首页期刊导航|Acta microbiologica et immunologica Hungarica
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Acta microbiologica et immunologica Hungarica
Akademiai Kiado
Acta microbiologica et immunologica Hungarica

Akademiai Kiado

1217-8950

Acta microbiologica et immunologica Hungarica/Journal Acta microbiologica et immunologica HungaricaISTPSCI
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    The role of microbiota and immune system crosstalk in cancer development and therapy

    Behrouzi, AvaKatebi, AsalRiazi-Rad, FarhadMazaheri, Hoora...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Cancer is a multifactorial disease that is the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular disease in the world. In recent years, microbiota's role in the regulation and homeostasis of the immune system has been considered. Moreover, the immune system can affect the microbiota content. These interactions are critical to the functioning of the immune system. Numerous studies in animal and human models have shown the association of changes in microbiota components with the formation of an inhibitory microenvironment in the tumor and its escape from the immune system. Microbiota also plays a crucial role in the success of various anti-tumor treatments, and its modification leads to success in cancer treatment. The success of anti-tumor therapies that directly target the immune system, such as immune checkpoint blockade and T cell therapy, is also affected by the patient's microbiota composition. It seems that in addition to examining the patient's genetics, precision medicine should pay attention to the patient's microbiota in choosing the appropriate treatment method, and together with usual anti-tumor therapies, microbiota may be modified. This review discusses various aspects of the relationship between microbiota and anti-tumor immunity and its successful treatment.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Akademiai Kiado Zrt

    Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp.: A review of the literature

    Bulajic, NinaMiljkovic-Selimovic, BiljanaTamburp, ZoranKocic, Branislava...
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：Campylobacter spp. are commensal organisms in the intestinal tract of food producing and companion animals. There is an increasing trend of human campylobacteriosis worldwide, including complicated cases that request treatment by antibiotics. Prevalence of resistance continually increases, especially to fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines. There are many reports on multiresistant strains of Campylobacter spp. In this work we present the available information about the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. worldwide, as well as studies from Serbia published in last two decades. Campylobacter strains isolated from animal samples in Serbia showed increased prevalence of antimicrobial resistance to all clinically relevant antibiotics. Preliminary data (2014 2019) from Reference laboratory for Campylobacter and Helicobacter at the Institute of Public Health of Nis, Serbia show high resistance rates to ciprofloxacin (90%) and to tetracycline (50%) but low resistance to erythromycin (<5%) in human Campylobacter isolates.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Akademiai Kiado Zrt

    Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among primary healthcare workers in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia & Herzegovina: A cross-sectional study

    Knezevic, DarijaPetkovic, MiroslavBozic, LjiljanaMiljus, Natasa...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Healthcare workers (HCW) in primary healthcare centres in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, are on the first combat line with COVID-19. This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among HCW at the primary healthcare centres and to analyse the risk exposure to COVID-19, clinical signs and vaccination status. A cross-sectional study was conducted among HCW at the selected primary healthcare centres between 19 March and 30 April 2021. Antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 virus were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 1,023 HCW (mean age 45 years; 71% female) were included in the study. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 69.5% of all participants. There was a significant difference in seropositivity among primary healthcare centres from different geographical regions. As many as 432 (42%) of all participants had confirmed COVID-19 symptoms before the study and, 84.8% of them were seropositive. This study showed that 702 primary HCW were vaccinated with any of these vaccines: Sputnik V, Sinopharm, Pfizer/Biontech. High titre of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was found amongst those who received one (92.6%) or both (97.2%) doses of vaccines. In this study, we report high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody among HCW in primary healthcare in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina during the third pandemic wave.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Akademiai Kiado Zrt

    Changes in resistance pattern of ESKAPE pathogens between 2010 and 2020 in the clinical center of University of Szeged, Hungary

    Orosz, LaszloLengyel, GyorgyAnosi, NoelLakatos, Lorant...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：The acronym ESKAPE stands for six antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens namely, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. Monitoring their resistance is an important task for clinical microbiology laboratories. Our aim was to analyze the resistance patterns of these bacteria over ten years in clinical samples of our department. We examined the sample types from which these pathogens were most frequently isolated. The incidence of tests with resistant results for each pathogen in aggregate and the most important subgroups of each was also analyzed. We have also intended to predict the local priorities amongst these pathogens. The results of 1,268,126 antibiotic susceptibility tests performed on a total of 70,099 isolates over this period were examined. Most strains were derived from urine, blood culture, trachea, vagina, wounds, and abscesses. Prevalence of ESKAPE bacteria increased between 2011 and 2020 however, the steepest intensifications were seen in the cases of K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. The number of antibiotic susceptibility tests with resistant results has also increased over the decade but the most notable increase was detected in E. faecium and A. baumannii. Based on the calculation of antimicrobial resistance index for each pathogen, the most serious challenges for us at present are A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, and E. faecium and their multi-resistant forms. The theoretical prediction of proportion of resistant tests between 2020 and 2030 in our care area draws attention to a worrying trend in the cases of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium and carbapenemresistant A. baumannii strains.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Akademiai Kiado Zrt

    Characterization of biofilm producing methicillin resistant coagulase negative Staphylococci from India

    Kumar, A. SuneelGirija, A. S. SmilineSrilatha, B. Naga
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS) cause infectious diseases due to their potential to form biofilm and further colonization in hospital materials. This study evaluated the antibiotic susceptible phenotypes, biofilm-producing ability, and biofilm-associated genes (mecA, icaAD, bap, cna, and fnbA). Biofilm formation was detected through Congo red agar (CRA) method and MTP method. The presence of biofilm and associated genes in MR-CoNS were detected by PCR. A total of 310 (55.95%) isolates produced the biofilm. Among these isolates, Staphylococcus haemolyticus (34.83%), Staphylococcus epidermis (31.93%), Staphylococcus capitis (16.77%), Staphylococcus cohnii (10.96%), and Staphylococcus hominis (5.48%) were identified. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of CoNS isolates indicated resistance to cefoxitin (100%), erythromycin (94.8%), ciprofloxacin (66.7%), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (66.7%), gentamicin (66.12%), and clindamycin (62.9%). Resistance rate to mupirocin was 48.5% in S. epidermidis and 38.9% in S. haemolyticus isolates. All isolates were sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid. The prevalence rates of icaAD, bap, fnbA, and cna were 18.06%, 12.5%, 47.4%, and 27.4%, respectively. icaAD and bap genes were detected in 18.06% and 12.5% of MR-CoNS isolates. fnbA and cna genes were detected in 47.41% and 27.41% of MRCoNS isolates. icaAD positive strains exhibited a significant increase in the biofilm formation compared with those that lacked icaAD (0.86 (0.42, 1.39) versus 0.36 (0.14, 0.75), respectively; P < 0.001). In conclusion, the majority of MR-CoNS isolates were biofilm producers, and S. capitis, which possessed icaAD genes, ranked as the great biofilm producer than other Staphylococcus. The study's findings are important to form a strategy to control biofilm formation as an alternative strategy to counter the spread of MR-CoNS in healthcare settings.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Akademiai Kiado Zrt

    Investigation of multidrug-resistant Helicobacter pylori in pediatric patients: A Bulgarian study and literature data

    Boyanova, LyudmilaHadzhiyski, PetyoMarkovska, RumyanaGergova, Raina...
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：Antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori strains from 106 symptomatic children was evaluated according to EUCAST breakpoints and rate of multidrug resistance (MDR) was analyzed. Overall resistance rates were amoxicillin 7.5%, metronidazole 25.5%, clarithromycin 34.0% and ciprofloxacin 14.1%. There were no significant differences in resistance rates according to patients' age (2-6 and 7-18 years) and sex. Combined resistance rate was 19.8%, including double, triple, and quadruple resistance in 13.2% (14 strains), 5.7% (6) and 0.9% (1) of the strains, respectively. MDR was found in 5.9% (5/84) of the children with gastritis and in two of the four children with celiac disease. The MDR was present in three children aged 4-6 years and in four children aged 10-17 years. The total MDR rate (6.6%) in Bulgarian children in 2012-2021 was higher than those in other studies based on EUCAST breakpoints such as those in pediatric patients in Slovenia in 2011-2014 (3.8%), Lithuania in 2013-2015 (0%) and Spain in 2014-2019 (0%), although being lower than those (20.7% in the untreated and 47.0% in the treated children) in China in 2019. In brief, it is of concern that MDR can strongly limit the choice of H. pylori therapy of one out of fifteen Bulgarian children and that overall resistance to both metro-nidazole and clarithromycin can hinder the treatment of 15.1% of the pediatric patients. Susceptibility-guided tailored eradication therapy of H. pylori infection should be more frequently implemented in the symptomatic children to avoid risks of both the infection itself and multiple antibiotic treatments.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Akademiai Kiado Zrt

    Detection of AmpC and ESBL-producing Enterobacterales isolated from urinary tract infections in Tunisia

    Gdoura-Ben Amor, MarouaSaidani, MabroukaTlili, SoniaKhannous, Lamia...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most frequent human infections in community and hospitals. This study aimed to determine the distribution of bacterial uropathogens among urinary tract infections diagnosed within the regional hospital Houcine Bouzaiene (Gafsa, South West Tunisia) during a survey of 54 days from the 8th of November to the 31st of December 2017. Enterobacterales strains were tested for antimicrobial resistance by disk diffusion method and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production was tested by double-disc synergy test. Strains were further subjected to a molecular assessment of ESBL and AmpC beta-lactamase production by PCR. Overall, 173 bacterial isolates were studied, out of which 91.3% were Enterobacterales. Escherichia coli was the dominant pathogen, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae. High to moderate resistance rates were observed, ranging from 66% to 90.7% for penicillin, from 6.7% to 18.6% for cephalosporins and from 16.2% to 25.4% for fluoroquinolones. Enterobacterales with decreased susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins (3rd GC) carried several resistance genes: bIaCTX-M group 1 and group 9, and ACC and FOX AmpC beta-lactamase genes. Overall, ESBLs and AmpC beta-lactamases were detected in 57% and 14% of the 3rd GC-resistant isolates, respectively. This study proved the high potential of K. pneumaniae species to develop resistance against commonly used antibiotics. Thus, rigorous monitoring of the antibiotic resistance of clinical pathogens have to be implemented in Tunisia. Our results are very relevant to evaluate efficiency of the Tunisian therapeutic strategies against UTIs and adapt them to the emerging problem of antimicrobial resistance.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Akademiai Kiado Zrt

    Prevalence of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance genes among Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical isolates in Egypt

    Elsheredy, AmelElsheikh, AzzaGhazal, AbeerShawky, Sherine...
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important multidrug resistant nosocomial pathogen. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is considered the drug of choice for treatment of S. maltophilia infections, thus emerging resistance to TMP/SMX poses a serious threat. In the present study we aimed to investigate the frequency of TMP/SMX resistance genes (sul1, sul2, dfrA), and to evaluate their relatedness with integron 1 (int1), and insertion sequence common regions (ISCR) among 100 S. maltophilia from different clinical isolates in Egypt. Isolates were identified biochemically and confirmed by VITEK2. Detection of sul1, sul2, and dfrA genes, int1 and ISCR elements was performed by PCR. Among the 16 TMP/SMX resistant isolates, sul1 gene was detected in all of them, and it was associated with int1 gene presence in all resistant isolates. The sul2 gene was detected in 6 out of 16 resistant isolates (37.5%), and only 2 of the 16 resistant isolates (12.5%) harboured dfrA gene. ISCR was detected in 10 of the resistant isolates (62.5%) and in 4 of them it was associated with the presence of sul2 gene. Among the 84 TMP/SMX sensitive isolates, sul1 gene was detected in 15 (17.8%), int1 in 16 (19%) and ISCR in 6 (7.1%). None of the susceptible isolates had sul2 or dfrA genes. These findings point out an increasing frequency of TMP/SMX resistance genes among S. maltophilia clinical isolates in our region, so the adoption of prudent use of S. maltophilia antimicrobial agents and the establishment of a surveillance system are desperately needed.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Akademiai Kiado Zrt

    Mutation in mgrB is the major colistin resistance mechanism in Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates in Tehran, Iran

    Khoshbayan, AminShariati, ArefRazavi, ShabnamBaseri, Zohre...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Colistin is considered as one of a last resort antimicrobial agent against multidrug-resistant Gramnegative bacteria including Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. However, the recent emergence of colistin resistance (ColR) worldwide that severely restricts therapeutic options is a serious threat to global public health. In this study we have investigated the molecular determinants in ColR K. pneumoniae isolates collected from clinical specimens. A total of 98 E. coli and 195 K. pneumoniae clinical isolates were collected from two hospitals from August 2018 to December 2019 in Tehran, Iran. Colistin susceptibility and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute by disk diffusion method, and microdilution method, respectively. For isolates with colistin MIC >= 4 mu g mL(-1), PCR was performed for the detection of mcr-1 to mcr-4 genes. Moreover, nucleotide sequences of mgrB, phoP, phoQ, pmrA, and pmrB genes were determined by sequencing. Finally, the transcriptional level of pmrK and pmrC genes was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). None of the E. coli isolates were resistant to colistin while 21 out 195 K. pneumoniae isolates were identified as resistant, 19 of which carried mutation in the mgrB gene. Three different mutations were observed in the pmrB gene in 3 K. pneumoniae isolates. None of the ColR isolates showed alternations in pmrA, phoP, and phoQ genes. Furthermore, none of the plasmid-encoding genes were detected. Transcriptional level of the pmrK gene increased in all ColR isolates meanwhile, pmrC overexpression was detected in 16 out 21 (76.19%) isolates. Eventually, all ColR isolates were susceptible to tigecycline. Our results demonstrated that the alternation of mgrB gene is the main mechanism related to colistin resistance among ColR K. pneumoniae isolates in this study.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Akademiai Kiado Zrt

    Multidrug resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. isolated from cases of chronic rhinosinusitis in humans. Study from Poland

    Troscianczyk, AleksandraKowalski, CezaryPodbielska-Kubera, AdriannaMichalik, Michal...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：For many years, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) have been considered non-pathogenic bacteria. However, recently, CoNS are becoming more common bacteriological factors isolated from cases of chronic rhinosinusitis in humans. Moreover, most of them represent the multidrug-resistant or/and methicillin-resistant profile, which significantly increases the therapeutic difficulties. The aim of the study was to characterize profile of resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from cases of chronic rhinosinusitis in patients treated in a Medical Center in Warsaw in 2015-2016. The study material was derived from patients with diagnosed chronic rhinosinusitis treated at the MML Medical Center in Warsaw. The material was obtained intraoperatively from maxillary, frontal, and ethmoid sinuses. In total, 1,044 strains were isolated from the studied material. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were predominant, with the largest share of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Isolated CONS were mainly resistant to macrolide, lincosamide, and tetracycline. Among the S. epidermidis strains, we also showed 35.6% of MDR and 34.7% of methicillin-resistant strains. The same values for other non-epidermidis species were 31.5% and 18.5%, respectively and the percentage of strains with MAR >0.2 was greater in S. epidermidis (32.6%) than S. non-epidermidis (23.9%). Although the percentage of strains resistant to tigecycline, glycopeptides, rifampicin and oxazolidinones was very small (2.3%, 1.9%, 1.4% and 0.7% respectively), single strains were reported in both groups. The study has shown a high proportion of MDR and methicillin-resistant CoNS strains, which indicates a large share of drug-resistant microorganisms in the process of persistence of chronic rhinosinusitis; therefore, isolation of this group of microorganisms from clinical cases using aseptic techniques should not be neglected.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Akademiai Kiado Zrt