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Placenta
Bailliere Tindall
Placenta

Bailliere Tindall

0143-4004

Placenta/Journal PlacentaSCIISTP
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    A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 12 (ADAM12) is reduced at 36 weeks' gestation in pregnancies destined to deliver small for gestational age infants

    Andres, FaithWong, Georgia P.Walker, Susan P.MacDonald, Teresa M....
    4页
    查看更多>>摘要：First trimester circulating ADAM12 is reduced in fetal growth restriction (FGR) and preeclampsia. We measured plasma ADAM12 at 36 weeks' gestation preceding diagnosis of term preeclampsia or delivery of a small for gestational age (SGA; birthweight <10th centile) infant in two independent cohorts (Cohort 1 90 SGA, 41 preeclampsia, 862 controls; Cohort 2121 SGA 23 preeclampsia; 190 controls). ADAM12 was reduced with SGA in both cohorts (p = 0.0015 and 0.011 respectively), and further reduced with birthweight <5th centile (p = 0.0013 and 0.0058 respectively). This validates ADAM12 as an SGA biomarker near term. Circulating ADAM12 preceding preeclampsia was not consistently altered.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    New insights into human functional ultrasound imaging

    Bertholdt, C.Dap, M.Beaumont, M.Duan, J....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Ultrasound imaging is a vital tool for exploring in vivo the placental function which is essential to understand pathological phenomena such as preeclampsia or intrauterine growth restriction. As technology advances including ready availability of three-dimensional (3D) probes and novel software, new markers of placental function become possible. The objective of this review was to provide an overview of the new ultrasound markers of placental function with a focus on the potential clinical application of three-dimensional power Doppler (3DPD). A broad-free text literature search was undertaken based on human placental studies and sixty full-text studies were included in this review. Three-dimensional power Doppler is a promising technique to predict preeclampsia in the first trimester. However, the influence of external factors such as body mass index, parameter standardisation and machine settings still need to be addressed. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound is currently reserved for research, because the required injected contrast mediums are not currently approved for use in pregnancy, although the safety data is reassuring.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Whole transcriptome analysis of trophoblasts under hypoxia

    Sun, JintangSong, BingfengBan, YanliMa, Chao...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Introduction: A physiological hypoxia environment exists at maternal-fetal interface during early pregnancy. In addition, there is a pathological hypoxic microenvironment in patients with preeclampsia. Therefore, investi-gating the hypoxic adaptation and the effects of hypoxia on trophoblasts transcriptome is helpful to better un-derstand the function and regulatory mechanism of trophoblasts at the maternal-fetal interface. Methods: Trophoblast cell line HTR-8/SVneo was cultured under normoxia and hypoxia for 24 h, the full tran-scriptome was analyzed via RNA-Seq. GO and KEGG enrichment were performed on differentially expressed mRNA, adjacent genes of differentially expressed lncRNA, host genes of differentially expressed circRNA and target genes of differential expressed miRNA. Results: The results showed that hypoxia differentially regulated 373 mRNAs, 334 lncRNAs, 71 circRNAs and 33 miRNAs. GO and KEGG enrichment showed that hypoxia negatively regulated TLR3 and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. Consistently, we found hypoxia significantly inhibited TLR3 agonist-induced cytokines expression and the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR. Discussion: Our study obtained the full transcriptome data and potential regulatory network of trophoblasts under hypoxia, providing supportive data for revealing the function of trophoblasts.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The risk factors associated with placenta previa: An umbrella review

    Jenabi, EnsiyehSalimi, ZohrehBashirian, SaeidKhazaei, Salman...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：We evaluated in this umbrella review a systematic collection from meta-analyses conducted on risk factors associated with placenta previa. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science until April 2021 assessing the risk factors associated with placenta previa. We calculated summary effect estimates odds ratio, relative risk, 95% CI, heterogeneity I-2, 95% prediction interval, small-study effects, excess significance biases, and sensitive analysis. The quality of the meta-analyses was evaluated with AMSTAR 2. We included nine studies in the present umbrella review. Seven risk factors including prior induced abortion (OR 1.36, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.69), prior spontaneous abortion (OR 1.77, 95% CI: 1.60, 1.94), male fetus (OR 1.2, 95% CI: 1.2, 1.3), smoking (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.30, 1.54) (RR 1.27, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.35) advanced maternal age (OR 3.16, 95% CI: 2.79, 3.57), cesarean (OR 1.60, 95% CI: 1.44, 1.76) and ART (singleton pregnancy) (RR 3.71, 95% CI: 2.67, 5.16) were graded as highly suggestive evidence (class III). Endometriosis (OR 3.03, 95% CI: 1.50, 6.13) and maternal cocaine use (OR 2.9, 95% CI: 1.9, 4.3) were graded as risk factors with weak evidence (class IV). This study provides suggestive evidence about prior spontaneous abortion, prior induced abortion, male fetus, smoking, advanced maternal age, cesarean section, and assisted reproductive techniques (singleton pregnancy) as risk factors associated with placenta previa.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Decidua basalis and acute atherosis: Expression of atherosclerotic foam cell associated proteins (vol 107, pg 1, 2021)

    Staff, Anne CathrineSugulle, MeryamFosheim, Ingrid KnutsdotterJohnsen, Guro Mork...
    1页
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    p Visual assessment of the placenta in antenatal magnetic resonance imaging across gestation in normal and compromised pregnancies: Observations from a large cohort study

    Ho, AlisonChappell, Lucy C.Story, LisaAl-Adnani, Mudher...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Introduction: Visual assessment of the placenta in antenatal magnetic resonance imaging is important to confirm healthy appearances or to identify pathology complicating fetal anomaly or maternal disease. Methods: We assessed the placenta in a large cohort of 228 women with low and high risk pregnancies across gestation. All women gave written informed consent and were imaged using either a 3T Philips Achieva or 1.5T Philips Ingenia scanner. Images were acquired with a T2-weighted single shot turbo spin echo sequence of the whole uterus (thereby including placenta) for anatomical information. Results: A structured approach to visual assessment of the placenta on T2-weighted imaging has been provided including determination of key anatomical landmarks to aid orientation, placental shape, signal intensity, lobularity and granularity. Transient factors affecting imaging are shown including the effect of fetal movement, gross fetal motion and contractions. Placental appearances across gestation in low risk pregnancies are shown and compared to pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia and chronic hypertension. The utility of other magnetic resonance techniques (T2* mapping as an indirect marker for quantifying oxygenation) and histological assessment alongside visual assessment of placental T2-weighted imaging are demonstrated. Discussion: A systematic approach with qualitative descriptors for placental visual assessment using T2-weighted imaging allows confirmation of normal placental development and can detect placental abnormalities in pregnancy complications. T2-weighted imaging can be visually assessed alongside functional imaging (such as T2* maps) in order to further probe the visual characteristics seen.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The effects of exercise during pregnancy on placental composition: A systematic review and meta-analysis

    Kubler, Jade M.Clifton, Vicki L.Moholdt, TrineBeetham, Kassia S....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Introduction: Morphological changes to the placenta occur as the demands of the foetus increase throughout gestation. Physical activity during pregnancy is known to benefit both the mother and infant, however the impact of antenatal exercise training on placental development is less known. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of exercise training during pregnancy on measures of placental composition. Methods: Six electronic databases were searched from inception to June 2021 for studies comparing regular antenatal exercise with either usual maternal care or no exercise for its effect on measures of placental morphological composition. Meta-analyses were performed for placental weight and the placental weight to birthweight (PWBW) ratio. Results: Seven randomised controlled trials and two cohort studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis (n = 9). There was no significant difference in placental weight (mean difference (MD) = -9.07g, p = 0.42) or the PWBW ratio (MD = 0.00, p = 0.32) between exercise and control groups. Parenchymal tissue volume was higher, represented by an increase in villous tissue, and non-parenchymal volume was lower in women who exercised regularly compared to those that were not exercising during pregnancy. Discussion: Exercise training during pregnancy may not alter placental weight or the PWBW ratio. However, findings from this review indicate that antenatal exercise training can promote advantageous morphological changes to placental tissues.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Placental deficiency during maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection

    Celik, EbruVatansever, CanselOzcan, GulinKapucuoglu, Nilgun...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Introduction: Maternal anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike antibodies can cross the placenta during pregnancy, and neonates born to infected mothers have acquired antibodies at birth. Few studies reported data on the histopathological changes of the placenta during infection and placental infection. SARS-CoV-2 infection may cause impaired development of the placenta, thus predisposing maternal and fetal unfavorable outcomes. The prospective study aims to evaluate the risk of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and placental passage of anti-Spike antibodies as well as the impact of clinical severity on placental structures. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study on 30 pregnant women infected by SARS-CoV-2 with their neonates. The demographic features and pregnancy outcomes were collected. Gross and microscopic examinations of the placentas were done. Maternal and umbilical cord sera were obtained at the time of delivery. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from neonates immediately after birth. Results: The concentrations of total anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike antibodies were higher in pregnant women with moderate to severe/critical disease. The maternal total anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike levels were correlated with those of neonatal levels. The rate of placental abnormalities is high in the mothers with severe disease, and those with positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM. All neonates had negative nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS- CoV-2 infections and all placentas were negative in immunohistochemical staining for Spike protein. Discussion: The maternally derived anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike antibody can transmit to neonates born to infected mothers regardless of gestational age. Our results indicated that the disease severity is associated with ischemic placental pathology which may result in adverse pregnancy outcomes.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Folding of the syncytiotrophoblast basal plasma membrane increases the surface area available for exchange in human placenta

    Tashev, Stanimir A.Parsons, DaisyHillman, CameronHarris, Shelley...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Introduction: The placental syncytiotrophoblast is the primary barrier between the mother and the fetus. To cross the placenta, nutrients and wastes must be transported across the apical microvillous and basal plasma membranes. While the syncytiotrophoblast basal plasma membrane is typically represented as relatively smooth, it has been shown to have invaginations that may increase its surface area. This study aimed to quantify how folding of the syncytiotrophoblast basal membrane contributes to its surface area and to visualise threedimensional structures of the basal membrane and cytotrophoblast cell structures. Methods: Transmission electron microscope images of human term placenta were analysed using stereological approaches to quantify how folding of the syncytiotrophoblast basal plasma membrane affected surface area. Serial block-face scanning electron microscopy was used to visualise the three-dimensional structure of the syncytiotrophoblast basal membrane and cytotrophoblast cells. Results: Syncytiotrophoblast basal membrane covered 69.1% of the basal lamina, with cytotrophoblast cells covering the remaining 30.9%. In basal lamina adjacent to syncytiotrophoblast, 34% was adjacent to smooth basal membrane and 66% to folded basal membrane. Syncytiotrophoblast basal membrane folds increased the surface area adjacent to basal lamina by 305%. Including regions overlying the cytotrophoblast cells, basal membrane folds increased syncytiotrophoblast basal membrane surface area by 4.4-fold relative to the basal lamina in terminal villi. Terminal and intermediate villi were similar in terms of trophoblast coverage of the basal lamina and basal membrane folding. The three-dimensional structures of the syncytiotrophoblast basal plasma membrane and cytotrophoblast cells were generated from serial block-face scanning electron microscopy image stacks. Discussion: These findings indicate that the surface area of the syncytiotrophoblast basal plasma membrane is far larger than had been appreciated. We suggest that these folds increase the surface area available for transport to and from the fetus. Changes in the extent of basal membrane folding could affect nutrient transfer capacity and underlie pathological fetal growth, including fetal growth restriction and macrosomia.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Gene expression of leptin, leptin receptor isoforms and inflammatory cytokines in placentas of obese women-Associations to birth weight and fetal sex

    Allbrand, MarianneEklund, DanielCao, YangNilsson, Kerstin...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Introduction: Leptin signaling in placentas of obese women may influence fetal growth and may be dependent on fetal sex. The aim of this study was to investigate placental gene expression of leptin, its receptor and inflammatory cytokines in obese mothers in relation to offspring birth weight and sex. Methods: In total, 109 placental tissue samples from severely obese women (body mass index in first trimester >= 35 kg/m2) giving birth vaginally at term to a healthy child were included. Quantitative real-time PCR was used for the analysis of leptin (LEP), its receptor LEPR with two splice variants, interleukin (IL)1B, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8 (CXCL8), tumour necrosis factor (TNF), IL6, IL10, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A) and insulin receptor (INSR). The subjects were divided into three groups based on LEP expression percentiles (<25th percentile; 25-75th percentile and >75th percentile). Results: A reverse U-shaped association between LEP expression and birth weight z-scores was found (R2 = 0.075, p = 0.005). Placental LEPRb expression was downregulated (p = 0.034) in those with highest LEP expression. Female infants had higher birth weight z-scores than males (0.58 (- 1.49-2.88) vs 0.21 (- 1.50-2.93), p = 0.020) and their placental LEPRb expression was upregulated (p = 0.047). The associations between expression of different genes differed by sex. Discussion: A reverse U-shaped relationship between placental LEP expression and offspring birth weight z-scores was found together with sexual dimorphism in LEPRb expression indicating a complex regulation of fetal growth by placental leptin signaling in maternal obesity.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier