查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the sampling strategy as well as characteristics and the external validity of a representative sample database drawn from the German InGef research database. Study design: This is a retrospective cohort study using anonymized claims data for the year 2019. Methods: The InGef research database is an anonymized healthcare database with longitudinal claims data from approximately 8.8 Mio insurees. A sample of four million insurees was drawn intended to be representative for the German population with respect to age, sex and region. In addition to demographic information, data on hospitalization rates, mortality rates and drug prescription rates were analysed from the InGef sample database for the year 2019 to demonstrate validity and representativeness. Corresponding national reference data were obtained from official sources. Results: The distributions of sex and age were similar in the InGef sample database and Germany (proportion of women: 50.8% vs 50.7%; mean age: 44.1 vs 43.9 years). The proportion of insurees living in the eastern part of Germany was lower in the InGef sample database (16.5% vs 19.5%). There was good accordance with German reference data with respect to hospitalization rates and overall mortality rates. Prescription rates for the 20 most often reimbursed drug classes were slightly higher in the InGef sample database. Conclusions: The InGef sample database shows good overall agreement with the German population on measures of morbidity, mortality and drug usage. (C) 2022 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Crivelli, L.Albanese, E.Corona Immunitas Ticino Working GrPiumatti, G....
7页
查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: Using longitudinal data from Southern Switzerland we assessed ten-month temporal trajectories of moderate to severe depression, anxiety and stress among adults after the first pandemic wave and explored differences between sociodemographic and health status groups. Study design: This was a population-based prospective cohort study. Methods: Participants were 732 (60% women) adults aged 20-64 years who completed the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale on a monthly base since August 2020 until May 2021, as part of the Corona Immunitas Ticino study based on a probability sample of non-institutionalized residents in Ticino, Southern Switzerland. Results: Prevalence of moderate to severe depression increased from 7.5% in August 2020 to 12.5% in May 2021, anxiety increased from 4.8% to 8.1% and stress increased from 5.5% to 8.8%. A steeper increase in poor mental health was observed between October 2020 and February 2021. Men had a lower risk for anxiety (odds ratio [OR] = 0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.36-0.95) and stress (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.44-0.95) than women. Suffering from a chronic disease increased the risk for depression (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.12-2.96), anxiety (OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.44-3.92) and stress (OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.14-3.08). The differences between these groups did not vary over time. Conclusions: In a representative Swiss adult sample, prevalence of moderate to severe depression, anxiety and stress almost doubled in the course of ten months following the end of the first pandemic wave in spring 2020. Women and participants with pre-existing chronic conditions were at a higher risk of poor mental health.
查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: The aim of this paper is to identify possible regulatory, policy and program measures to address gambling harm to bingo players and their communities, and in doing so extend existing public health approaches to gambling to better include bingo. Study design: This was a qualitative case study of three populations in Victoria, Australia where bingo was popular and structural disadvantage common: Indigenous people in the state's east, Pacific people in the north and older people on low or fixed incomes in the capital, Melbourne. Methods: Our study investigated experiences of bingo, including gambling harm and recommendations for change. Data were generated through interviews with 53 bingo players and 13 stakeholders as well as 12 participant observations of bingo sessions. Results: Five broad drivers of and influences on harm to bingo players are identified: technological, regulatory and commercial changes eroding bingo's protective factors; bingo being used to bolster other forms of gambling; promotion of gambling interests over people's wellbeing; not recognising experiences of different communities and; external structural influences such as racialised poverty. We identify recommendations from bingo players and stakeholders to address harm arising from bingo involving wagering. Based on these recommendations and available evidence, we propose five sets of measures to mitigate against gambling harm to bingo players and their communities, and so extend existing public health approaches to gambling to better encompass bingo. These sets of measures are: safeguarding bingo's protective features; delinking bingo from the gambling eco-system; dismantling political protection of the gambling industry; tailoring strategies for sub-populations and preventing oppression and abuse. Conclusions: In the face of significant regulatory, commercial and technological changes to bingo that risk increasing and intensifying harm, a public health approach to bingo could help mitigate gambling harm. (c) 2022 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Royal Society for Public Health.
查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: Road traffic injuries are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children in Saudi Arabia. Previous literature suggests that poor compliance to traffic safety measures is exacerbating the burden of childhood injuries. Although car seats have been found to reduce injuries among children, their compliance remains poor nationally. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether providing free car seats for newborns is associated with the compliance of car seat use 3 months after hospital discharge. Methods: This study was conducted in three regions of the country following a national public health campaign aimed to improve traffic safety. In November 2020, five hundred car seats were given to mothers at the time of discharge. Three months later, parents were contacted to evaluate the prevalence of compliance. In addition to estimating the prevalence of car seat use at 3 months, the analysis assessed predictors of use using a multiple logistic regression model. Results: Of the 486 initial participants, 375 (77%) responded. According to the parents, 76% of children still use the car seat 3 months after hospital discharge. The age of the parents and the number of family members were significant predictors of car seat use. Smaller families (<4 members) were 2.2 (95% confidence interval: 1.36-3.82) times more likely to comply with the car seat law 3 months after discharge than larger families. Most of the respondents (70.5%) strongly agree that child restraint systems are an essential device while driving with children. Conclusions: We found that providing free car seats for newborn children is associated with uptake of improved traffic safety, but compliance remains lower than in developed countries. Further studies are needed to facilitate improving child seat safety among large families. As the country strives to invest in reducing traffic injuries, similar initiatives may facilitate adopting safety measures among parents, which may reduce preventable injuries and improve population health. (c) 2022 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: This study analysed educational inequalities in risk perception, perceived effectiveness, trust and adherence to preventive behaviours in the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Study design: This was a cross-sectional online survey. Methods: Data were obtained from the GESIS Panel Special Survey on the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak in Germany, including 2949 participants. Stepwise linear regression was conducted to anal-yse educational inequalities in risk perception, perceived effectiveness, trust and adherence to preventive behaviours considering age, gender, family status and household size as covariates. Results: We found lower levels in risk perception, trust towards scientists and adherence to preventive behaviour among individuals with lower education, a lower level of trust towards general practitioners among individuals with higher education and no (clear) educational inequalities in perceived effec-tiveness and trust towards local and governmental authorities. Conclusion: The results underline the relevance of a comprehensive and strategic management in communicating the risks of the pandemic and the benefits of preventive health behaviours by politics and public health. Risk and benefit communication must be adapted to the different needs of social groups in order to overcome educational inequalities in risk perception, trust and adherence to pre-ventive behaviour. (c) 2022 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Bashir, M. A.Yahaya, A., IMuhammad, M.Yusuf, A. H....
7页
查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: Elevated waist circumference results from an excessive accumulation of visceral fat, causing an impairment of health. Waist circumference is highly correlated with diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. This study aimed to estimate the overall, sex-specific, and region-specific prevalence rates of central obesity in Nigeria. Study design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Online searches of Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus were conducted, and studies were selected based on predefined criteria. Random effects model was fitted using inverse variance method with correction using Sidik-Jonkman's estimator. Results: Eighteen studies consisting of 21,859 individuals conducted between 1996 and 2021 were included in the meta-analysis. Thirty-nine percent (95% confidence interval [CI]: 25%-54%, I-2= 99.3%) of adult Nigerians are centrally obese (by International Diabetes Federation criteria). This translates to estimated 46.8 million centrally obese adult Nigerians. More than half (54% [95% CI: 39%-68%]) of adult females are centrally obese. This is four times the prevalence in males (13% [95% CI: 5%-24%]). Southern regions have higher prevalence of central obesity than northern regions (48% vs 18%). The overall mean waist circumference in Nigeria is 83.8 cm (95% CI: 80.8-86.8 cm, I-2 = 99.8%, P value is <0.001). Conclusions: Females, urban residents, and individuals living in the northern part of Nigeria have a high burden of central obesity. Public health measures for halting the epidemic of obesity should be targeted at these high-risk groups. (C) 2022 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Gnanapragasam, S. N.Hodson, A.Smith, L. E.Greenberg, N....
8页
查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: Concerns have been raised about the quantity and quality of research conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly related to the mental health and wellbeing of health care workers (HCWs). For understanding the volume, source, methodological rigour and degree of overlap in COVID-19, studies were conducted among HCWs in the United Kingdom (UK). Study design: Mixed methods approach, literature review and audit. Methods: First, a literature review of published research studies and second, an audit of studies HCWs have been invited to complete. For the literature review, we searched Medline, PsycINFO and Nexis, webpages of three medical organisations (Royal Society of Medicine, Royal College of Nursing and British Medical Association), and the YouGov website. For the audit, a non-random purposive sample of six HCWs from different London NHS Trusts reviewed email, WhatsApp and SMS messages they received for study invitations. Results: The literature review identified 27 studies; the audit identified 70 study invitations. Studies identified by the literature review were largely of poor methodological rigour: only eight studies (30%) provided response rate, one study (4%) reported having ethical approval, and one study (4%) reported funding details. There was substantial overlap in the topics measured. In the audit, volunteers received a median of 12 invitations. The largest number of study invitations were for national surveys (n = 23), followed by local surveys (n = 16) and research surveys (n = 8). Conclusion: HCWs have been asked to complete numerous surveys that frequently have methodological shortcomings and overlapping aims. Many studies do not follow scientific good-practice and generate questionable, non-generalisable results. (c) 2021 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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