首页期刊导航|Public health
期刊信息/Journal information
Public health
Elsevier
Public health

Elsevier

0033-3506

Public health/Journal Public healthSCIAHCISSCIISSHP
正式出版
收录年代

    COVID-19 vaccination acceptability in the UK at the start of the vaccination programme: a nationally representative cross-sectional survey (CoVAccS – wave 2)

    Sherman S.M.Sim J.Cutts M.Dasch H....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 The Royal Society for Public HealthObjectives: Investigate factors associated with the intention to have the COVID-19 vaccination following initiation of the UK national vaccination programme. Study design: An online cross-sectional survey completed by 1500 adults (13th–15th January 2021). Methods: Linear regression analyses were used to investigate associations between intention to be vaccinated for COVID-19 and sociodemographic factors, previous influenza vaccination, attitudes and beliefs about COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination and vaccination in general. Participants’ main reasons for likely vaccination (non-)uptake were also solicited. Results: 73.5% of participants (95% CI 71.2%, 75.7%) reported being likely to be vaccinated against COVID-19, 17.3% (95% CI 15.4%, 19.3%) were unsure, and 9.3% (95% CI 7.9%, 10.8%) reported being unlikely to be vaccinated. The full regression model explained 69.8% of the variance in intention. Intention was associated with: having been/intending to be vaccinated for influenza last winter/this winter; stronger beliefs about social acceptability of a COVID-19 vaccine; the perceived need for vaccination; adequacy of information about the vaccine; and weaker beliefs that the vaccine is unsafe. Beliefs that only those at serious risk of illness should be vaccinated and that the vaccines are just a means for manufacturers to make money were negatively associated with vaccination intention. Conclusions: Most participants reported being likely to get the COVID-19 vaccination. COVID-19 vaccination attitudes and beliefs are a crucial factor underpinning vaccine intention. Continued engagement with the public with a focus on the importance and safety of vaccination is recommended.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    COVID-19 vaccine dilemmas

    Lee A.C.K.Morling J.R.
    2页
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    NFI, a clinical scoring tool for predicting non-alcoholic fatty liver in the Chinese population

    Zhao M.Hu Y.Shi C.Wang K....
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021Objectives: Accurate assessment of early non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is important to reduce the possible complications. The purpose of the present study was to develop a simple algorithm for the screening of NAFLD in the Chinese population based on routine anthropometric data and laboratory tests. Study design: This is a cross-sectional design. Methods: The subjects (1145) underwent routine physical examinations. The variables in the NAFLD index (NFI) were obtained by a stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis on 1000 bootstrap samples. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) was used to evaluate the accuracy of the NFI. Results: Multivariate analysis showed that body mass index, fasting blood glucose, ratio of alanine aminotransferase to aspartate aminotransferase, and triglyceride were included in the final equation. The AUROC of the NFI was 0.919 (95% confidence interval = 0.901–0.937). An NFI of <31.0 excluded the possibility of NAFLD with a sensitivity of 96.9%, and at a value of >36.0, the NFI could detect NAFLD with a specificity of 98.9%. Conclusions: NFI was a cost-effective NAFLD-screening model, which had a high accuracy for predicting NAFLD at early stages in the Chinese population.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Do children in India grow well into adolescents? Longitudinal analysis of growth transitions from Young Lives panel survey in India

    Das S.K.Burma A.D.Amudhan S.Mishra V....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 The Royal Society for Public HealthObjectives: Studies that examined the growth during late childhood and early adolescence beyond 8 years of age are very limited. Further, most studies have used dichotomized classification of stunting, thereby limiting the understanding of moderate stunting in childhood growth trajectory. We aimed to examine the course of stunting from childhood to adolescence by undertaking robust analyses of the Young Lives Survey (YLS) longitudinal data from India using multilevel categorization of stunting. Study design: Retrospective cohort analysis was undertaken from YLS in India among 1827 children from the younger cohort born in 2001–02 with complete follow-up data in all five rounds of YLS collected in 2002, 2006, 2009, 2013, and 2016. Methods: A three-state multistate Markov model (not stunted, moderate, severe) was performed to estimate annual transition probabilities, mean sojourn-time, and transition-specific risk factors. Results: Between Round-one and Round-five, cross-sectional prevalence of severe stunting decreased from 10.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.8%, 13.7%) to 5.3% (95% CI: 3.8%, 7.3%), while moderate stunting increased from 19.9% (95% CI: 16.3%,23.9%) to 21.7% (95% CI: 18.4%, 24.9%). Mean Sojourn time estimation indicated a relatively concise state for moderate stunting. The stunting trajectory had shown gender differential where more faltering to severe stunting and lower recovery to the normal state was observed among girls between 8 and 12 years and among boys between 12 and 15 years. Compared with boys, girls had 40% excess likelihood (Hazard Ratio: 1.40; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.95) for moderate-to-severe stunting transition and also had 19% excess likelihood (Hazard Ratio: 1.19; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.40) of favorable transition (moderate-to-non-stunted). Conclusions: The transition trajectory highlights preadolescence, especially among girls, as an additional window of opportunity to ensure better nutrition in adolescent life. With a fifth of adolescents living in India, study findings call for coordinated, multisectoral, age-appropriate, and gender-responsive approach to take India closer to meeting SDG-2.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Gender differences in specific trends of COPD mortality in Croatia

    Jovicic Buric D.Erceg M.Antoljak N.
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 The Royal Society for Public HealthObjectives: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common lower respiratory chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze the COPD mortality trends in Croatia for the period 2010–2019 and to identify possible changes and differences by age group and gender. Study design and methods: In data analysis were included COPD death cases for the period 2010–2019 defined as ICD-10 code J44.0 – J44.9. Mortality data were obtained from the Croatian Institute of Public Health based on death certificates. To model temporal changes in mortality rates joinpoint regression analysis was carried out. Results: The number of COPD deaths increased in men from 878 in 2010 to 1083 in 2019 and in women from 520 in 2010 to 737 in 2019. Over the 10-year period, there was a stable age-standardized COPD mortality rate among men and statistically significant increasing age-standardized COPD mortality rate among women at the national level. Conclusions: The findings show a narrowing of the gender gap of COPD mortality. Observed higher COPD mortality rates with age in both men and women confirm previous data and imply that the number of COPD deaths will continue to increase in the future. The healthcare system should focus on the improvement of the quality of care and investment in health promotion and prevention programs aimed at reducing risk factors for COPD, especially tobacco smoking, as well as raising awareness and knowledge about COPD as a chronic disease.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Is the pandemic leading to a crisis of trust? Insights from an Italian nationwide study

    Gualano M.R.Lo Moro G.Voglino G.Bert F....
    3页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 The Royal Society for Public HealthObjectives: Along with mistrust toward politics and journalism, the pandemic is amplifying mistrust in healthcare. To explore trust in key professionals among the Italian population, we focused on perceived change in trust during the pandemic. Study design: Nationwide online cross-sectional survey (called COCOS). Methods: COCOS was conducted in Italy in two periods: the end of the first lockdown (T1: April–May 2020) and the end of 2020 (T2: November–December 2020). Descriptive analyses and multivariable logistic regressions were performed (sample size = 2673). Results: Trust in healthcare workers (HCWs) was reduced in 1.5% of participants (T1) and 2.8% (T2). Trust in scientists/researchers was reduced in 5.8% (T1) and 7.6% (T2). Trust in politicians was reduced in 37.6% (T1) and 52.3% (T2). Trust in journalists was reduced in 41.7% (T1) and 48.3% (T2). Considering multivariable models, participants of the second period, participants who were HCWs, participants with anxiety symptoms, and those experiencing economic struggle due to the pandemic had a higher likelihood of having a reduced trust. The period had the strongest association with reduced trust. Conclusions: We argue that a central role might be played by the pandemic fatigue. We suggest leading figures should be more aware of the relationship between communication and trust. The pandemic is a real-world experiment in reshaping mediated communication and, although social media play an important role, other approaches might be successful. As a notable part of the population is trusting politicians and media less and less, Italian key professionals should implement initiatives to reinvigorate public support.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Perceived changes in lifestyle behaviours and in mental health and wellbeing of elementary school children during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Canada

    Maximova K.Khan M.K.A.Dabravolskaj J.Maunula L....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 The AuthorsObjectives: The closure of schools to prevent the spread of COVID-19 prompted concerns of deteriorating lifestyle behaviours, mental health, and wellbeing of children, particularly those in socioeconomically disadvantaged settings. We assessed changes in lifestyle behaviours (physical activity, screen time, eating habits and bed/wake-up times), mental health and wellbeing during the first lockdown in Spring 2020 as perceived by school children from disadvantaged settings, and examined determinants of these changes. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: We surveyed 1095 grade 4 to 6 students (age 9–12 years) from 20 schools in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities in northern Canada. Students reported on changes in lifestyle behaviours, mental health and wellbeing during the lockdown. Determinants of these perceived changes were examined in multivariable regression models. Results: A majority of students reported declines in physical activity, having late bed/wake-up times, and modest improvements in mental health and wellbeing. Many students reported increases rather than decreases in screen time and snacking. Positive attitudes toward being active, eating healthy, going to sleep on time and being healthy were strongly associated with maintaining healthy lifestyle behaviours during the lockdown. Positive attitudes toward active and healthy living and healthy lifestyle behaviours were associated with maintaining positive mental health and wellbeing during the lockdown. Conclusions: The considerable changes in lifestyle behaviors, superimposed on the pre-existing burden of unhealthy lifestyle behaviours, put this generation of children at increased risk for future chronic disease. Findings call for effective health promotion of active and healthy lifestyles to benefit both physical and mental health.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    An off-target scale limits the utility of Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (SWEMWBS) as a measure of well-being in public health surveys

    Melin J.Lundin A.Johansson M.
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 The AuthorsObjectives: To assess the utility and measurement properties for the well-being scale Short Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (SWEMWBS) in a Swedish general population survey. Study design: A cross-sectional survey study. Methods: Data were retrieved from the 2018 public health survey in Stockholm County, containing a random sample of 22 856 persons stratified to be representative for the municipalities and districts within the region. The data were analyzed according to Rasch Measurement Theory. Results: Person attribute values are positively skewed (mean 2.32, SD 1.85), with wide gaps in the item threshold attribute values. Overall item fit statistics were acceptable, and person measurement separation reliability was 0.83, indicating three statistically distinct ranges in the estimated well-being values. Conclusion: While the SWEMWBS items indicated acceptable fit to the Rasch measurement model, targeting of items to sample is skewed toward lower levels of well-being, and there is a ceiling effect. Thus, we suggest a careful reconsideration of SWEMWBS as a tool for use in general public health surveys, especially for assessing change over time and group differences, as there are large measurement uncertainties for the majority of cases when the population as a whole is sampled. We encourage revisions applying a coherent and comprehensive ordinal construct theory for well-being to fill the gaps in the upper end of the SWEMWBS scales' item thresholds. The addition of more challenging items would improve targeting for population-based surveys, increase reliability, and provide more actionable information that could be useful in improving individuals' well-being.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Practitioners' perspectives on health in Strategic Environmental Assessment of spatial planning policies in Scotland

    Logue C.Werner C.Douglas M.
    3页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 The Royal Society for Public HealthObjectives: Local authorities in Scotland are required to produce a Local Development Plan (LDP), which allocates sites for development and sets policies to guide decisions on planning applications. As part of this, local authorities must undertake a Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA). This is a structured assessment of likely environmental impacts, which includes human health. This study explores how SEA practitioners and SEA consultation authorities consider health. Study design: Qualitative study design using eight in-depth semi-structured interviews. Methods: Individual interviews were carried out with SEA practitioners from six local authority areas in Scotland and two SEA consultation authorities. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically. Results: Respondents articulated a broad perspective on health, but this was not reflected in SEA practice. Barriers to considering health more fully in SEA included low confidence in assessing health, limited partnership working with public health professionals and the lack of a consultation authority able to cover all aspects of health. Respondents valued partnership work between public health and planning professionals. Conclusion: This study suggests recent work in Scotland to increase understanding of the role of spatial planning to influence health has been successful. However, further work is required to expand this to include links between spatial planning and health inequalities. SEA in Scotland does not currently support holistic consideration of health and health inequalities. Strong partnership working between public health and other sectors can increase understanding of links with health and create healthy places.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Mortality comparisons of COVID-19 with all-cause and non-communicable diseases in Cyprus, Iceland and Malta: lessons learned and forward planning

    Cuschieri S.Pallari E.Hatziyianni A.Sigurvinsdottir R....
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 The Royal Society for Public HealthObjectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has spread throughout the world, including Cyprus, Iceland and Malta. Considering the small population sizes of these three island countries, it was anticipated that COVID-19 would be adequately contained and mortality would be low. This study aims to compare and contrast COVID-19 mortality with mortality from all causes and common non-communicable diseases (NCDs) over 8 months between these three islands. Methods: Data were obtained from the Ministry of Health websites and COVID dashboards from Cyprus, Iceland and Malta. The case-to-fatality ratio (CFR) and years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated. Comparisons were made between the reported cases, deaths, CFR, YLLs, swabbing rates, restrictions and mitigation measures. Results: Low COVID-19 case numbers and mortality rates were observed during the first wave and transition period in Cyprus, Iceland and Malta. The second wave saw a drastic increase in the number of confirmed cases and mortality rates, especially for Malta, with high CFR and YLLs. Similar restrictions and measures were evident across the three island countries. Results show that COVID-19 mortality was generally lower than mortality from NCDs. Conclusions: The study highlights that small geographical and population size, along with similar restrictive measures, did not appear to have an advantage against the spread and mortality rate of COVID-19, especially during the second wave. Population density, an ageing population and social behaviours may play a role in the burden of COVID-19. It is recommended that a country-specific syndemic approach is used to deal with the local COVID-19 spread based on the population's characteristics, behaviours and the presence of other pre-existing epidemics.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier