首页|SITE SUITABILITY ANALYSIS FOR DISSEMINATION OF FLOOD AND DROUGHT-TOLERANT RICE VARIETIES IN NEPAL
SITE SUITABILITY ANALYSIS FOR DISSEMINATION OF FLOOD AND DROUGHT-TOLERANT RICE VARIETIES IN NEPAL
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Nepal is an agrarian country where agriculture accounts for about 32% of its gross domestic product。 Rice is currently grown on about 1。5 M ha area， which is half of its total cropped area， and contributes more than half of the total food grain production in the country。 Flood and drought are two major agricultural disasters， especially in the Terai (foothills) region， where about 70% of the country's rice is produced。 The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) has initiated a project aimed at targeting three major rice stresses-submergence， drought and salinity in South Asia。 In order to tackle the problem of submergence due to flash flooding， a submergence- tolerant gene， SUB 1， has recently been incorporated in several popular rice varieties of South and Southeast Asia。 These varieties with SUB 1 can survive two weeks of complete submergence， and still produce a high yield。 In Nepal， two varieties， Swarna-Subl and Sambha Mahsuri-Subl， have been released in 2012。 Apart from submergence tolerance， five drought-tolerant rice varieties bred by IRRI in partnership with the Nepal Agricultural research Council were also released in 201 land 2013 for the Terai and Foothill regions of Nepal。 These are- Shukha Dhan-1， Sukha Dhan-2， Sukha Dhan-3， Sukha Dhan-4， and Sukha Dhan-5。 These varieties provide a yield advantage of more than 0。5 t/ha under moderate drought and 0。8 to 1。0 t/ha under severe drought。 In addition， Sukha Dhan-6， which has tolerance to both flood and drought， has also been released in 2013。 These varieties can help the fanners of the region overcome the disaster by increasing their rice productivity and enhancing food security。 In order to ensure that the seeds of the submergence- and the drought-tolerant rice varieties are distributed only in the environments where its full potential can be harnessed， a study was carried out to identify areas prone to submergence and drought in Saptari and Sunsari districts of Terai region。 MODIS 500m data taken during the drought years of 2006 and 2009 were used along with meteorological， irrigation and support ground information。 ENVISAT ASAR and MODIS data of flood years 2007 and 2008 were used in mapping flood-affected area。 Flood-and drought-affected area maps were overlaid on the rice area and village boundary maps of these districts。 By matching the variety characteristics with the occurrence of flood and drought patterns， villages suitable for specific variety were identified using GIS。 The suitability map and village list showed 71 submergence-prone VDCs (Village Development Councils) suitable for Sub1 varieties in Saptari district， and 33 VDCs in Sunsari district。 The number of drought-prone VDCs suitable for the dissemination of drought-tolerant Sukha Dhan-1 to -5 were 55 in Saptri and 20 in Sunsari district。 Villages having problem of both drought and flood in the same season were also identified， where Sukha Dhan-6 can be disseminated。 31 VDCs in Saptari and 16 VDCs in Sunsari district were identified。 The generated information is being used by the Government of Nepal in dissemination of seeds of these rice varieties to farmers。
Flood-tolerant riceDrought-tolerant riceTargeted dissemination of rice varietiesRemote SensingAgricultural disasters
Amrendra N. Singh、Devi D. Sinha、Uma S. Singh
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International Rice Research Institute- India Office, NASC Compex, D.P.Shastri Marg, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
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