Chwan-Fwu LinShih-Yi ChuangTse-Hung HuangThi My Huyen Nguyen...
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查看更多>>摘要：The anthraquinones derived from rhubarb are reported to have anti-inflammatory activity. The present study aimed to assess the topical application of rhubarb anthraquinone aglycones for psoriasis treatment. The anti-psoriatic effect of five anthraquinones, including aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, physcion, and chrysophanol, was compared to elucidate a structure-permeation relationship. Molecular modeling was employed to determine the physicochemical properties. Both macrophages (differentiated THP-1) and keratinocytes (HaCaT) were used to examine the anti-inflammatory activity in the cell-based study. The in vitro pig skin absorption showed that chrysophanol was the compound with the highest cutaneous accumulation. Topically applied rhein was detected to be largely delivered to the receptor compartment. The absorption of rhein was increased by 5-fold in the barrier-deficient skin as compared to intact skin. By stimulating macrophages with imiquimod (IMQ) to model the inflammation in psoriasis, it was found that the anthraquinones significantly reduced IL-6, IL-23, and TNF. The cytokine inhibition level was comparable for the five compounds. The anthraquinones suppressed cytokines by inhibiting the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling. The anthraquinones also downregulated IL-6, IL-8, and IL-24 in the inflammatory keratinocytes stimulated with TNF. Rhein and chrysophanol were comparable to curtail the STAT3 phosphorylation in keratinocytes induced by the conditioned medium of stimulated macrophages. The IMQ-induced psoriasiform mouse model demonstrated the improvement of scaling, erythema, and epidermal hyperplasia by topically applied rhein or chrysophanol. The epidermal acanthosis evoked by IMQ was reduced with rhein and chrysophanol by 3-fold. The histological profiles exhibit that both anthraquinone compounds diminished the number of macrophages and neutrophils in the lesional skin, skin-draining lymph node, and spleen. Rhein and chrysophanol showed multifunctional inhibition, by regulating several targets for alleviating psoriasiform inflammation.
Ling YangJeffrey W. DalleyTung-Hu TsaiI-Hsin Lin...
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查看更多>>摘要：Nicotine is a highly addictive substance and harmful to the developing foetus. However, few studies have investigated the transporter mechanism responsible for regulating the transfer of nicotine across the blood-placental interface. A multiple in-vivo microdialysis system coupled to ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was developed to monitor simultaneously nicotine and cotinine in the blood, placenta, foetus, and amniotic fluid of pregnant rats. The pharmacological mechanism of nicotine transfer across the placenta was investigated by co-administering corticosterone, an inhibitor of organic cation transporters (OCTs) that partly mediate the exchange of nicotine across the placenta. The results revealed that intravenously administered nicotine (1 mg/kg) was rapidly metabolised to cotinine with a transformation ratio (AUC_cotinine/AUC_nicotine) of 0.67 ± 0.08, 0.21 ± 0.05, 0.25 ± 0.12, 0.31 ± 0.05 in maternal blood, placenta, amniotic fluid, and foetus, respectively. The tissue transformation ratios (AUC_tissue/AUC_blood) were 0.83 ± 0.16, 0.65 ± 0.17, 0.57 ± 0.13 for nicotine, and 0.25 ± 0.06, 0.24 ± 0.12, 0.26 ± 0.04 for cotinine at placenta, amniotic fluid and foetus, respectively. Following the co-administration of corticosterone (2 mg/kg), the tissue transformation ratio of nicotine was significantly reduced in the placenta but was significantly increased in the foetus. Levels of cotinine were not significantly altered by the administration of corticosterone. These findings implicate OCT in mediating the transfer of nicotine across the blood-placenta barrier. Understanding the mechanism of nicotine transfer through the placenta may inform therapeutic strategies to lessen the exposure of the developing foetus to nicotine in the maternal bloodstream.
查看更多>>摘要：This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies /article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief as panels from Figs. 1D, 2E and 4E appear similar to each other. Given the comments of Dr Elisabeth Bik regarding this article "As previously described by Christopher ..., the Western blot bands in all 400 + papers are all very regularly spaced and have a smooth appearance in the shape of a dumbbell or tadpole, without any of the usual smudges or stains", the journal requested the authors to provide the raw data. However, the authors were not able to fulfil this request.
查看更多>>摘要：This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies /article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief.Features appear similar within the panel "Hypoxia" from Figure 1B, as well as to features from the panel "Hypoxia" of Fig. 3C. Also, a section of panel "Hypoxia+pcDNA3.1" from Figure 3D appear similar to sections of the panels "Hypoxia+shNC" and "Hypoxia+sh-RMRP". A section of the "Control" panel of Figure 3D appears similar to sections of panels from Figures 5E-F of the article published by Shenfa Zhuang, Fengxian Liu and Pingping Wu in the Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 120 (2019) 13392-13402 https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.28614 and Fig. 5G of the article published by Yonghui Zhang, Jing Fang, Hongmeng Zhao, Yue Yu, Xuchen Cao and Bin Zhang in the Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 120 (2019) 5097-5107 https://doi.or g/10.1002/jcb.27786. Another section of the "Control" panel of Figure 3D appears similar to a section of the panel "miR-1469 inhibitor" from Fig. 5F of the article published by the Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 120 (2019) 5097. Given the comments of Dr Elisabeth Bik regarding this article "This paper belongs to a set of over 400 papers (as per February 2020) that share very similar Western blots with tadpole-like shaped bands, the same background pattern, and striking similarities in title structures, paper layout, bar graph design, and - in a subset - flow cytometry panels", the journal requested the authors to provide the raw data. However, the authors were not able to fulfil this request.
查看更多>>摘要：This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies /article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief as unusual similarity between the background of various Western Blots have been detected post-publication. Also, quadrants within various FACS plots appear similar to each other in Fig. 2E. Panels from Figs. 2C,D, 4C,D and 6D,E appear similar to panels from Figs. 1B,C, 2D,E, 3D,E and 5C,D of the article that Zhiliang Guo, Lanlan Li, Yu Gao, Xiaoyun Zhang and Min Cheng have published in the Arti-ficial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology 47 (2019) 2624-2633 https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2019.1629953. Although this article was published earlier than the other article, the Editor decided to retract this article given concerns about the reliability of the data.
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