首页期刊导航|Progress in Natural Science: Communication of State Key Laboratories of China
期刊信息/Journal information
Progress in Natural Science: Communication of State Key Laboratories of China
Science Press
Science Press
1002-0071
Progress in Natural Science: Communication of State Key Laboratories of China/Journal Progress in Natural Science: Communication of State Key Laboratories of China
查看更多>>摘要：The discovery of multiband afterglows definitely shows that most γ-ray bursts are of cosmological origin. γ-ray bursts are found to be one of the most violent explosive phenomena in the Universe, in which astonishing ultra-relativistic motions are involved. In this article, the multiband observational characteristics of γ-ray bursts and their afterglows are briefly reviewed. The standard model ofγ-ray bursts, i. e. the fireball model, is described. Emphasis is then put on the importance of the nonrelativistic phase of afterglows. The concept of deep Newtonian phase is elaborated. A generic dynamical model applicable in both the relativistic and nonrelativistic phases is introduced. Based on these elaborations, the overall afterglow behaviors, from the very early stages to the very late stages, can be conveniently calculated.
查看更多>>摘要：This paper investigates the semi-online scheduling problem with the known largest size on two uniform machines. The objective is to maximize the minimum machine completion time. Both lower bounds and algorithms are given. Algorithms are optimal forthe majority values of s ≥ 1, where s is the speed ratio of the two machines. The largest gap between the competitive ratio and the lower bound is about 0.064. Moreover, the overall competitive ratio 2 matches the overall lower bound.
查看更多>>摘要：Ferrimagnet is a kind of basic and important multi-sublattice magnet material. It has attracted more and more attention of physicists and mathematicians. Many results of solitons and numerical computations on this topic have appeared. In this article, the dynamic equation for an isotropic ferrimagnet with two non-equivalent sublattices is studied, existence of weak solutions in multi dimension case is proved through the penalized method, the uniqueness and smoothness of the solution in one dimension case are also obtained by the relation between this equation and hyperbolic equation.
查看更多>>摘要：The alien gene flow between genetically modified glyphosate-resistant rapeseed variety Q3 (Brassica napus L. ) and four cruciferous weeds was studied under mentor pollen inducement. The results showed that when Thlaspi arvense L., Capsella bursa-pastoris (L. ) Medic, Cardamine hirsuta L. and Rorippa palustris (L. ) Besser were pollinated with mentor pollen, the mixed Q3 andthe weed, pollen grains aggregated largely and germinated quickly, and the numbers of pollen tubes penetrating into the style and the ovary were greatly increased as compared with corresponding self-pollination groups. Twenty four to forty eight hours after pollination, several pollen tubes were observed to penetrate into the ovule via micropyle in each mentor combination. However, when the mentor progenieswere analyzed by PCR, all of them showed negative for the Q3 herbicide-resistant gene. Collectively, these results indicated that crossing between T. arvense, C bursa-pastoris, C. hirsuta, R. palustris (as female) and Q3 (as male) was highly incompatible and the herbicide-resistant gene could not flow from Q3 to these four weeds.
查看更多>>摘要：Gas vesicles provide buoyancy to Microcystis and other common cyanobacterial bloom-forming species. gvpA and gvpC are structural genes encoding gas vesicle proteins. Phylogenetic analyses of 10 Microcystis strains/uncultured samples showed that gvpC and each intergenic segment of the gvpA-gvpC region can be divided into two types. The combination of different types of gvpC and in-tergenic segments is an important factor that diversifies this genomic region. Some Microcystis strains isolated in China possess a 172 to 176 bp sequence tag in the intergenic segment between gvpA and gvpC. The gvpA-gvpC region in Microcystis can be divided into at least 4 classes and more numbers of subclasses. Compared to rbcLX and other regions, the high variability of the gvpA-gvpC region should be more useful in identifying geographical isolates or ecotypes of Microcystis.
查看更多>>摘要：Clonal plants in Mu Us sandland change the sandy environment. The clonal plant is a kind of resource in restoration of the Mu Us sandy landscape. Soil samples at depth of 50 cm in the rhizosphere of the clonal plants were collected in 4 replicates at each location and divided into sections corresponding to 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40 and 40-50 cm depths in two representative sites from north to south in Mu Us sandland, northwestern China, in July 2005. Clonal plants included Psammochloa villosa and Hedysarum laeve. The colonization and ecological distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi were investigated in the rhizosphere of clonal plants in Mu Us sandland. The results showed that the clonal plants established well symbiosis with AM fungi; AM fungal species and spatial distribution were significantly related with the host plants and soil factors. Of 16 AM fungal taxa in three genera isolated and identified, Glomus multicaule was only observed in the rhizosphere of Psammochloa villosa; Glomus aggregation, Glomus hydembadensis, Glomus constrictum and Acaulospora rehmii only appeared in the rhizosphere of Hedysarum leave. The depth of soil layers observably affected the spore density and the frequency of colonization ( %F) . The maximal %F and spore density occurred in the 10-20 cm layer at the site of Ordos Sandy Land Ecological Station, but which occurred in the 0-10 cm layer in Shanxi Yulin Rare Sandy-plants Conversation Field. AM fungal status and colonization might be used to monitor desertification and soil degradation.
查看更多>>摘要：The morphology and organogenesis of Chinese giant salamander, Andrias davidianus, in its different developmental periods and stages are described in detail, which provides an intact criterion for distinguishing different stages of its developmental process. Based on the external morphological and internal histological features, six periods including 20 stages of organogenesis of Chinese giant salamander are established, which are cleavage period, blastula period, gastrula period, neurula period, organogenesis stage and hatching stage. Generally, the embryonic development of Chinese giant salamander is consistent with those of Eastern newt, Cynops orientalis, and Black spots frog, R . nigromaculata . However, they have some differences in the early cleavage process and the development of digestive system. The cleavage of Chinese giant salamander, A. davidianus is not a discoidal division type, which is different from other species reported. And the first three cleavages being meridional and a retardant development of its digestive system without halter and sucker existing are the evident features of the embryonic development of Chinese giant salamander.
查看更多>>摘要：Ages of the stratigraphic boundary MIS1/2 and MIS3/4 of the Yuanbu loess section in Linxia are used as the basis of the nodal control age. The age of MIS1/2 and MIS3/4 are obtained from the latest international research result—the climatic events recorded in the stalagmite in the Hulu Cave in Nanjing, that MIS1/2 is 11.5 kaB.P. and MIS3/4 is 59.8 kaB.P. . The ages of the twoclimatic events contain three nodal age control models (Model 1:0 kaB. P. —59.8 kaB. P. ; Model2:0 kaB. P.—11.5 kaB. P. and 11.5 kaB.P.—59.8 kaB.P. ; Model 3: 11.5 kaB. P.—59. 8 kaB. P. ), which are used as the nodal control age separately. The deposition times of various stratigraphic horizons are calculated by using the magnetic susceptibility age model and grain-size age model, and thencompared with each other. In addition, the AMS~(14)C age, OSL age and the ages of YD and H events are compared with the ages of the corresponding horizons calculated by the three models of nodal control ages. From the analyses of lithologic characters and climatic stages it has been found that both the magnetic susceptibility age model and the grain-size age model have some defects. Because the accurate con-trol ages are selected as the nodal points of the glacial period or interglacial period, the stratigraphic deposition times determined by the high resolution of magnetic susceptibility age model and grain-size age model approximate to the actual ages. As for the relative accuracy of the two age models, the magnetic susceptibility age model is more accurate than the grain-size age model.
查看更多>>摘要：Based on the maximum entropy principle, a probability density function (PDF) for the zero-crossing wave height (H) of random waves is derived as the simple form f_n(H) ＝ αH~γe~(-βH~n) (n is a selectable positive integer) through solving a variational problem subject to some quite general constraints. This PDF maximizes the information entropy of H, and its parameters α, γ and β are expressed explicitly in terms of the distribution moments H~m, m = 1, 2,…, n, so it is well competent for describing the distribution of H of nonlinear sea waves with large uncertainty, and its parameters can be simply determined from available data. Comparisons between the PDF with n = 3 and n = 4 and the observed distributions of H from wave records measured in the East China Sea and in a wind-wave tunnel show fairly satisfying agreements.
查看更多>>摘要：Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is carried out for the year-to-year variability of the boreal winter (DJF) mass stream function of the mean meridional circulation (MMC) during the period 1948—2005. The results demonstrate that it is dominated by the equatorially asymmetric and symmetric modes. Further analysis shows that the former mode is linked with the boreal winter Hadley cell mainly on the decadal time-scale, and the latter on the interannual time-scale. The asymmetric mode index (AMI) with a clear upward trend contributes to the decadal strengthening of the boreal Hadley circulation, and is closely correlated with the tropical SST warming, especially in the region of Indo-west Pacific warm pool (INWP). Furthermore, the AMI also contributes to the abrupt change of the correlation coefficient between the boreal Hadley circulation and ENSO after 1976. The symmetric mode index (SMI) with robust and stable linkage with ENSO shows a significant interannual variability, suggesting that the variability of the Hadley circulation is mainly associated with ENSO on the interannual time-scale.
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