查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Global sea level rise is a known consequence of climate change. As predictions of sea level rise have grown in magnitude and certainty, coastal real estate assets face an increasing climate risk. I use a complete data set of repeated home sales from Long Island in New York State to estimate the appreciation discount caused by the threat of sea level rise. The repeat sale methodology allows for time-invariant, unobserved property characteristics to be controlled for. Between 2000 and 2017, I find that residential properties that were exposed to future sea level rise experienced an annual price appreciation rate of roughly 1% point below unexposed properties. I provide numerous robustness checks to confirm this result. I also find evidence of demand spillovers by estimating an appreciation premium for properties that are near the coast but are relatively safe from sea level rise.
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract We extend the literature on the impact of stormwater retention basins on house prices and time on the market. Our results indicate that properties located closer to a basin sell at a discount relative to properties located farther away, but the impact is not linear. We further provide evidence that home buyers pay premium prices to be located closer to a basin in construction, yet as the basin ages, property prices decrease. Although stormwater basins provide benefits for the community, results suggest that proximate households generally bear the cost. In the locations adjacent to the basins, discount prices of proximate homes tend to be larger in low-income areas.
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract We investigate the impact of sentimental shocks on house price fluctuations in the Euro area. To this end, we isolate and measure non-fundamental-based sentimental shocks by employing survey-based indicators that proxy four key types of expectations of housing market participants. The novelty of our study is that specific sentimental shocks are identified through four uncertainty transmission channels in the real estate market (i.e., the precautionary savings channel, the credit supply channel, the credit demand, and the inflationary channel). We provide strong evidence that sentimental shocks drive fluctuations in house prices even in the absence of any changes in aggregate fundamentals. Finally, we find that these results are more pronounced in the peripheral Euro area countries. The finding that the real estate market is also governed by irrational behavior implies that both governments and policymakers should consider sentimental shocks when they form their real estate market policies or take actions to stabilize and improve the proper function of the European housing market.
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Relative to common equities and fixed-income securities, preferred securities have received scant attention from the academic and professional communities. Here, we utilize bivariate dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) and conventional mean-variance optimization models to construct asset portfolios of stocks, bonds, and REITs (real estate investment trusts), including publicly traded equity REIT securities (EREITs), mortgage REITs (MREITs), and REIT preferred stocks (PSREITs). Our analysis of weekly data from January 2000 through December 2019 reveals strong evidence that PSREIT securities have meaningful diversification benefits. During periods of economic expansion, the results indicate that increasing the portfolio inclusion of PSREIT securities, owing to their equity-like characteristics, increases the Sharpe reward-to-variability ratios of portfolios from 0.237 to 0.296. Time-varying correlations and optimal weights in our models exhibit dependence on the state of the economy. Highlighting the benefits of including PSREIT securities within a traditional mixed-asset portfolio, we also acknowledge liquidity constraints and other microstructure considerations that may limit market participation by individual investors and managers of small portfolios.
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract An economic experiment with endogenous institutions informs the political economy of land value taxation relative to uniform property taxation in terms of efficiency and sprawl reduction. Heterogeneous type distributions were used so that land value taxation was earnings-rational, relative to uniform property taxation, for 40, 60, and 80 percent of the participants. The model’s induced values predict land value taxation leads to less sprawl, more earnings, and more tax revenue than uniform property taxation. Experimental data do not consistently match this prediction, where both tax institutions led to more sprawl and lower earnings than predicted. Results show participants voted for the tax institution that does not maximize their individual earnings in 16.7 percent of rounds. These earnings-irrational choices occurred when the type distributions were 40 and 60 percent in favor of land value taxation. The experiment results nonetheless show the absolute advantage of land value taxation for producing less sprawl, more tax revenue, and more earnings. Moreover, the behavioral evidence suggests that relative advantage of land value taxation in reducing sprawl is greater than predicted by the model. This suggests further inquiry about whether land value taxation promotion activities may best be targeted towards cities using uniform property taxation where economies are vibrant, land uses are already relatively intensive, and greater-than-average population density already exists.
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Employing a recently developed panel econometric technique, first, we show that accounting for spatial dependence and heterogeneity yields more accurate risk factor coefficients and abnormal housing returns. Rather than systematic risks, idiosyncratic risks explain the variations in residential housing excess returns. After controlling for asset-specific and systematic risk factors, the positive and significant impact of the unobservable common factors on the excess returns suggests that speculative market forces drive the housing excess returns. Second, we then analyze the risks and returns of houses in affordable and expensive submarkets allowing for spatial dependence and heterogeneity. We find that houses in the affordable submarkets perform better than houses in the expensive submarkets. Thus, the potential demand for houses in the affordable submarket may aggravate the housing affordability crisis. Our study’s results, therefore, encourage policymakers and investors to view the housing market as a collection of regional units and submarkets, but not as a single national market.
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract We present evidence on the effect of a public health crisis on housing markets through the lens of the recent opioid crisis in the U.S. Using data on opioid prescriptions and repeat sales in Ohio, we find that house price changes around opioid dispensaries are negatively associated with the quantity of opioids dispensed. To explore a causal inference, we use a potentially cleaner measure of supply that is based on vertical integration. We estimate that a one standard deviation increase in the standardized number of pills dispensed by vertically integrated pharmacies is associated with a 5.8% decrease in house price appreciation. Our work informs the broader policy discussion on economic costs resulting from health crises.
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract This paper presents a model of a housing market with a fixed supply of land available for future development. Building density and the rate of land development are both endogenous. Competition amongst atomistic landowners leads to welfare-maximizing development policies. However, a monopolist landowner develops land faster, with lower building density, than a welfare-maximizing social planner. Unless demand is very high, the first effect dominates, because a monopolist landowner increases the size of the housing stock faster than a social planner. Rapid, low-density development is a commitment device. It boosts the monopolist’s development proceeds by making it more difficult to flood the market with new housing in the future.
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