Kaye, S. L.Zammit, B. B.Mason-Bertrand, A.Perkins, R....
6页
查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: This study investigated how adults in the United Kingdom perceived their arts and cultural engagement to facilitate social connectedness over two phases in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Study design: The study used the HEartS Survey, a newly designed online survey tool to capture arts engagement in the United Kingdom and its associations with social and mental well-being, over two phases in 2020: March to May (Phase 1) and October (Phase 2). Methods: Qualitative data were provided at both phases by 581 respondents, who identified which arts and cultural activity they felt most connected them to others and how during the last month. Results: Thematic analysis revealed that, at both phases, arts and cultural engagement was perceived to facilitate social connectedness through four pathways that were also identified prepandemic: social opportunities, sharing, feelings of commonality and belonging and collective understanding. The sub-themes shed light on specific ways that respondents used the arts during the pandemic to connect with others, including using the arts: as a catalyst for conversations, to maintain, reinstate or strengthen relationships during social distancing and to facilitate social interactions (Theme 1); to bring people together through shared experiences and sharing of art (Theme 2); to elicit feelings of direct and indirect proximity to others, to connect people with common interests, to feel a sense of belonging to something and to feel part of a collective 'COVID-19 experience' or to feel collectively distracted from the pandemic (Theme 3); and to learn from and about other people and to relate to others (Theme 4). The activity most frequently cited as connecting was watching a film or drama, followed by listening to recorded music. Conclusions: Engagement in arts and cultural activities supported feelings of social connection among adults in the United Kingdom over two phases in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the importance of access to the arts and culture to support social connectedness.
查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: This study aimed to explore the socio-economic inequalities in physical activity (PA) based on domains of daily life, such as work, transport, recreation and sedentary life, among Japanese adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study design: This was a cross-sectional study. Methods: This study used data from the 2020 National Sport and Lifestyle Survey, conducted by the Sasakawa Sports Foundation. Data of 2,296 (1,103 women) participants were analysed. PAs were assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Educational level and household income were used as indicators of socio-economic status. We calculated the slope index of inequality (SII) and relative index of inequality (RII). Results: We detected absolute and relative inequalities for household income in all PA domains, except for work-related PA. The higher the participants' income, the longer they engaged in transport-and recreation-related PA and sedentary behaviour. Recreation-related PA had a larger disparity than other domains, with SII at 20.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]-28.4 to-13.1) and RII at 0.58 (95% CI 0.47-0.71). At the educational level, each inequality was observed in work-and recreation-related PA and sedentary behaviour. The higher the participants' educational level, the longer they engaged in recreation-related PA and sedentary behaviour. However, work-related PA was longer at lower educational levels, with RII at 1.90 (95% CI 1.48-2.4 4). The inequality in recreation-related PA was also relatively large (SII 23.3%, 95% CI-30.9 to-15.7; RII 0.54, 95% CI 0.45-0.66). Conclusion: Our study revealed significant socio-economic disparities in each PA domain, particularly in recreational PA. These results suggest a widening gap because of the COVID-19 pandemic. (c) 2022 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: Vaccination is one of the most effective measures to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. The main reason for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination hesitancy is the potential side-effects. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in patients who received SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Study design: This was a retrospective cohort study. Methods: Individuals aged >18 years who received an initial vaccination for COVID-19 in one of 1134 general practices in Germany between April and June 2021 were included in the study. Vaccinated patients were matched to unvaccinated individuals by age, sex, index month (April to June 2020 [unvaccinated cohort] or April to June 2021 [vaccinated cohort]) and diagnoses that may be associated with an increased incidence of thrombosis documented within 12 months before the index date. The incidences of thrombosis and non-fatal pulmonary embolism as a function of COVID-19 vaccination were analysed. Results: The present study included 326,833 individuals who were vaccinated against COVID-19 and 326,833 matched unvaccinated individuals. During the follow-up period, 406 vaccinated patients and 342 individuals in the control group received a diagnosis of thrombosis or non-fatal pulmonary embolism. This resulted in an incidence rate of 11.9 vs 11.3 cases per 1000 patient-years for vaccinated vs unvaccinated individuals, respectively, and a non-significant overall incidence rate ratio (IRR: 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.93-1.22). The highest IRR was observed in the 41-60 years age group (IRR: 1.30; 95% CI: 0.98-1.73), and the lowest IRR was seen in the 18-40 years age group (IRR: 0.6; 95% CI: 0.0-1.05); however, none of the individual age group incidence rates was significant. Conclusions: The results indicate that the occurrence of thrombosis or pulmonary embolism after COVID19 vaccination is a coincidental finding rather than a consequence of vaccination. ?? 2022 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
查看更多>>摘要：Objective: Our aim was to examine the willingness to pay (WTP) for SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests and its correlates during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Study design/Methods: A representative online survey was conducted in late summer 2021 (with n 1/4 3075; the average age was 44.5 years; 14.8 years ranging from 18 to 70 years) in Germany. Two-part models were conducted. Various correlates (such as empathy or altruism) were included in the regression analysis. Results: The average WTP for SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests (in euros) was 6.6 (standard deviation 8.4) in the general adult population. It markedly differed between subgroups (e.g. the average WTP was 2.9 among individuals not vaccinated against COVID-19 and 7.5 among individuals vaccinated against COVID-19; it was 5.4 among the lowest income decile, whereas it was 8.6 among the highest income decile). Regressions showed that a higher WTP for SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests was associated with being male, being in the highest income group, being vaccinated against COVID-19, and having higher levels of empathy. Conclusions: As the very first study in this area, our study described WTP for SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests and some interesting differences between population subgroups. In particular, individuals not vaccinated against COVID-19 reported a low WTP for SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests. Approximately one-fourth of the sample reported a WTP for SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests of V0 among individuals vaccinated against COVID-19, whereas approximately two-thirds of those not vaccinated against COVID19 reported such a WTP. Knowledge about the WTP for COVID-19 rapid antigen tests is important for policy makers (e.g. for testing strategies) during this pandemic. It may also give a rough estimation of the acceptance of such rapid tests. (c) 2022 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore concerns and coping mechanisms during the first national COVID-19 lockdown in Portugal. The general population provided statements via an open comment box as part of an online prospective study. Study design: This was an Internet-based open cohort study. Methods: Individuals aged >16 years were eligible to participate in this study. Inductive content analysis was performed on completed questionnaires submitted between 23 and 29 March 2020 and 27 April and 3 May 2020 (corresponding with the early and late phases of the first national lockdown, respectively). Results: Data suggest the prominence of behavioural and emotional responses to COVID-19; namely, self compliance with measures promoted by the government; adopting practices of self-care and supporting/ protecting others; and enacting hope (both currently and for the future). Concerns were related to the perception of vulnerabilities for oneself, family and others and to challenging situations presenting in society (e.g. physical and mental health, academic/professional careers, income, social inequality, potential discrimination and stigmatisation, inconsistent information and negative approach to the news), coupled with criticism, scepticism or doubts about government policy and performance of the healthcare system. Expressions of fear and worry and non-compliance with mitigation measures by others (e.g. close relatives, employees and general population) emerged as additional concerns. Conclusions: Continuous assessment of behavioural and emotional responses to the COVID-19 pandemic is needed to support effective communication and public health policies that are sensitive to the concerns, motivations and expectations of the population. Awareness of changing public opinions enables governments to continue to effectively mobilise the population to take recommended actions to reduce the transmission of COVID-19. (c) 2022 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Revollo-Fernandez, DanielRodriguez-Tapia, L.Medina-Rivas, C.Morales-Novelo, J. A....
3页
查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: This study aimed to identify and quantify the role that social and economic determinants play in the probability of dying from COVID-19, in the case of Mexico. Study design: This was a cross-sectional study based on secondary data. Methods: In this study, COVID-19 contagion and mortality data were used, as well as socio-economic variables, from public databases and open access, with which an econometric model was estimated. Results: It shows that the number of deaths can rise when variables related to vulnerable groups increase, such as poverty, lack of services, gender, and age. In addition, having pre-existing medical conditions or lacking access to water can be a significant factor in the increase in deaths. Conclusions: Therefore, this study suggests more policies be developed for vulnerable groups to reduce gaps in inequality, particularly given the current situation in which greater inequality can exacerbate the impact of a disease or an unforeseen situation, as is the case of COVID-19. (c) 2022 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: Despite the potential for COVID-19 vaccination to prevent severe disease and death, vaccine hesitancy is common in the United States, with more than a quarter of eligible Americans yet to receive the first dose. We draw on existing published studies on COVID-19 vaccine attitudes to estimate the overall prevalence of vaccine hesitancy and assess how it varies across demographic groups. Study design: A systematic literature search was conducted to identify and meta-analyze relevant studies, which examined vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in the context of the COVID-19 vaccine. Methods: We meta-analyzed the prevalence rate of vaccine acceptance across all participants as well as for specific demographic subgroups. To assess time effects, we coded each study for the month during which data were collected and subjected the meta-analytic data to a regression analysis. To assess the magnitude of differences between demographic subgroups, we conducted a separate meta-analysis of odds ratios. Results: Across the 46 samples, an average of 61% of participants indicated they were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. The biggest demographic differences were found for race and political affiliation, with Black respondents and Republicans reporting significantly higher vaccine hesitancy than White respondents and Democrats. Conclusions: These results inform current vaccination efforts by identifying the groups that are least likely to get vaccinated and supporting the need for tailored vaccine strategies to alleviate the concerns specific to those populations. Comparing intentions to vaccinate with actual vaccination rates, vaccine hesitancy appears to have declined considerably among women and Black Americans. ?? 2022 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Lau, Bobo Hi PoYuen, Samson Wai HeiYue, Ricci Pak HongGrepin, Karen A....
7页
查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: Vaccination is considered to be an important public health strategy for controlling the COVID19 pandemic. Besides subjective evaluations of the vaccine and the health threat, societal factors have been seen as crucial to vaccination decisions. Based on a socioecological perspective, this study examines the role of societal factors in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Hong Kong. Study design and method: An online survey was fielded between 25 and 28 June 2021, collecting 2753 complete responses. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted to examine how subjective evaluations of the vaccine (summarised by the 5C model - Confidence, Collective responsibility, Constraints, Complacency and Calculation), threat perception, interpersonal influences and institutional trust contribute to explaining three types of decision - acceptant (vaccinated, scheduled or indicated ???Yes???), hesitant (unvaccinated and indicated ???Maybe??? on intention) and resistant (unvaccinated and indicated ???No???). Results: A total of 43.2%, 21.7% and 35.1% of respondents were acceptant, hesitant and resistant. Although the 5C model remained useful in explaining vaccination decisions, respondents were heavily influenced by the decisions of their family, although they were less influenced by friends. Second, respondents tended to accept the vaccine when they had a weaker perception that the act is supportive of the government and were less resistant if they had stronger institutional trust. Conclusion: Under the low-incidence and low-trust environment such as Hong Kong, vaccination decisions are heavily influenced by family's decision and the perception of vaccination as socially and politically desirable. Our findings highlight the importance of a nuanced conception of interpersonal and political influence towards vaccine acceptance/hesitancy. ?? 2022 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: Patients' adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) varies substantially. Although some countries, such as Estonia and Denmark, are sufficiently advanced in terms of EHR generalisation, others, such as France, are figuring out how to implement and disseminate EHRs. These governments must respond to patients' disparities to achieve the expected performance for healthcare systems and improve the quality of care delivery. This study investigates patients' perceived benefits and privacy concerns related to EHRs to develop a typology of patients, identify the characteristics of different clusters and propose practical measures for public policy-makers. Study design: We conducted a cross-sectional study using online questionnaires. Methods: An online quantitative survey was carried out in France. The final sample of EHR non-users (N = 1076) was fitted to be representative of the French population by age and gender, region and socioprofessional status. Hierarchical and non-hierarchical cluster analyses were performed. Several robustness check analyses were also performed. Results: Cluster analyses identified four patient clusters: the worried, who show the highest mean privacy concern and risk levels related to health data disclosure; the ready adopters, who lack privacy concerns and risk and are the most motivated by EHR benefits; the concerned adopters, who express far fewer privacy concerns and perceive EHR benefits more favourably than the worried adopters; and the balanced adopters, who are relatively similar to the ready adopters in their EHR motives and are still concerned about their health data, suggesting a segment that is easier to convince. Comparing clusters regarding the intentions to create EHRs and willingness to disclose health data confirms that ready adopters, followed by balanced adopters, are more likely to create an EHR and disclose health data. The concerned adopters and, finally, the worried exhibit the lowest intentions for EHR creation and data disclosure. Conclusions: The results provide meaningful insights into patient profiles and expectations. The findings underscore the need to implement targeting policies for each cluster and design concrete solutions for improving EHR performance. (C) 2022 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: Most SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence studies have focussed on adults and high-risk populations, and little is known about young adults. The objective of the present study was to provide evidence on the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among young adults in Germany and to explore determinants associated with seropositivity in general and, specifically, with previously undetected infections. Study design: This was a population-based SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence study. Methods: In November 2020, a population-based study on SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in young adults (aged 18-30 years) was conducted in a large German city. Serum samples were obtained to analyse the SARS-CoV-2 antibody status using the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay. Descriptive statistics and odds ratios (ORs) of seropositivity and of previously undetected infections in relation to different determinants were calculated. Results: Among 2186 participants, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 72 individuals, equalling a test performance-adjusted seroprevalence of 3.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.4-4.0). Based on reported COVID-19 cases to the public health authority, a moderate underascertainment rate of 1.7 was calculated. Seropositivity was higher among individuals who sought COVID-19-related information from social media (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.2-3.1), and undetected COVID-19 infections were more prevalent among men and those not adhering to social distancing. Conclusions: The results show a substantial underascertainment of SARS-CoV-2 infections among young adults and indicate that seroprevalence is likely to be much higher than the reported COVID-19 prevalence based on confirmed COVID-19 cases in Germany. Preventive efforts should consider the heterogeneity of risk profiles among the young adult population. ?? 2022 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
NSTL
Elsevier