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Biological Control
Academic Press
Biological Control

Academic Press

1049-9644

Biological Control/Journal Biological ControlSCIISTP
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    Application of Bacillus subtilis NCD-2 can suppress cotton verticillium wilt and its effect on abundant and rare microbial communities in rhizosphere

    Ma, PingSu, ZhenheZhao, WeisongGuo, Qinggang...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Bacillus subtilis NCD-2 (BS) shows prominent biological control for cotton verticillium wilt (CVW). However, it is unknown whether the effects on the abundant and rare microbial communities in rhizosphere after application of BS. Therefore, we investigated the effects of BS treatment on the suppression of CVW and the microbial community structure in rhizosphere. BS treatment successfully suppressed CVW, achieving a control effect of 61.60%, and cotton yield increased by 6.07% compared with blank control. Moreover, application of BS resulted in 28.17%, 18.63%, and 5.08% increases in plant fresh weight, dry weight, and number of branches, respectively. However, the populations of Verticillium dahliae in rhizosphere did not decrease by BS treatment. Microbial diversity analysis showed that soil bacterial and fungal diversities were increased under BS treatment. Principal component analyses revealed that BS had significantly effect on the abundant and rare microbial communities. Higher abundances of Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Planctomycetes were observed among abundant bacterial taxa in the BS treatment. Furthermore, the abundances of Arenimonas, Hydrogenophaga, Chaetomium, Aspergillus, Nectria, Psoyrella, Conocybe, and Chrysosporium were also significantly higher than those in blank control. Redundancy analysis indicated that the microbial communities structure in BS treatment were positively related to ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), inorganic phosphorus (IP), and pH, but negatively to nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), AK, and organic matter (OM). These research results may offer theoretical bases for comprehensive the mechanism of ecological prevention and control CVW by application of BS.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Adoption of Bacillus thuringiensis-based biopesticides in agricultural systems and new approaches to improve their use in Brazil

    do Nascimento, JoacirGoncalves, Kelly CristinaDias, Nayma PintoOliveira, Jhones Luiz de...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Biopesticides based on the entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are used worldwide on broadextensions of different crops and vegetables, mainly against lepidopteran and coleopteran pests. The first attempts to use this microbial control agent as biopesticide date from 1938, but it was until 1970s that some quality constraints on the formulations were solved, and right now, multiple formulations are available in the market and are used in the field. The high selectivity of Bt pesticidal proteins, without harming natural enemies and non-target organisms, is the main factor involved in their reduced environmental risk, in contrast with the broad-spectrum chemical pesticides. Moreover, the high efficacy of Bt biopesticides has already played a significant role in suppressing some pests' outbreaks. Nevertheless, despite the improvements of Bt formulations over the past 50 years, abiotic factors such as temperature, ultraviolet radiation, rainfall, and other factors such as farmer practices are still considered the main obstacles to the broader adoption of Bt biopesticides. Here, we discuss the challenges of Bt biopesticides and the perspectives to improve their adoption, including tank mixtures, technology application, formulations, and insect resistance.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Use of Bacillus velezensis SDTB022 against tobacco black shank (TBS) and the biochemical mechanism involved

    Qiu, YueYan, Hao-HaoSun, Shou-MinWang, Yong-Qiang...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Induced resistance (IR) is a defense against diseases that stimulate the overexpression of related resistance genes in plants to enhance their defense capabilities against multiple pathogens. We identified strain SDTB022 which has good biocontrol effects and was stored in our laboratory as Bacillus velezensis based on physiological and biochemical tests and the 16S rRNA, gyrA and gyrB genes. We found that SDTB022 had a poor direct inhibitory effect against the mycelial growth of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae, the causal agent of tobacco black shank (TBS). Interestingly, B. velezensis SDTB022 promoted plant growth in the greenhouse and increased plant yield and disease defense responses in the field. After treatment with SDTB022, the activities of defense enzymes in tobacco, such as polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), significantly increased. However, the MDA content in tobacco decreased. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR results showed that the tobacco PR1a, PR3 and PR5 genes were upregulated, the PDF1.2 gene was down regulated, and SA-dependent signal transduction pathways induced systemic acquired resistance and disease resistance throughout the entire plant. These results indicate that the PGPR strain B. velezensis SDTB022 can effectively control TBS disease by inducing tobacco resistance. B. velezensis SDTB022 can possibly be used as a biological pesticide against TBS disease in modern agriculture.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Systematic cultivar selection for weed biological control risk assessment

    Lefoe, GregHauser, Cindy E.Steel, JackieSlater, Anthony T....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Classical biological control is important for long-term, sustainable management of invasive species such as weeds. To be acceptable for introduction, new biocontrol agents must not damage crops, native plants, or other valued non-target species. Host-specificity experiments inform risk assessment of new biocontrol agents by prioritising and testing non-target plant species. Susceptibility to damage can also vary between cultivars of the same species, yet current protocols for the selection of test plant species inadequately address cultivar differences. Poor selection increases the risk of failing to detect non-target damage. We developed criteria for prioritising cultivars and a process chart (the 'decision support tool') to guide the selection of cultivars for biological control host-specificity testing. We reviewed and documented current cultivar selection practice published in prominent biological control journals and government documents to further explore current best practice for cultivar selection. To demonstrate the utility of the tool, we then applied the decision support tool to a complex host-specificity testing case study. In our review, most papers either did not mention cultivars of the cultivated plant species being tested, or they provided incomplete descriptions of cultivars without explaining omissions. Only one of 29 papers fully described the method for selecting and prioritising cultivars and reported the results for each cultivar tested. Our application of the process chart to a potato testing case study generated a feasible short-list of cultivars which can be scrutinized and updated. We showed how selections could be made through a collaborative and transparent process involving key stakeholders and decision makers. We have identified an example of under-reporting in classical biological control which, if not addressed, could impede progress in the sustainable management of invasive species. The decision support tool we developed has broad application in weed biological control risk assessment. We demonstrated that the decision tool is easy to use, can account for uncertainty, is adaptable to different species, and is suitable for both small and large cultivar groups irrespective of complexity. Our approach will result in more transparent, defensible, and reproducible cultivar selection practices, leading to greater confidence in biological control risk assessments.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Response of specialist and generalist predators to nonprogressive annual fluctuations in herbivorous insect populations

    Koike, ShinsukeTaniwaki, ToruWatanabe, KyoheiKomine, Hirotaka...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：To control sawfly populations that cause a forest management problem due to feeding damage, it is necessary to understand the mechanism of eruptive outbreak in erratic intervals by clarifying the responses of natural enemies to the host population fluctuations. In this study, we investigated annual beech sawfly population fluctuations and its predator, ichneumonid parasitoid wasps (as specialists) and predatory soldier beetles (as generalists). In addition, yearly responses of predators to the host emerging patterns were examined using structural equation modeling. The results revealed that ichneumonid wasps showed a non-delayed synchronous response to erratic fluctuation of the host population, resulting in the maintenance of a constant parasitism ratio. In contrast, soldier beetle population, which tends to moderately fluctuate while maintaining a specific density, showed a low-intensity delayed response without significance in the model. These predator populations without strong delayed density-dependent response are quite unlikely to highly densify causing mass mortality to the host population in the both the current and following years of outbreak. In places where eruptive outbreaks of sawfly species repeatedly occur in erratic intervals, sawfly populations are possibly maintained in high density due to the low mortality ratio caused by predators.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Compositional and functional comparison on the rhizosphere microbial community between healthy and Sclerotium rolfsii-infected monkshood (Aconitum carmichaelii) revealed the biocontrol potential of healthy monkshood rhizosphere microorganisms

    Li, YulongHe, FeiGuo, QiaoFeng, Zhaoyang...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Southern blight of monkshood (Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.) caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is one of the most destructive diseases causing tuber rot in the monoculture system. No studies have explored the differences of rhizosphere microbial communities between healthy and S. rolfsii-infected monkshood plants. Further, it remains unknown whether the rhizosphere microorganisms are associated with plant resistance to S. rolfsii infection. Therefore, in this study, the relationship between rhizosphere microorganisms and plant health of monkshood was assessed after S. rolfsii infection. High-throughput sequencing and culture-dependent methods were used to analyze the rhizosphere microbiome of healthy and diseased monkshood plants. Petri dish assays were performed to determine the effects of 10 dominant isolates from healthy or diseased samples on the growth of S. rolfsii hyphae and melon seedlings (as a model plant to test the plant growth promotion effect of these isolates). Two synthetic communities were constructed to verify the effects of dominant isolates on the growth and resistance of monkshood plants in pots after infection. The results showed that there were pronounced structural and functional differences in the bacterial and fungal communities between the rhizosphere soils of healthy and diseased plants. The diluted culture filtrates of some dominant isolates from diseased samples (such as Humicola fuscoatra and Fusarium commune) either promoted hyphal growth of S. rolfsii or inhibited seedling growth of melon; the synthetic community showed an inhibitory effect on monkshood growth and leaf L-phenylalanin ammonia-lyase activity, resulting in early and severe symptoms. Conversely, the diluted culture filtrates of some dominant isolates from healthy samples (such as Trichoderma hamatum and Streptomyces fungicidicus) inhibited S. rolfsii growth while promoting melon growth; the synthetic community elicited an improvement of monkshood growth and defense enzyme activity, resulting in mild symptoms. The results provide new insight into the role of rhizosphere microorganisms in plant health and open new avenues for controlling southern blight of monkshood.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Biopriming chilli seeds with Trichoderma asperellum: A study on biopolymer compatibility with seed and biocontrol agent for disease suppression

    Chin, Jia MayLim, Yau YanTing, Adeline Su Yien
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：In this study, the biocontrol agent, Trichoderma asperellum, was bioprimed onto chilli seeds using several biopolymers (sodium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, gum arabic, xanthan gum). T. asperellum showed > 60 % growth inhibition towards Fusarium solani and Pythium ultimum, and is used subsequently for all tests. The compatibility of biopolymers to seed and T. asperellum, and the performance of the bioprimed seeds in tolerating disease is then assessed. Results showed that 1.5 % w:v sodium alginate (SA1.5) (imbibed for 1 h) has the highest compatibility with chilli seeds, with percentage of germination at 77.78 +/- 4.44 %, seed vigour index at 320.79 +/- 58.14 and germination rate at 1.27 +/- 0.06. This treatment (SA1.5) also resulted in high coating efficacy, retaining 83.17 % of viable spores on chilli seeds and maintaining spore viability (4.08 +/- 0.03 log spore/seed) after 24 h post-biopriming. SEM observations revealed high distribution of spores on chilli seeds with the use of SA1.5. With a treatment of just 102 spores/mL, the bioprimed seeds were able to suppress disease severity (DS) by F. solani in potted trials (27.33 +/- 4.04 % DS). This is attributed to mycoparasitic properties of T. asperellum. Under F. solani infection, low proline level was recorded in bioprimed seedlings (0.94 +/- 0.01 mu mol/g fr. wt.) compared to non-bioprimed seedlings (5.05 +/- 0.13 mu mol/g fr. wt.), suggesting T. asperellum protected seedlings from pathogen. By contrast, the formulation of T. asperellum was less effective towards P. ultimum, as relatively high proline level (3.37 +/- 0.05 mu mol/g fr. wt.) and a lower total phenolic content (99.61 +/- 4.29 mg GAE/100 g fr. wt.) were recorded. To conclude, our results revealed the compatibility of biopolymers, specifically sodium alginate with chilli seeds and T. asperellum, leading to enhanced efficacy in seed biopriming and seed tolerance to infection by F. solani.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Functional response of Neoseiulus californicus preying on Tetranychus urticae is affected by prey quality and host-plant acclimation

    Merlin, Bruna L.Ferreira, Lucia P.Godoy, Wesley A. C.Moraes, Gilberto J....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：The functional response of predatory mites is affected by several biotic factors such as host plant and prey quality, which are often difficult to disentangle. For this reason, the effects of prey quality and predator acclimation to host plant-prey systems on the functional response of predatory mites are little known. The effects of prey quality were tested by offering eggs of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), reared on cotton, maize, pinto bean, and tomato plants, to Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), reared on leaves of jack-bean plants. The effect of acclimation to prey-host plant systems on the functional response was assessed in N. californicus reared for successive generations in one of four T. urticae-host plant systems (cotton, maize, pinto bean, and tomato). Females of N. californicus were then offered eggs of T. urticae reared on jack-bean leaves as prey. Cotton plants drastically interfered with prey quality, assessed as the thermochemical caloric content of T. urticae eggs, resulting in a type III functional response. Females of N. californicus acclimated to the prey-cotton system also showed a type III functional response, while females in all remaining treatments showed a type II functional response. Prey quality also interfered with the attack rate of predators with a type II functional response. These results indicated that changes in the functional response after acclimation occur as an effect of nutrition. The functional response is an important characteristic of predator-prey interactions, and these results may contribute to the rearing and use of predatory mites in applied biological control.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Decline of the invasive plant Asparagus asparagoides within the first seven years after release of biological control agents in Australia

    Morin, LouiseForrester, Robert, IBatchelor, KathrynHoltkamp, Royce...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：There is ample anecdotal evidence and expert opinion on the adverse impact of imported biological control agents on populations of invasive plants, but still a paucity of quantitative data. Asparagus asparagoides (bridal creeper), a perennial climber with an extensive below-ground network of rhizomes and tubers, was considered one of the most invasive plants of natural ecosystems in southern Australia in the 1990s. A long-term experiment was conducted at 15 sites invaded by A. asparagoides across Australia to determine whether its growth and reproduction declined following the release of two biological control agents: a leafhopper (undescribed Erythroneurini formerly referred to as Zygina sp.) and rust fungus (Puccinia myrsiphylli). Data on A. asparagoides were collected annually at each site for up to 3 years before the release of one or both agents in 2000 or 2001, and up to 7 years after release to capture spatial and temporal variability. Our results showed a steady decrease in A. asparagoides seedling and shoot density, and total above-ground biomass in quadrats across all sites in the years following the release of the leafhopper and/or rust fungus. The number of fruits produced in quadrats
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Discovering naturally-occurring microbiota in disease suppressive soil: Potential role of biological elements in suppressing Ganoderma boninense

    Ting, Adeline Su YienGoh, Yit KhengZoqratt, Muhammad Zarul Hanifah MdGoh, You Keng...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Blenheim soil (Typic Quartzipsamment) and Bernam soil (Typic Endoaquept) with low and high Ganoderma basal stem rot (BSR) incidence, respectively, were studied to determine the role of naturally-occurring microbiota in suppressing basal stem rot (BSR) disease in oil palm. These coastal soils were also compared against a typical soil for nursery use, the inland Bungor soil (Typic Kandiudults). For each soil type, half of the soils were sterilized by autoclaving, and the other half were non-sterilized. These soils were then used for the microbiome analysis, evaluation of disease incidences, and effect on plant growth. Soil microbial communities were profiled using 16S and 18S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq. Polybag trials were conducted over a period of 20 weeks. Results showed that by eliminating or inactivating the indigenous microbial communities from BSR-suppressive Blenheim soil through sterilization, this increased BSR incidences (from 50 to 92%) and severity (from 28 to 78%), and affected plant growth (reduction of 35% leaf area, 11% height, and 19% bole's girth). Soil microbiome analysis revealed that Acidobacteriota, Nitrospirota, Latesbaciterota, Nanoarchaeota, Entotheonellaeta, Zixibacteria, Candidatus Yanofskybacteria (Patescibacteria), MB-A2-108 (Actinobacteriota), Cnidaria and Acaulospora (Mucoromycota) were less prevalent in sterilized Blenheim soil compared to non sterilized Blenheim soil. Relative abundance of the genus Ganoderma was also lower in BSR-suppressive Blenheim soil compared to sterilized Blenheim soil. In contrast, disease development and plant growth remained unaffected by sterilization of BSR-conducive Bernam and Bungor soils, suggesting that naturally-occurring microbiota in these two soils played minimal roles in contributing to conducive conditions for disease development. Relative abundance of Ganoderma was higher in BSR-conducive Bernam and Bungor soils as well, compared to BSR-suppressive Blenheim. Results from this study provides the first insights into the soil microbiota in BSR suppressive soils and their role in BSR disease progression and growth of oil palms.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier