查看更多>>摘要：This study, based on the five-factor model (FFM) of personality, aimed to identify personality traits associated with the most optimal special weapons and tactics (SWAT) team member. SWAT teams are tasked with pre-empting and respond-ing to terrorist threats, conducting hostage rescue operations, and managing situations that exceed the capabilities of con-ventional law enforcement agencies. The study sought to provide a deeper understanding of how personality traits function within the high-stakes context of these teams. It involved 159 male SWAT officers in active service within the Swedish Police Authority. A work analysis instrument, the Personality Job Profiler (PJP), was administered to these offi-cers, who served as subject matter experts (SMEs) in a comprehensive personality work analysis. Specifically, the study addressed two research questions: How can an optimal SWAT police officer personality profile be operationalized when translated to the FFM of personality? What is the association between this optimal SWAT profile and the ratings of ten Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders personality disorder profiles, based on the FFM of personality? The findings suggest that successful SWAT officers should exhibit low neuroticism and high conscientiousness, specifically fea-turing low vulnerability and high levels of competence, dutifulness, and self-discipline. Notably, the SWAT profile differs significantly from personality disorders, such as borderline, schizotypal, dependent, and avoidant, when operationalized with the FFM of personality. These results have significant implications for developing predictors for the selection process and can enhance the selection procedures for future SWAT members. This may also prompt further studies on criteria-related validity using various personality assessment methods.
查看更多>>摘要：This scoping study investigates the state of preparedness of the police and their partners for the potential consequences of the climate crisis in a United Kingdom (UK) context The research engaged participants at strategic, tactical and oper-ational levels of planning and operations, and conducted a thematic analysis of qualitative data to identify key themes: cli-mate change impacts; why the police should care; prioritisation and preparation; and enabling and impeding factors. The results suggest that the police and their partners may be ill-prepared for the gamut of possible consequences. Preparedness appears hampered by a narrow focus on legislated requirements, short-term planning, lack of funding and resources, and limited prescience. Recommendations are made for redefining planning parameters, strengthening central government engagement, amplifying awareness and understanding of trend analyses, prioritisation of 'futures' thinking, ethical considerations and collaborative preparedness. The study has implications for law, public policy and pro-fessional practice in the UK, and other global jurisdictions seeking to develop risk assessment processes and preparedness for the consequences of climate change.
查看更多>>摘要：Police recruitment in England and Wales has seen a large upsurge in recent years, with a government mandate to raise officer numbers by 20,000. Alongside this request, considerable pressure remains for the police service to diversify and recruit an increasing number of officers from under-represented groups. Although there are signs that the diversity of police forces in England and Wales is increasing, there is a paucity of available information and research on how this is happening. Existing research on current positive action programmes is underdeveloped. This study considers evidence gained from 26 long-form phenomenological interviews with new policing recruits in a single police force from the north of England. The interviews were structured using social network theory, allowing in-depth exploration of how recruits socially navigated their respective recruitment journeys. The sample provided comparative data on the journey for those experiencing positive actions and those without access to these initiatives. The data gathered offer a picture of recruits' experiences during recruitment, allowing significant insight into the levels of social support they received. Social support is a critical element of well-being and retention. Empirical findings indicate that particular police recruitment stages exist as social building blocks for policing identity. These building blocks can be unequal depending on existing social resources. This differential identity-building during pre-socialization leads to a proposal for services to consider their posi-tive action initiatives in a different light and ensure that they lead to the development of longer-term, supportive relation-ships for under-represented recruits.
Oleksandr BabikovAndrii V SvintsytskyiViktor V NazarovOlha I Kosilova...
43-55页
查看更多>>摘要：The aim of this article is to determine and assess the feasibility of using covert investigations against special entities, identifying the risks of unwarranted interference in a person's private life during application of these investigations, and developing general principles of covert investigation to observe fundamental human rights and freedoms. These requirements are enshrined in the criminal procedure legislation of Ukraine, European Union legislation and the legal positions of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). To achieve this research aim, a range of methods was used. A comparative method was used to analyse the international and domestic legislation of Ukraine and other states; a dogmatic method was applied to study the legal positions of the ECtHR on covert investigations; a dialectical method helped to establish the principles of additional guarantees for special subjects; and the general principles of ensuring the rights and freedoms of special entities during covert investigations were analysed. As a result, it is suggested that Ukrainian legislation regarding covert investigations against special entities should be amended and criteria for lawful and unlawful interference in personal communications be introduced.
查看更多>>摘要：The goal of this study was to test the link between satisfaction with police functioning and the intention to report online victimization to the police while considering the place of birth. Performance theory served as the study's theoretical framework. Data were obtained from the 2020 Israel Social Survey. The sample comprised adult internet users who did not experience online victimization (N = 3937). The results show a positive association between satisfaction with police performance and the likelihood of intending to report online victimization to this authority. However, this relation-ship was found to vary in accordance with immigration status. The association was more pronounced in the native-born and pre-1990 immigrant group compared with the post-1990 immigrant group. The results supported performance the-ory and suggest that the police should act in a more satisfying way to be considered as a primary address for individuals who fall victim to cybercrime, especially members of disadvantaged social groups.
Susan Bourassa RabichukLinzi WilliamsonSid Frankel
63-77页
查看更多>>摘要：Policewomen can be significantly impacted by stress, resulting in mental health challenges. Although numerous studies have explored experiences among women in policing, few have focused on the stress that can accompany these experi-ences and their impacts. We conducted a scoping review of stress among policewomen to explore and summarize the current breadth of research in this area and identify potential knowledge gaps and opportunities for further study. Ten databases were searched to identify relevant literature. Manual searches of reference lists and book chapters were also completed. Twenty-five peer-reviewed articles, one book chapter, one thesis, and one dissertation were included in the current review. An inductive thematic analysis was completed, and six categories relating to policewomen's work-place stress experiences and their impacts were identified. The categories included gendered institutions, gender identity and gendered roles in policing, sexual harassment and discriminatory experiences, organizational relationships between gender, career progression and promotion, policewomen and parenting, organizational change, and stressors and asso-ciated health effects for women police officers. Although the experiences were thoroughly described, their connection to stress and the effects on mental health were not Robust research into the overall impacts of workplace stress on policewomen's mental health is needed, including exploring generative mechanisms capable of producing the stress experiences and resulting mental health challenges to develop appropriate policies, practices, and interventions.
Margo van FeliusJulianne WebsterLyndel BatesJanet Ransley...
78-94页
查看更多>>摘要：Third-party policing (TPP) partnerships provide police agencies with an opportunity to address underlying social issues, and allow for longer-term solutions to crime and the development of innovative crime-reduction strategies. A review of the multi-agency policing partnership literature identifies a range of formal and informal factors that impact on imple-mentation and partnership engagement However, the literature is limited in terms of how and why these factors facili-tate or inhibit implementation, and/or how these factors interact. This article applies an international case study methodology involving 55 semi-structured interviews with police officers and representatives from partner agencies across three TPP partnerships, two in Queensland, Australia and one in the United Kingdom. The key findings highlight a range of factors that are important. Five of these are imperative to the successful implementation and sustainability of TPP partnerships and continued partner engagement: (a) clear and shared aims and objectives for the partnership; (b) commitment from management and all involved to partnership working and adequate resourcing; (c) trust, respect and open communication between the partners; (d) information-sharing protocols; and (e) measuring the performance of the partnership. This article further shows that these factors are interdependent and should be considered in the con-text of the others.
查看更多>>摘要：Whereas existing literature has pointed to a connection between policing and adverse mental health outcomes, it primar-ily focuses on Black populations within the context of disproportionate police contact and the policing of racially minori-tised communities. We conducted a rapid evidence assessment of the literature examining the association between policing and mental health, encompassing individuals of all races, ages and countries, with a focus on investigating the effect of police activity on people's mental health. We include situations in which police are both the proximate cause of (poor) mental health and those in which police are interacting with people who already have poor mental health. A total of 92 studies exploring the impact of police activity on the mental well-being of the policed were included. Overall, the evidence underscores a connection between police encounters and negative mental health repercussions. Quantitative investigations substantiate this correlation, while qualitative studies offer insights into the experiences of individuals who have directly experienced or been privy to accounts of what they often perceive as unjust policing prac-tices. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Carla Maria Santos CarvalhoAna Luisa Sousa PintoSoraia Alexandra de Sousa OliveiraAndreia Carolina Gil Graca...
113-126页
查看更多>>摘要：Police officers work under demanding emotional, psychological and physical circumstances while interacting with victims, crim-inals and colleagues. They are faced daily with emotional demands to express positive emotions and, at the same time, are required to suppress negative emotions. Consequently, this influences the emotional regulation strategies (i.e., deep- or sur-face-acting) they choose to use, which impacts their professional identity and work engagement. We conducted a study to understand whether professional identity mediates the relationship between emotional labour (demands and strategies) and work engagement in a sample of Portuguese police officers. For this purpose, we used a set of four self-administered ques-tionnaires: Emotional Work Requirements Scale (EWRS), Emotional Labour Scale (ELS), Social Identity Scale (SIS) and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES). 924 police officers from the Portuguese Public Security Police (PSP) participated voluntarily. Our results show that there is a mediating effect of professional identity on the relationship between surface-acting strategies, positive emotion expression and negative emotion suppression demands, and work engagement Professional iden-tity fully mediates the relationship between negative emotion suppression demands and work engagement. Nevertheless, there seems to be no mediating effect of professional identity on the relationship between deep-acting strategies and emotional var-iety and intensity demands, and work engagement. To the best of our knowledge, no other study has analysed the aforemen-tioned variables in Portuguese police forces. Meaning that our study is ground-breaking, with clear implications. Further research is needed on this subject to understand better the relationship among these variables in the police population.
查看更多>>摘要：Redefining School Safety and Policing: A Transformative Four-Pillar Model by Jeffrey Yarbrough offers a captivat-ing journey into the complex world of American school safety and policing. Yarbrough, drawing upon his extensive background in law enforcement, including notable roles as the Chief of Police for the Hutto Police Department and police chief for two Texas school district police depart-ments, brings a wealth of practical insights to the forefront. His exploration begins with a critical examination of sys-temic issues within school policing, shining a spotlight on the challenges faced by marginalised student populations in the United States. As a reader across the Atlantic, this examination has prompted me to consider potential paral-lels within the United Kingdom's (UK) educational institu-tions. The book challenges us to reflect on the unintended consequences of involving the police in disciplinary pro-cesses, a conversation that is equally pertinent in our context, where debates on the role of policing in schools are gaining traction.
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