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    Assessing humoral immune response after two doses of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) in healthcare workers

    Demirbakan, H.Kocer, IErdogan, M.Bayram, A....
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: During COVID-19 pandemic, the absence of immunity in the population left them susceptible to infection with SARS-CoV-2; healthcare workers (HCWs) being in the highest risk group. This study intends to assess and follow up the humoral immunity in HCWs vaccinated with an inactive virus vaccine (CoronaVac). Study design: This is a prospective observational study. Methods: A total of 1072 HCWs were investigated for the presence of immunoglobulin G antibodies to the receptor-binding domain of the S1 subunit of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination. Blood samples were obtained after 28 days of the first dose, 21 days of the second dose, and 3 months after the second dose. Detection of antispike antibodies was performed by the chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay method (SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant, Abbott, Ireland). The results greater than or equal to the cutoff value of 50.0 AU/mL were reported as positive. Results: Four weeks after the first dose of vaccine, antispike antibodies were detected in 834/1072 (77.8%) of HCWs. Seropositivity was higher among females (84.6%) than males (70.6% p < 0.001) and was found to be highest in both women and men between the ages of 18-34 years. Antispike antibodies were detected in 1008 of 1012 (99.6%) after 21 days of the second dose and in 803 of 836 (96.1%) after 3 months of the second dose. Conclusions: CoronaVac was found to be highly immunogenic after two consecutive doses performed 28 days apart to HCWs; however, the immunogenicity declined significantly (p < 0.001) after 3 months following the second dose of vaccine. (c) 2022 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Combined and interactive effects of alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking on the risk of severe illness and poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19: a multicentre retrospective cohort study

    Fang, X. M.Wang, J.Liu, Y.Zhang, X....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: Cigarette smoking is an established risk factor for illness severity and adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Alcohol drinking may also be a potential risk factor for disease severity. However, the combined and interactive effects of drinking and smoking on COVID-19 have not yet been reported. This study aimed to examine the combined and interactive effects of alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking on the risk of severe illness and poor outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Study design: This was a multicentre retrospective cohort study. Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed the data of 1399 consecutive hospitalised COVID-19 patients from 43 designated hospitals. Patients were grouped according to different combinations of drinking and smoking status. Multivariate mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to estimate the combined and interactive effects of drinking and smoking on the risk of severe COVID-19 and poor clinical outcomes. Results: In the study population, 7.3% were drinkers/smokers, 4.3% were drinkers/non-smokers and 4.9% were non-drinkers/smokers. After controlling for potential confounders, smokers or drinkers alone did not show a significant increase in the risk of severe COVID-19 or poor clinical outcomes compared with non-drinkers/non-smokers. Moreover, this study did not observe any interactive effects of drinking and smoking on COVID-19. Drinkers/smokers had a 62% increased risk (odds ratio = 1.62, 95% confidence interval: 1.01-2.60) of severe COVID-19 but did not have a significant increase in the risk for poor clinical outcomes compared with non-drinkers/non-smokers. Conclusions: Combined exposure to drinking and smoking increases the risk of severe COVID-19, but no direct effects of drinking or smoking, or interaction effects of drinking and smoking, were detected. (C) 2022 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Machine learning for predicting chronic diseases: a systematic review

    Delpino, F. M.Costa, A. K.Farias, S. R.Chiavegatto Filho, A. D. P....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: We aimed to review the literature regarding the use of machine learning to predict chronic diseases. Study design: This was a systematic review. Methods: The searches included five databases. We included studies that evaluated the prediction of chronic diseases using machine learning models and reported the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values. The Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis scale was used to assess the quality of studies. Results: In total, 42 studies were selected. The best reported area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value was 1, whereas the worst was 0.74. K-nearest neighbors, Naive Bayes, deep neural networks, and random forest were the machine learning models most frequently used for achieving the best performance. Conclusion: We found that machine learning can predict the occurrence of individual chronic diseases, progression, and their determinants and in many contexts. The findings are original and relevant to improve clinical decisions and the organization of health care facilities. (c) 2022 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Living with endemic COVID-19

    Lee, A. C. K.Morling, J. R.
    2页
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Suicide burden in Latin America, 1990-2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

    Alberto Davila-Cervantes, Claudio
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: Suicide is a critical public health issue worldwide. The objective was to report the findings from the Global Burden of Disease study on the burden of suicide in Latin America from 1990 to 2019 and to assess its association with the sociodemographic index (SDI). Study design: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Methods: Following the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study, suicide mortality, premature mortality, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years in Latin America are reported. Results: The number of deaths from suicides increased significantly in most countries, but the agestandardized suicide mortality rate had a heterogeneous behavior. Suicide burden was higher for males in all age groups, and in most countries, the male-to-female ratio increased between 1990 and 2019. Almost all suicide burden is attributable to premature mortality. The highest suicide burden was present in young males and females. All countries had an increase in the SDI, and in most countries, there was a statistically significant correlation between this indicator and the suicide disability-adjusted lifeyears rates. Conclusions: To best promote suicide prevention, it is important to understand sex and age-specific suicide burden patterns. According to these results, prevention programs intended to prevent suicide should be implemented with a special focus on high-risk groups such as young adults and the elderly. (C) 2022 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The Serbian COVID-19 Stress Scale and vaccine acceptance: is there a place for COVID-19-related distress in explaining attitudes towards vaccination?

    Mihic, L.Terzic-Supic, Z.Todorovic, J.Maric, N. P....
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: Previous research has shown that the COVID-19 Stress Scale (CSS), a measure assessing various dimensions of distress related to the COVID-19 pandemic, is associated with self-protective behaviours; however, it remains unknown whether this distress can be used to predict attitudes towards vaccination. The purpose of this study was to validate the Serbian CSS (Serbian-CSS) and to explore its predictive power over and above certain sociodemographic characteristics, individual difference variables (attitudes and personality) and general distress in relation to COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Study design: An online cross-sectional study was conducted that targeted users of different social network groups at the beginning of the public COVID-19 vaccination programme in Serbia. Methods: A large, online study sample (N = 3129) provided self-reported data on COVID-19-related distress, health and sociodemographic indicators, individual difference variables and attitudes towards vaccination. Results: The Serbian-CSS is a valid and reliable instrument that assesses six dimensions of COVID-19 distress. The strongest predictors of vaccine acceptance were attitudes towards immigrants (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.31, 0.41), followed by education (AOR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.27, 1.88) and prepandemic mental health issues (AOR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.30, 2.01). Conclusions: The level of distress measured by the CSS had a non-substantial contribution to vaccine acceptance, which is probably because of the mild level of distress that was observed at the time of assessment. Public health messaging that relies on the distribution of information is not sufficient to address strongly held beliefs against vaccination. The study provides a benchmark for future crosscultural research regarding negative affective states associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. (c) 2022 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The use of video games, smartphones, and PCs/tablet PCs based on a survey of students' lifestyles: necessary actions

    Inoue, K.Fujita, Y.Takeshita, H.Hashioka, S....
    2页
    查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: Addictions to video gaming, smartphones, and Personal Computer (PCs)/tablets have become serious public health problems worldwide. Methods: We distributed a lifestyle survey to sixth-grade students (aged 11-12 years) during the 10-year period 2008-2017 and compared their responses in the first 5-year period (2008-2012) with those during the second 5-year period (2013-2017). The survey asked whether the student was (1) in a good mood upon waking, (2) the time that the student woke up, (3) the time that he/she went to bed, (4) the hours of TV watched per day, (5) the hours of video games played per day, (6) the hours of smartphone use per day, (7) the hours of PC or tablet PC use per day, (8) whether the student had a positive sense of self, (9) the number of times the student ate breakfast each week, and (10) how often the student turned off the TV during meals. Results: Compared with the first 5-year period, during the second period significantly more students reported waking up before 6:30 a.m. (P < 0.01), going to bed before 10:00 p.m. (P < 0.05), and watching TV for <1 h (P < 0.001), and significantly fewer students reported playing video games for <1 h (P < 0.05), using a smartphone for <1 h (P < 0.001), and using a PC or tablet PC for <1 h (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Educational campaigns should specifically address the use of addictive technologies among adolescents. (c) 2022 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Risk factors associated with catheter-related venous thrombosis: a meta-analysis

    Liu, G. D.Ma, W. J.Liu, H. X.Tang, L....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Background: So far, the risk factors of catheter-related venous thrombosis (CRVT) are not fully understood. We use evidence-based medicine to find the risk factors of CRVT by pooling the current studies that reported the risk factors of CRVT, aiming to provide guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from the establishment of the database to July 2021. We included studies that reported the risk factors of CRVT, and we excluded duplicate publications, research without full text, incomplete information or inability to conduct data extraction, animal experiments, reviews, and systematic reviews. STATA 15.1 was used to analyze the data. Results: The pooled results show that history of venous thrombosis (odds ratio [OR] = 3.75, 95% confi-dence interval [CI]: 1.02-13.85; P = 0.047), cancer (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.17-2.57; P = 0.006), infection (OR = 2.13, 95% CI:1.33-3.42; P = 0.002), and multilumina (OR = 3.34, 95% CI:1.48-7.54; P = 0.004) will significantly increase the occurrence of CRVT. However, there is no significant correlation between sex, congenital heart disease, bedridden state, sepsis, mechanical ventilation, anticoagulation therapy, insertion site (left), and CRVT. Conclusion: Our research results indicate that history of venous thrombosis, cancer, infection and multilumina are possible risk factors for CRVT, and corresponding preventive measures should be taken clinically. (c) 2022 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    US hospital engagement in cross-sector partnerships for population health improvement in socioeconomically distressed counties

    Noh, E.Begun, J. W.White, K. M.Potthoff, S. J....
    3页
    查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: This study identifies the internal characteristics of hospitals located in counties with poor socioeconomic conditions that develop collaborative partnerships with a wide range of community organizations, including non-health organizations. Study design: Cross-sectional study that conducted Chi-square and logistic regression analyses. Methods: Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses were performed in this cross-sectional research to identify the internal hospital characteristics associated with non-health sector partnership development for hospitals located in U.S. counties in the worst quartile of performance across three socioeconomic conditions. The 2015 American Hospital Association Population Health Survey provided data on hospitals' collaborative arrangements and internal characteristics, including hospital size, teaching status, ownership type, and system affiliation (n = 1,238). The 2014 County Health Rankings were used to identify counties in the worst quartile of performance on educational attainment, unemployment, and child poverty. Results: Chi-square analyses show that larger hospitals, teaching hospitals, hospitals that belong to a system, and not-for profit hospitals are significantly and positively correlated with non-health sector collaborative partnerships across one or more of the county indicators of poor socioeconomic conditions. Logistic regression results show that the only significant internal hospital characteristic associated with such partnerships is hospital size, in counties with poor educational attainment and those with high child poverty. Conclusion: Larger hospitals are more likely to have the resources and strategic perspectives to address community health in counties with poor socioeconomic conditions. (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Royal Society for Public Health.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Healthcare coverage and out-of-pocket medical expenses: evidence from the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and the medical expense deduction

    Kuroki, Masanori
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: This study examines the link between health insurance and out-of-pocket medical expenses at the state level using data on the medical expense deduction obtained from the Internal Revenue Service. We exploit the fact that the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act lowered the threshold for the medical expense deduction in 2017 and examine whether health insurance coverage is related to the medical expense deduction based on the assumption that the lower threshold affected states with more people with large medical expenses. Study design: This was a state-level cross-sectional study. Methods: Data on medical expense deductions are obtained from the Internal Revenue Service and combined with health insurance coverage data from the Small Area Health Insurance Estimates. The ordinary least squares are used to measure the relationship, and the best-fit lines are shown along with scatterplots to describe the finding. Results: We find that the new law that allowed more taxpayers to take the benefit of medical expense deductions increased the share of tax returns with a medical expense deduction and the total medical expense deduction amounts in all states, but the increase was greater in states with larger uninsured populations. Conclusions: The finding highlights the role of employer-sponsored and private health insurance in reducing out-of-pocket medical expenses among the general population. (c) 2022 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier