查看更多>>摘要：Abstract The risks brought about by climate change are complex and varied. A comprehensive study of the economic impact of climate change on various industries can help take proactive measures to enhance economic resilience. We use the panel data samples of monthly data at city level from 2010 to 2020 in China to explore the effects and mechanisms of heatwaves on real estate prices. Our research finds that for every 1 unit increase in standardized temperature, it will reduce housing prices by approximately CNY110 per square meter. The heterogeneity analyses indicate that in inland areas, areas with high fiscal pressure, and good development of the primary industry, this impact is even stronger. In addition, the exploration of potential mechanisms indicates that extreme high temperatures will reduce the proportion of employed people in the secondary industry, increase the proportion of employed people in the tertiary industry, reduce employment opportunities, inhibit agricultural development, and lower the willingness of foreign investment. These factors will lead to a decrease in housing prices from the demand side. This study analyzed the potential impact of climate risk on property value, contributing to a better understanding of the uncertain market environment.
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract This paper investigates the impact of pollution levies on firms’ energy consumption and production activities using a difference-in-differences design for China’s 11th Five-Year Plan pollution levy standard reform. This reform was rigorously enforced due to the crucial role of emission reduction targets in political assessments. Using a firm-level pollution and production dataset from 2001 to 2014, we find that (1) compared to firms in an unreformed region, those in a reformed region reduced their energy consumption by 4.2%, SO2 emissions by 12.16%, and lost TFP by 4.82%. (2) Reform-induced energy savings are mainly driven by polluting industries, occur only after the government links emission reduction targets to performance appraisals, and are mainly driven by reformed districts under politicians with promotion prospects. (3) Increased investment in energy-efficient equipment and technologies, reduced production, and a more rational allocation of energy are the main channels through which energy savings and emission reductions are achieved, but they also result in TFP losses. (4) Cost estimates for the study sample indicate that about 1.31 × 104 RMB will be lost for every ton of standard coal saved. This paper provides important policy implications for enhancing energy saving and reducing emissions through pollution levies in developing countries.
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract This paper studies the coalitional great fish war model in a setting with βδ-preferences (or quasi-hyperbolic discounting). We derive the equilibrium strategies and payoffs in this coalition game under non-cooperation, full cooperation, and partial cooperation, under simultaneous moves and with first-mover advantage for the coalition. We focus on the effects of the short-run discount factor β on the sustainability of cooperation. We find that the introduction of quasi-hyperbolic discounting can have a significant impact on the existence of stable coalitions. In particular, in contrast with the standard case of exponential discount functions, in which the coalitions of more than two players are always unstable under simultaneous moves, the grand coalition can be stable if the bias towards the present is sufficiently high (i.e., for small values of β). In addition, we show that, under simultaneous moves, there can be up to three sustainable coalitions, including the grand coalition, and larger coalitions are better from an ecological perspective, since total harvesting is lower. Thus, the consideration of quasi-hyperbolic discounting offers a promising avenue to address the challenge posed by small coalitions.
Luis EscalantePierre MamboundouCarine MeyimdjuiOluwasola E. Omoju...
1657-1677页
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Climate disasters, exacerbated by climate change, are becoming more frequent and severe, leading to significant socioeconomic and food system implications. Using econometrics and a dynamic general equilibrium model, this study examines the economic impact of climate disasters in Nigeria and evaluates the effect of mitigation strategies. The results show that the direct effects of climate disaster shocks on crop production spill over to other sectors of the economy, resulting in an overall 2.11% fall in real GDP. The analysis also highlights the substantial influence of climate disasters on Nigeria’s food systems and the consequent increase in food insecurity, particularly in the northern region, where the likelihood of food shortages increases by 6.50%. The analysis of mitigation measures suggests that a mix of policies is more efficient than stand-alone policies. Specifically, we found that a combined strategy of cash transfers for rural households and tax reductions for urban households is the best option, as it improves consumption and employment. However, it also leads to increased food imports and vulnerability. Complementing this strategy with targeted investments and subsidies is key to strengthening crop resilience and mitigating disaster impacts.
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract An argument sometimes used to support renewable energy is that it may contribute to job creation. On the other hand, these technologies often face local opposition. In the case of Denmark, the country with the longest wind power experience, we examine whether the installation of new turbines had local economic benefits. Using the Danish master data register of wind turbines and detailed data on the municipal budget, personal income and sectoral employment from Statistics Denmark, we build a panel covering 250 municipalities. We use a quasi-experimental set-up and exploit time and regional variations at the municipal level. We find that the deployment of wind power contributed to the increase in personal income for entrepreneurs and reduced dependence on social benefits. As municipalities received payments from wind investors ahead of the construction, the new wind revenues were also followed by increases in local public spending. We find only very minor effects on employment in some sectors, and the aggregate local employment does not change significantly. Heterogeneity analyses indicate that the increases in local entrepreneurial income are largely driven by small installations, whilst increases in municipal budget and reductions in the dependence on social benefits are induced by larger installations.
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract We evaluate the impact of environmental emergency alerts and temporary driving restrictions on cycling activity in Mexico City for the period 2019–2023. Although environmental alerts and driving restrictions are closely linked, they do not necessarily occur simultaneously. We are careful to disentangle their differentiated effect using an administrative dataset that allows us to distinguish cyclists’ trip purposes as commuting and leisure. We find that environmental alerts are effective, yet limited, persuading cyclists to reduce their cycling activity by about 6–29% during highly polluted days. Moreover, we confirm that temporary driving restrictions are effective, increasing commuting cycling activity in a range of 4–15%. However, the effectiveness of driving restrictions is achieved at the expense of lower-income commuters. While higher-income commuters continue to drive thanks to their greater availability of cars, lower-income commuters are pushed to opt for cleaner means of transportation—such as bicycles—at a higher cost for their health.
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract This paper explores road construction’s unintended consequences on health. Drawing evidence from a large-scale road development program in Ethiopia, we investigate the impact of road construction on infant mortality. Along major routes, we find that an additional road increases the probability of infant mortality by 3 percentage points. The empirical evidence suggests that waste exposure associated with road construction is a likely explanation for our findings. A large set of robustness checks rules out confounding factors such as migration and urbanization, and alternative mechanisms such as traffic pollution.
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Springer Nature