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Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy
Masson Pub. USA, Inc.
Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy

Masson Pub. USA, Inc.

0753-3322

Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy/Journal Biomedicine & pharmacotherapySCIISTP
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    The influence of light on the beat rate variability of murine embryonic stem cell derived cardiomyocytes

    Matthias MatzkiesFilomain NguemoJürgen HeschelerMichael Reppel...
    1页
    查看更多>>摘要：Background: The human heart rhythm can be quantified by analyzing the heart rate variability (HRV). A major influencing factor of the HRV is the circadian rhythm. The ocular light and the hormone melatonin play decisive roles in the circadian rhythm. The beat rate variability (BRV) is considered to be the in vitro equivalent of the HRV. Previous studies have demonstrated the influence of melatonin on cardiomyocytes. Also, the influence of light on cardiomyocytes has been described before. Nevertheless, the effect of light on the BRV of cardiomyocytes has not yet been examined. Material and methods: The BRV of spontaneously beating cardiomyocytes was measured with microelectrode arrays over a time period of 30 min. The experiments were either performed with light exposure (with and without an infrared filter) or in complete darkness. Results: The BRV was higher and the beating frequency was lower when the cardiomyocytes were exposed to the full spectrum of light, compared to the measurements in darkness as well as to the measurements with an infrared filter. In contrast, the differences of BRV between the measurements in darkness and the measurements with an infrared filter were not as distinct. Conclusions: This is the first study demonstrating the influence of light on the beating rhythm of heart tissue in vitro. The results indicate that especially the infrared spectrum of light alters the BRV. These findings could be of interest for clinical applications such as the field of optical pacing as well as in neonatal patient care.
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    Association of genetic variants in the GPX1 and GPX4 genes with the activities of glutathione-dependent enzymes, their interaction with smoking and the risk of acute pancreatitis

    Milena SciskalskaHalina Milnerowicz
    1页
    查看更多>>摘要：Genetic factors and tobacco smoke exposure can be associated with an increased risk of acute pancreatitis (AP). The pathogenesis of AP is associated with intensive oxidative stress. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is one of many enzymes involved in the neutralization of free radicals. This study aimed to investigate the impact of SNP rs1 050450 in the GPX1 gene and rs713041 in the GPX4 gene on the activity of total GPx in a group of AP patients and healthy subjects. It was found that AP can contribute to decreased GPx activity (in plasma and erythrocyte lysate) accompanied by an increased glutathione reductase (GR) activity and decreased glutathione (GSH) concentration in two groups, non-smokers and smokers. A decreased GPx activity in erythrocyte lysate of AP patients compared to healthy subjects was associated with the occurrence of the CC genotype for SNP rs1050450. It was noted an increased GPx activity and decreased GR activity in erythrocytes of non-smoking AP patients with the TT genotype compared to subjects with the CC and TC genotype for SNP rs713041. However, in the group of smoking AP patients with this genotype, GR activity was elevated compared to non-smokers, which was accompanied by increased GSH concentration. These results can indicate that smoking in the course of AP can change the involvement of antioxidants in dependence on the genotype for the examined SNPs. The CC genotype for SNP rs1 050450 and the TT genotype for rs713041 increases the risk of AP recurrence, which may be associated with increased MDA concentration.
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    Pulmonary artery targeted therapy in treatment of COVID-19 related ARDS. Literature review

    Justyna KwiecienMicha? WicinskiOskar PukAleksra Nowacka...
    1页
    查看更多>>摘要：Introduction: The most grievous complication of the COVID-19 is the acute respiratory distress syndrome. A specific, rescue treatment for rapidly deteriorating patients should emerge to improve respiratory function and help patients to survive the most challenging period. Drugs used in targeted therapy of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) appears to be suitable for this task and this article describes their potential for treatment of severe cases of COVID-19. Methods: The authors reviewed the following databases for randomized controlled trials, reviews and meta-analyses published up to July 2020: Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane Database and ClinicalKey. The authors included every study contributory to the assessment of the potential of drugs used in targeted PAH therapy in treatment of COVID-19. Results: Endothelin receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, riociguat and prostacyclin have proven ani-inflammatory effect and reduce pulmonary artery blood pressure, lung oedema and remodelling. Bosentan shows antiviral properties and sildenafil, as well as epoprostenol, inhibits apoptosis of lung epithelial cells. Among patients with lung lesions the decrease of pulmonary blood pressure can lead to increase of ventilation/ perfusion mismatch and decrease of blood oxygenation. Conclusions: Among all assessed drugs bosentan, sildenafil and epoprostenol appear to be most promising and a combination of these drugs should be considered due to synergism. The targeted PAH therapy in treatment of COVID-19 associated ARDS could be a useful tool saving lives of patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, however, its introduction should be investigated and monitored very carefully as it can lead to transient deterioration of patient condition.
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    Neural crest-derived cells possess differentiation potential to keratinocytes in the process of wound healing

    Hideomi TakizawaMasahiro ChataniMegumi IkedaNobuhiro Sakai...
    1页
    查看更多>>摘要：Neural crest-derived cells (NCDCs), which exist as neural crest cells during the fetal stage and differentiate into palate cells, also exist in adult palate tissues, though with unknown roles. In the present study, NCDCs were labeled with EGFP derived from P0-Cre/CAG-CAT-EGFP (P0-EGFP) double transgenic mice, then their function in palate mucosa wound healing was analyzed. As a palate wound healing model, left-side palate mucosa of P0-EGFP mice was resected, and stem cell markers and keratinocyte markers were detected in healed areas. NCDCs were extracted from normal palate mucosa and precultured with stem cell media for 14 days, then were differentiated into keratinocytes or osteoblasts to analyze pluripotency. The wound healing process started with marginal mucosal regeneration on day two and the entire wound area was lined by regenerated mucosa with EGFP-positive cells (NCDCs) on day 28. EGFP-positive cells comprised approximately 60% of cells in healed oral mucosa, and 65% of those expressed stem cell markers (Sca-1~+, PDGFRα~+) and 30% expressed a keratinocyte marker (CK13~+). In tests of cultured palate mucosa cells, approximately 70% of EGFP-positive cells expressed stem cell markers (Sca-1~+, PDGFRα~+). Furthermore, under differentiation inducing conditions, cultured EGFP-positive cells were successfully induced to differentiate into keratinocytes and osteoblasts. We concluded that NCDCs exist in adult palate tissues as stem cells and have potential to differentiate into various cell types during the wound healing process.
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    Isoliquiritigenin prevents Doxorubicin-induced hepatic damage in rats by upregulating and activating SIRT1

    Wahidah H. Al-QahtaniGhedeir M. AlshammariAmani Y. Al-ZahraniAishah Alzuwaydi...
    1页
    查看更多>>摘要：This study evaluated if the hepatic protective effect of Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) against doxorubicin (DOX)-treated rats involves upregulating sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) signaling. Adult male was divides into 5 groups (n = 6 rats/each) as control (vehicle), ISL (25 mg/kg), DOX (15 mg/kg), DOX + ISL, and DOX + ISL + EX-527 (a SIRT1 inhibitor, 5 mg/kg). ISL and EX-527 were administered 10 days before and after the single treatment of DOX. Also, cultured AML-12 hepatocytes (5 x10~4) were treated with 10 μM of ISL for 24 h with or without DOX-treatments (10 μM) and in the presence or absence of EX-527 (5 μM). ISL prevented hepatocyte damage and decreased serum levels of hepatic transaminases, hepatic levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and hepatic mRNA levels of Bax and caspases-3,8, and 9. In the liver of the control and DOX-treated rats, ISL reduced levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) but increased hepatic levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase, as well as mRNA levels of Bcl2. In vitro, ISL stimulated cell survival and lowered levels of ROS but increased GSH levels. In vivo and in vitro, in the livers of control and DOX-treated animals, ISL significantly increased the nuclear activity and mRNA levels of SIRT1, enhanced the nuclear levels of Nrf2, and reduced nuclear levels of NF-κB p65. In conclusion, ISL alleviates DOX-induced hepatocyte toxicity by stimulating the Nrf2/antioxidants axis and concomitant suppression of NF-κB, mainly by upregulating/activating SIRT1.
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    The Potential Use of Propolis as a Primary or an Adjunctive Therapy in Respiratory Tract-Related Diseases and Disorders: A Systematic Scoping Review

    Felix ZulhendriConrad O. PereraSteven TeanRizky Abdulah...
    1页
    查看更多>>摘要：Propolis is a resinous beehive product that is collected by the bees from plant resin and exudates, to protect and maintain hive homeostasis. Propolis has been used by humans therapeutically to treat many ailments including respiratory tract-related diseases and disorders. The aim of the present systematic scoping review is to evaluate the experimental evidence to support the use of propolis as a primary or an adjunctive therapy in respiratory tract-related diseases and disorders. After applying the exclusion criteria, 158 research publications were retrieved and identified from Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed, and Google Scholar. The key themes of the included studies were pathogenic infection-related diseases and disorders, inflammation-related disorders, lung cancers, and adverse effects. Furthermore, the potential molecular and biochemical mechanisms of action of propolis in alleviating respiratory tract-related diseases and disorders are discussed. In conclusion, the therapeutic benefits of propolis have been demonstrated by various in vitro studies, in silico studies, animal models, and human clinical trials. Based on the weight and robustness of the available experimental and clinical evidence, propolis is effective, either as a primary or an adjunctive therapy, in treating respiratory tract-related diseases.
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    MiR-125b downregulates macrophage scavenger receptor type B1 and reverse cholesterol transport

    Miguel HuesoRaquel GririanAdrian MallenEstanislao Navarro...
    1页
    查看更多>>摘要：Objective: To determine whether miR-125b regulates cholesterol efflux in vivo and in vitro through the regulation of scavenger receptor type B1 (SR-B1). Approach and results: We demonstrated that miR-125b is up-regulated in the human aortas of patients with CAD and is located in macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We identified SCARB1 as a direct target of miR-125b by repressing the activity of the SCARB1 3'-untranslated region reporter construct. Moreover, the overexpression of miR-125b in both human and mouse macrophages as well as VSMCs was found to downregulated the expression of the SCARB1 and the SR-B1 protein levels, thereby impairing α-HDL-mediated macrophage cholesterol efflux in vitro. The in vivo reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) rate from non-cholesterol-loaded macrophages transfected with miR-125b to feces was also found to be decreased when compared with that of control mimic-transfected macrophages. Conclusions: Together, these results provide evidence that miR-125b downregulates SCARB1 and SR-B1 in both human and mouse macrophages as well as VSMCs, thereby impairing macrophage cholesterol efflux in vitro and the whole macrophage-specific RCT pathway in vivo.
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    Predicting sulforaphane-induced adverse effects in colon cancer patients via in silico investigation

    Marijana CurcicBiljana AntonijevicAleksra Buha DjordjevicZorica Bulat...
    1页
    查看更多>>摘要：Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant global health burden that ranks as the third most diagnosed and second most common cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. New therapeutic strategies include chemoprevention and use of molecules which could prevent, suppress or reverse CRC progression such as sulforaphane (SFN). However, evidences about its safety in CRC patients are still lacking. The aim of this in silico investigation was to predict SFN-induced adverse effects in CRC patients by computational analysis. The study showed that 334 genes were consistently dysregulated in CRC (223 downregulated and 111 upregulated), while 38 were recognized as significant and might be used as predictive biomarkers for overall survival and metastasis (TCGA, GEO, R studio). Among them, SFN interacted with 86 genes, out of which 11 were marked as significant (correlate with overall prognosis and metastasis). Sulforaphane potentiates the overexpression of TIMP1, AURKA, and CEP55, and promotes inhibition of CRYAB, PLCE1, and MMP28, that might lead to the progression of CRC (CTD). Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that SFN stimulated Transcriptional activation of RUNX2, AURKA activation by TPX2, IL-10 signaling, while inhibited Differentiation of White and Brown Adipocyte process, an underlying pathway which inactivation led to obesity (Cytoscape ClueGo -+- CluePedia, DAVID). Thus, genome signature of CRC patients could serve as important factor when addressing the risk-to-benefit profile of SFN. Patients with colon cancer and increased expression of TIMP1, CCL20, SPP1, AURKA, CEP55, NEK2, SOX9 and CDK1, or downregulation of CRYAB, PLCE1, MMP28, BMP2 and PLAC8 may not be ideal candidates for SFN chemoprevention.
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    Baicalin; a promising chemopreventive agent, enhances the antitumor effect of 5-FU against breast cancer and inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis in Ehrlich solid tumor

    Nisreen H. ShehattaTarek M. OkdaGamal A. OmranMohammad M. Abd-Alhaseeb...
    1页
    查看更多>>摘要：Despite considerable advances in cancer treatment, chemotherapy remains a cornerstone in breast cancer therapy. Therefore, reducing chemoresistance and adverse effects of chemotherapy is a priority. In this regard, Baicalin (BA) is the dominant natural flavonoid extracted from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis showed fascinating antitumor activity in many types of cancers, including breast cancer. The present study aimed to explore the chemopreventive and antitumor action of baicalin alone and in combination with 5-FU in addition to its ability to enhance the antitumor effect of 5-FU on breast cancer using the Ehrlich solid tumor-mice model. Materials and methods: A total of 70 female mice were divided into seven groups (1st group, saline group; 2nd group, DMSO group; 3rd group, BA+EST group; 4th group, EST group; 5th group, EST+5-FU; 6th group, EST+BA group; 7th group, EST+5-FU+BA).tumors were assessed by weight and histopathological examination. Inflammation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis were examined by ELISA, qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemical examinations. Results: showed that pre-treatment with baicalin and treatment with baicalin and/or 5-FU significantly reduced inflammation and angiogenesis indicated by suppression of NF-kB/ IL-1β and VEGF amplification loop with marked elevation in apoptosis indicated by up-regulation of apoptotic caspase-3, pro-apoptotic p53, Bax and downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. Conclusion: BA is a promising preventive or adjuvant therapy in breast cancer treatment with 5-FU mainly via cooperative inhibition of inflammation, angiogenesis, and triggering apoptotic cell death.
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    Dysregulated expression and functions of microRNA-330 in cancers: A potential therapeutic target

    Abdollah JafarzadehMohammad Hossein PaknahadMaryam NematiSara Jafarzadeh...
    1页
    查看更多>>摘要：As small non-coding RNAs, MicroRNAs (miRNAs) bind to the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of mRNA targets to control gene transcription and translation. The gene of miR-330 has two miRNA products, including miR-330-3p and miR-330-5p, which exhibit anti-tumorigenesis and/or pro-tumorigenesis effects in many kinds of malignancies. In cancers, miR-330-3p and miR-330-5p aberrant expression can influence many malignancy-related processes such as cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, as well as angiogenesis and responsiveness to treatment. In many cancer types (such as lung, prostate, gastric, breast, bladder, ovarian, colorectal, and pancreatic cancer, and osteosarcoma), miR-330-5p acts as an anti-tumor agent. These cancers have low levels of miR-330-5p that leads to the upregulation of the tumor promotor target genes leading to tumor progression. Here, overexpression of miR-330-5p using miRNA inducers can prevent tumor development. Dual roles of miR-330-5p have been also indicated in the thyroid, liver and cervical cancers. Moreover, miR-330-3p exhibits pro-tumorigenesis effects in lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, osteosarcoma, bladder cancer, and cervical cancer. Here, downregulation of miR-330-3p using miRNA inhibitors can prevent tumor development. Demonstrated in breast and liver cancers, miR-330-3p also has dual roles. Importantly, the activities of miR-330-3p and/or miR-330-5p are regulated by upstream regulators long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), including circular and linear lncRNAs. This review comprehensively explained miR-330-3p and miR-330-5p role in development of cancers, while highlighting their downstream target genes and upstream regulators as well as possible therapeutic strategies.
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