首页期刊导航|The journal of strategic studies
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The journal of strategic studies
Frank Cass
The journal of strategic studies

Frank Cass

0140-2390

The journal of strategic studies/Journal The journal of strategic studies
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    From the editors

    1111-1115页
    查看更多>>摘要：Throughout its history, The Journal of Strategic Studies has focused on the theory and practice of strategy in both historical and contemporary settings. The articles in this issue of the Journal continue this tradition, with an emphasis on China, nuclear matters, and strategic theory.Leading off the issue is Caitlin Talmadge and Joshua Rovner's The Meaning of China's Nuclear Revolution'.Talmadge, of Georgetown University, and Rovner, of American University, survey U.S. perspectives on the meaning of China's nuclear modernization. They describe three competing interpretations, each of which reflects a different theory of nuclear strategy: Nuclear Revolution, Nuclear Superiority, and the Stability-Instability Paradox. They also derive future indicators that could help resolve the debate over China's intent as more evidence becomes available. Next up, Joel Wuthnow, of the Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs at the U.S. National Defense University, and M. Taylor Fravel, Director of the Security Studies Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, explore the People's Liberation Army's 2019 military strategic guidelines.In 'China's Military Strategy for a "New Era": Some Change, More Continuity, and Tantalizing Hints'. Wuthnow and Fravel argue that the strategy reflected the Chinese leadership's determination to focus the PLA on the necessary and achievable, but also that a new direction could be influenced by changes in the strategic landscape, rapid modernization, or new operational concepts.
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    The meaning of China's nuclear modernization

    Caitlin TalmadgeJoshua Rovner
    1116-1148页
    查看更多>>摘要：Will China's nuclear modernization threaten U.S. security? Will it destabilize East Asia, creating new strategic problems for U.S. allies and partners? And will it make conventional war more likely by giving China the confidence to act under the cover of advanced nuclear weapons? Despite the centrality of China in debates over contemporary strategy, there is no consensus answer to these questions. This article surveys U.S perspectives on the meaning of China's nuclear modernization. It describes three competing interpretations, each reflecting a different theory of nuclear strategy: the Nuclear Revolution; Nuclear Superiority; and the Stability-Instability Paradox. We describe the theoretical logic and empirical evidence in support of each claim, and derive future indicators that could help resolve the debate over China's intentions as more evidence becomes available. This exercise also reveals some counterintuitive views about China's nuclear efforts and the prospects for conventional war. The conclusion discusses the implications for theory and policy.
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    China's military strategy for a 'new era': Some change, more continuity, and tantalizing hints

    Joel WuthnowM. Taylor Fravel
    1149-1184页
    查看更多>>摘要：In 2019, China's Central Military Commission adopted a new strategy for the People's Liberation Army, titled the 'military strategic guidelines for the new era.' This was consistent with the past but framed by Xi's political consolidation, growing threats from the United States and Taiwan, and a new military structure. This article documents the strategy and asks what would drive a more fundamental adjustment. It concludes that the strategy reflected a determination to focus the PLA on the necessary and the achievable, but a new direction could be influenced by changes in the strategic landscape, rapid modernization, or new operational concepts.
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    Explaining China's large-scale land reclamation in the South China Sea: Timing and rationale

    Ketian Zhang
    1185-1214页
    查看更多>>摘要：Since 2013, China has undertaken extensive reclamation and construction on several reefs in the Spratly Island chain in the South China Sea. China has since been adding new construction and fortifications to the land features that had undergone reclamation between late 2013 and 2015, but none of the new projects rivalled the large-scale reclamation from 2014-15, and nor has China reclaimed any new land features. Land reclamation has theoretical and empirical implications. The literature regarding maritime disputes in the South China Sea is rich and plenty. Many studies, however, focus on China's bilateral assertive or coercive behaviour as well as China's general strategy in the South China Sea, not land reclamation per se. What explains the timing of China's large-scale land reclamation in the South China Sea? Why did China decide to initiate large-scale land reclamation in the first place? This paper, therefore, conducts a comprehensive case study analysing China's land reclamation decisions. I argue that China's land reclamation is a result of capability, rationale, and opportunities which include a calculation of U.S. resolve. This study has implications for understanding Chinese foreign policy decision-making and contributes to the credibility debate in the coercion literature.
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    State or soldier? Explaining China's decisionmaking in India-China border crises

    Jaganath Sankaran
    1215-1244页
    查看更多>>摘要：Prevailing explanations for India-China border crises rely on rational actor models and assumes centralized decisionmaking. Instead, I argue that the several recent India-China border crises cannot be understood without separately interrogating the role of the PLA in China's national security policymaking. I argue that the PLA uses its operational independence to continuously challenge Indian forces on the contested border. The Indian forces, when confronted, pushed back. The several recent border standoffs are a manifestation of the interactions between the two armed forces.
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    Pulled East. The rise of China, Europe and French security policy in the Asia-Pacific

    Hugo Meijer
    1245-1286页
    查看更多>>摘要：This article delivers the first post-Cold War history of how France - the European power with the largest political-military footprint in the Asia-Pacific - has responded to the national security challenges posed by the rise of China. Based upon a unique body of primary sources (80 interviews conducted in Europe, the Asia-Pacific and the United States; declassified archival documents; and leaked diplomatic cables), it shows that China's growing assertiveness after 2009 (and national policymakers' perceptions thereof) has been the key driver of change in French security policy in the region, pulling France strategically into the Asia-Pacific. Specifically, growing threat perceptions of China's rise - coupled with steadily rising regional economic interests - have led Paris to forge a cohesive policy framework, the Indo-Pacific strategy, and to bolster the political-military dimension of its regional presence. By investigating this key yet neglected dimension of French and European security policies, and by leveraging a unique body of primary written and oral sources, this study fills an important gap in the scholarly literature on both European and Asia-Pacific security dynamics. The findings of this article also shed new light on the political and military assets that France can bring to bear in the formulation of a common EU security policy toward the Asia-Pacific and on the implications thereof for the prospect of a transatlantic strategy vis-a-vis China.
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    Mobilizing patriotic consumers: China's new strategy of economic coercion1

    Audrye WongLeif-Eric EasleyHsin-wei Tang
    1287-1324页
    查看更多>>摘要：This article develops the concept of 'patriotic consumer mobilization' to explain how China uses informal boycotts as economic coercion. Patriotic consumer mobilization employs citizens as the unit of action, facilitating manipulability, uncertainty, and plausible deniability. It manages public sentiment for domestic legitimacy and foreign policy goals. Citizens are mobilized via propaganda that underscores national humiliation, frames boycotts as grassroots patriotism, and signals resolve to foreign countries. After outlining conditions for use and a case comparison with Taiwan, we draw on Chinese-language sources to examine Beijing's coercion of South Korea over a missile defense system.
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    The rise of the autocratic nuclear marketplace

    Nicholas L. MillerTristan A. Volpe
    1325-1363页
    查看更多>>摘要：The United States established itself as the dominant supplier of civil nuclear technology in the 1960s. But Moscow soon caught up, supplanting Washington after the Cold War. What led to the rise of this autocratic nuclear marketplace? We identify two factors. First, polarity shapes the motives for states to pursue civil nuclear exports. The superpowers faced strong motivations under bipolar-ity, but unipolarity put greater pressure on Russia to compete for influence with nuclear exports. Second, regime type affects state capacity to execute this strategy. We find that Moscow enjoyed an autocratic advantage, which insulated its nuclear industry from domestic opposition.
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    The genesis of the first strategic stealth bomber: Understanding the interactions between strategy, bureaucracy, politics, and technology

    Adam B. Young
    1364-1382页
    查看更多>>摘要：This article conducts a fresh analysis of the key developments - strategic and technological - that resulted in the world's first penetrating stealth bomber. It explores the tectonic shift in defense thinking, which began in the late 1960s as it became widely understood that the Soviet Union had matched the United States' advantage in nuclear weaponry. It then examines how the United States grappled with the issue of Soviet conventional numerical superiority and whether advances in air defenses rendered penetrating airpower - the air leg of the nuclear triad and a critical component of the United States' emerging strategy - impotent.
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    Nuclear divergence between Britain and the United States: SDI and the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty

    Wyn ReesAzriel Bermant
    1383-1405页
    查看更多>>摘要：This article draws on recently declassified documents on both sides of the Atlantic to reveal the depth of the disagreements between Britain and the United States over adherence to the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty during the 1980s. In the context of the radical Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), the Thatcher government feared that the dismissive attitude of the Reagan administration towards the ABM Treaty would undermine the role of arms control in providing mutual security and would have harmful consequences for the viability of Britain's nuclear deterrent. Some British officials also suspected that the Reagan administration was manipulating alleged Soviet non-compliance with the Treaty as a pretext for abandoning it. The tensions between London and Washington on this issue were fundamental, as the Reagan administration perceived it as an obstacle which constrained the progress of SDI.
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