首页期刊导航|Public health
期刊信息/Journal information
Public health
Elsevier
Public health

Elsevier

0033-3506

Public health/Journal Public healthSCIAHCISSCIISSHP
正式出版
收录年代

    SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics in the urban-rural interface

    Polo, G.Soler-Tovar, D.Villamil Jimenez, L. C.Benavides-Ortiz, E....
    4页
    查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: As the world responds to the coronavirus outbreak, the role of public health in ensuring equitable health care that considers the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) dynamics in rural communities is still a challenge. The same suppression and mitigation measures have been implemented homogeneously, ignoring the differences between urban and rural areas. We propose an epidemiological model and simulate the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in urban and rural areas considering the interaction between these regions. Study design: This was a population modeling study. Methods: A compartmental epidemiological model was formulated to simulate the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in urban and rural areas. We use the model to investigate the impact of control strategies focused on the urban-rural interface to contain the epidemic size of SARS-CoV-2 in rural areas. Results: Considering five different levels for the exposition rate in urban areas and keeping intrarural and urban-rural exposition rates fixed, the preventive measures reduce the size and delay the peak for the urban infectives. The response of infected individuals and cumulative deaths in rural areas upon changes in the urban dynamics was small but not negligible. On the other hand, preventive measures focused on the urban-rural interface impact the number of infected individuals and deaths in rural areas. Conclusions: The maintenance of SARS-CoV-2 in rural areas depends on the interaction of individuals at the urban-rural interface. Thus, restrictive measures established by the governments would not be required within rural areas. We highlight the importance of focused preventive measures on the urban rural interface to reduce the exposure and avoid the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to rural communities. (c) 2022 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    From contact tracing to COVID-19 pass holder; the tortured journey of the French TousAntiCovid contact tracing app

    Schultz, EmilienTouzani, RajaeMancini, JulienWard, Jeremy K....
    3页
    查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: Our study aimed to provide an updated overview of the use of the French contact tracing application, TousAntiCovid, and identify evolutions since the beginning of the pandemic. Study design: We conducted a survey study on a representative sample of the French adult population. Methods: Our data were collected by the Obervatoire Re = gional de la Sante = (ORS) using a selfadministered online questionnaire. This was completed by a sample of 2,022 people stratified to match French official census statistics for gender, age, occupation, and area of housing. We conducted statistical analysis using Python (Pandas Scipy Statsmodels) with chi-squared and Wilcoxon rank sum tests to control for statistical significance. Results: A small majority of respondents used TousAntiCovid (55.5%), while 41.0% had never downloaded it. Only one-quarter of the respondents (23.3%) used it for contact tracing with Bluetooth, while a third (32.2%) used it only for storing their health pass. The app's use increased with education level, income, and younger age. A large majority (85%) of non-vaccinated respondents had never downloaded TousAntiCovid. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the role and use of France's official COVID-19 app TousAntiCovid has evolved in line with the government's strategy; while initially focusing on contact tracing, its development has led to the possibility to store test and vaccination documentation. The survey also confirmed previous results pointing to the lasting differences in socio-economic status in terms of adoption of the app. This is problematic because the long-term nature of the pandemic could require the government to keep a range of strategies open, including contact tracing. Public discussion of the current and future roles of the French contact tracing app is therefore needed. (c) 2022 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Trends in maternal age and the relationship between advanced age and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a population-based register study in Wuhan, China, 2010-2017

    Zhang, B.Zhang, Y.Yu, T.Huang, T....
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: The aims of this study were to assess trends in maternal age in central China and to examine the relationship between maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Study design: This was a retrospective and observational study. Methods: Data were analysed from the Wuhan Maternal and Child Health Management Information System, which included all pregnant women who were at 24-42 weeks' gestation, with singleton pregnancies and who lived in Wuhan between 2010 and 2017. Joinpoint regression was used to analyse the trends in mean maternal age and the proportion of women with advanced maternal age. Adverse pregnancy outcomes, including pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) disorder, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), caesarean delivery, postpartum haemorrhage, preterm birth, small for gestational age, large for gestational age (LGA) and 5-min Apgar score <7 among women aged <20, 20-24, 30-35 and >40 years were compared with women aged 25-29 years using multivariate binary logistic regression analysis and stratified analysis. Results: Among the 583,571 women included in this study, 1.2% were aged <20 years, 20.8% were aged 20-24 years, 47.9% were aged 25-29 years, 22.0% were aged 30-34 years, 6.9% were aged 35-39 years and 1.2% were aged >40 years. Between 2010 and 2017, the mean maternal age increased from 27.1 years to 29.7 years, and the proportion of women aged >35 years increased from 4.3% to 13.9%. Relative to women aged 25-29 years, women aged >30 years carried higher risks of PIH, GDM, caesarean delivery, preterm birth, LGA and 5-min Apgar score <7. Relative to older multiparous women, older nulliparous women were more likely to experience caesarean delivery, preterm birth and 5-min Apgar score <7. Conclusions: The average maternal age and the proportion of advanced maternal age showed increasing trends between 2010 and 2017, which may be related to the relaxation of the one-child policy in China. Older maternal age (>30 years) is independently associated with various adverse pregnancy outcomes. The risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes may occur earlier than the commonly used definition of advanced maternal age (>35 years) and may also differ by parity. Ensuring age-and parity-specific clinical counselling, antenatal surveillance and health interventions may significantly improve preg-nancy outcomes in older mothers. (c) 2022 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Legalisation of e-scooters in the UK: the injury rate and pattern is similar to those of bicycles in an inner city metropolitan area

    Bodansky, D. M. S.Gach, M. W.Grant, M.Solari, M....
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：Introduction: Rental electric scooters (e-scooters) have become more available to the UK public following amendments to legislation in 2020 affecting rideshare schemes. Existing literature from outside the UK demonstrates a worrying trend of increasing injuries related to their use and non-compliance with suggested safety precautions. An e-scooter rideshare scheme trial began in Liverpool in October 2020. We intended to identify the musculoskeletal injury rate and describe the injuries sustained during this pilot. Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from electronic patient records on all patients at a major trauma centre covering the whole of the Liverpool rideshare trial site presenting with e-scooter and bicycle musculoskeletal injuries between the trial start on 6th October 2020 and 5th May 2021 and between 6th March 2020 and 5th October 2020. Data on rental e-scooter use were obtained from the rideshare operator. Results: Fifty-one patients sustained musculoskeletal injuries involving e-scooters during the trial period and six injuries before the trial. Two-thirds of injuries were on rental e-scooters. We calculate an orthopaedic injury rate of 26.1 injuries per million km on e-scooters and 24.1 injuries per million km on bicycles. Over 70% of e-scooter patients had upper limb injuries, over 50% had lower limb injuries and 15.7% of patients required surgery. Conclusions: We observed an increase in musculoskeletal injuries presenting to hospital during the e scooter pilot. Rates of musculoskeletal injuries were comparable to rates of injuries sustained on bicycles. E-scooters should be regulated closely and further safety measures introduced to minimise the rate of injuries. Crown Copyright (c) 2022 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Royal Society for Public Health. All rights reserved.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Association of sensory impairment with healthcare use and costs among middle-aged and older adults in China

    Ding, YueLiu, YingyanHou, Xiang-YuTian, Yong...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: This study aimed to explore the association of visual, hearing, or dual sensory impairment with healthcare use and costs. Study design: This is a cohort study. Methods: These research data were from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study spanning 2011-2018 and included 8982 community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults (aged >= 45 years at baseline). Sensory impairment was measured according to self-reported assessment of visual and hearing functions, and healthcare use and costs were ascertained via self-report. The associations of sensory impairment with healthcare use and costs were estimated using the mixed-effects regression models. Results: Of the 8982 respondents, 4346 (48.39%) were females and their mean (standard deviation) age at baseline was 57.03 (8.26) years. Individuals with hearing impairment (HI) only, visual impairment (VI) only, and dual sensory impairment (DSI) were all at significantly higher risks of healthcare use and catastrophic health expenditure than those without sensory impairment (all P < 0.05), except that VI only non-significantly prolonged inpatient days. Compared with no impairment, DSI was associated with increases in outpatient (beta = 50.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 17.47-83.86) and inpatient out-ofpocket costs (beta = 40.35, 95% CI = 5.94-74.76), while VI only or HI only did not show significant effects. Further stratification analyses indicated that the associations between sensory impairment and outpatient use were more pronounced among males than among females but that age group did not moderate the associations with any healthcare outcomes. Conclusions: HI and VI were independently and together associated with higher risks of healthcare use and catastrophic health expenditure. Dual sensory impairment was the only category consistently associated with increased outpatient and inpatient costs. (C) 2022 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Endemic fatalism and why it will not resolve COVID-19

    Steere-Williams, J.
    2页
    查看更多>>摘要：Objective: The main objective of this commentary is to provide historical insight into the term ende-micity and to demonstrate why framing COVID-19 as endemic in early 2022 is a misguided approach. Study design: The history of epidemiology as well as current data on COVID-19 as provided by the United States Centers for Disease Control, the World Health Organization, and the Johns Hopkins COVID-19 Resource Center was surveyed. Methods: Records of the Epidemiological Society of London for the period 1850-1900 were analyzed, and several key publications on how infectious diseases were considered endemic were identified. Results: The term endemicity has a long and twisting history, changing from its meaning in the mid-nineteenth century until our use of it today. The concept has long been tied to historical patterns of colonialism. Conclusion: Framing COVID-19 as an endemic disease in early 2022 is a misguided attempt and a result of cultural and political forces. (c) 2022 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    COVID-19: difficult transitions

    Lee, A. C. K.Morling, J. R.
    2页
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis: magnitude, reasons, associated factors, and implications of the out-of-pocket expenditure during pregnancy

    Gunarathne, S. P.Wickramasinghe, N. D.Agampodi, T. C.Prasanna, R. P. I. R....
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: Health-related out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) impedes utilization for maternal health care. We aim to systematically review the magnitude, reasons, associated factors, and implications of OOPE during pregnancy. Study design: The study design is a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: A comprehensive literature search will be conducted with the electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, Trip, Social care online, IDEAS, EconPapers, ERIC, and EconStor. A manual search will be carried out for the reference lists of eligible studies and reviews. The search strategy will include combining two key blocks of terms, namely: 'pregnancy' and 'OOPE,' using database-specific subject headings and text words. Two independent reviewers will screen and assess data quality and extract data for synthesis. Any disagreements during any stage will be determined by consensus with the involvement of a third reviewer. The 'Mixed methods appraisal tool' will be adapted for the quality appraisal of the eligible studies. A narrative synthesis will be provided for the reasons, associated factors, and implications of OOPE, and a meta-analysis will be conducted for the magnitude of OOPE. Furthermore, a subgroup analysis will be done with countries with different income levels and health care policies. Trial registration: PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020168566. (c) 2022 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Decreasing prevalence of chronic back pain in Catalonia. Analysis of the Catalan Health Survey

    Suris, XavierOrtiz-Santamaria, VeraJesus Pueyo-Sanchez, MariaMompart-Penina, Anna...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: Chronic back pain is one of the main health problems reported by the adult population and its prevalence is influenced by different sociodemographic, work and lifestyle-related factors. The aim of this study was to describe the trend in the lifetime prevalence of chronic back pain in the adult Catalan population between 2011 and 2018 and its associated factors. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Secondary analysis of a health survey. Methods: Trend in lifetime prevalence of chronic back pain by age and sex groups was estimated from the Catalan Health Survey. Association of chronic back pain with sex, age, health status, lifestyle factors, comorbidities, socio-economic and work-related variables was analysed. Results: A total of 31,823 people were interviewed between 2011 and 2018. The prevalence of chronic back pain decreased from 29.7% to 24.2% between 2011-2014 and 2015-2018 in the total population with higher prevalence and a greater difference in women (35%-28.50%) than in men (24.2%-19.7%). Factors associated with higher prevalence of chronic back pain were female sex, older age, poor health status, smoking, alcohol consumption, insufficient physical activity, overweight or obesity, mental health problems, lower educational level or social class, dissatisfaction at workplace, poor social support and family financial problems. Conclusions: The analysis shows a decreasing prevalence of chronic back pain from 2011 to 2018 in the adult population of Catalonia in all age groups and more significantly in women. An improvement of healthy lifestyle habits, social and occupational determinants, could have reduced the burden of chronic back pain in our community. (c) 2022 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The effect of family planning counselling on postpartum modern contraceptive uptake in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review

    Mruts, K. B.Tessema, G. A.Gebremedhin, A. T.Scott, J....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Objective: Family planning counselling at different contact points of maternal health services has been recommended for increasing the uptake of modern contraceptive methods. However, studies from subSaharan Africa (SSA) demonstrated inconsistent findings. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesise the available current evidence for the association between family planning counselling and postpartum modern contraceptive uptake in SSA. Study design: This is a systematic review of the SSA literature. Methods: On 11 February 2021, we searched six electronic databases for studies published in English. We included quantitative observational and interventional studies that assessed the effects of family planning counselling on contraceptive uptake among women who gave birth in the first 12 months. We used Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools to evaluate study quality. The protocol for this systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021234785). Results: Twenty-seven studies with 26,814 participants comprising 18 observational and nine interventional studies were included. Family planning counselling during antenatal care, delivery, postnatal care, and antenatal and postnatal care was associated with postpartum contraceptive uptake. Moreover, the newly implemented family planning counselling interventions improved postpartum modern contraceptive uptake. Conclusion: Overall, the evidence suggests that family planning counselling during the different maternal health service delivery points enhances contraceptive uptake among postpartum women. SSA countries should promote and strengthen family planning counselling integrated with maternal health services, which will play a significant role in combating unintended and closely spaced pregnancies. Crown Copyright (c) 2022 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Royal Society for Public Health. All rights reserved.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier