首页|The intergroup contact effect as including an outgroup other in the self
The intergroup contact effect as including an outgroup other in the self
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Aron and Aron's (1986, 1996, 1997) Inclusion of Other in the Self model proposes that a close other's resources, perspectives, and identities become, to some extent, one's own. This idea has generated the hypothesis that when two individuals who differ in their primary group-memberships develop a close relationship with each other, mental representations between self and other become at least partially overlapping, resulting in a break-down of the cognitive boundaries between the representations of the social categories involved and an improvement of cross-group attitudes. Two studies tested this hypothesis: Study 1 used a reaction time procedure in which participants indicated whether a series of trait adjectives were true for self, a close friend from an outgroup, and the outgroup. To the extent that participants responded more slowly on self-ratings when there was a mismatch of traits between self and outgroup friend (traits were true for self, but not for the outgroup friend or vice versa) compared to when there was a match, cognitive merging (or overlap) of self and outgroup friend was thought to have occurred. Analyses revealed that this cognitive merging of self and an outgroup friend was associated with explicit measures of stereotyping and prejudice and that this effect was mediated by self-outgroup merging. Study 2 attempted to replicate these findings with a different sample and using a source-memory paradigm in which participants were asked to recall a number of trait adjectives that they had previously rated for self, outgroup friend, ingroup friend, and outgroup. The goal of this study was to examine the patterns of confusions in recall that emerge when people are asked to recognize and label words previously presented and encoded in a non-systematic way about the self, an ingroup friend, an outgroup friend, and the relevant outgroup. As predicted, relationship closeness was found to be associated with the number of confusion errors participants made between self and outgroup friend. The predicted relationship between self-outgroup confusion errors and intergroup attitudes was not significant.
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