查看更多>>摘要：There are certain advantages in applying an airlift photobioreactor (PBR) intended for microalgae culture to a building facade, such as making use of the solar illuminated surfaces and the possibility of chemical recycling through photosynthetic growth (utilizing the carbon dioxide emissions from boiler combustion, for example). This study concerns the development of a thermal model for integral building-facade photo-bioreactors which can predict dynamic changes in the temperature of the culture medium in response to changes in meteorological conditions, taking into account the thermal interchange with the host building. The proposed model was experimentally validated with data obtained in outdoor conditions, using a pilot-scale system (SymBiO2-Box) located in Saint-Nazaire (France), and subsequently used to set up numerical simulations and optimization studies to develop control strategies for efficient thermal regulation of the PBR with optimal energy consumption. The advantage of using an active passageway between the facade and PBRs was investigated in particular.
查看更多>>摘要：In Tunisia, olive mill waste water (OMW) is discharged into evaporation ponds where they turn into solid waste (OMSW) and become a serious threat to the environment. This paper addresses for the first time how to valorize OMSW into a biochar (BC) that can be used as an adsorbent aiming at either the recovery or the removal of polyphenols from the OMW. In this work, BC was produced through the pyrolysis of OMSW. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approach was used for optimization of the process parameters. Analysis of variance revealed that all four parameters (pH, adsorbent dosage, pyrolysis temperature and polyphenols loading) had a significant effect on the adsorption (p<0.05). pH proved to be the most highly significant variable. The nonlinear Freundlich isotherm model was found to better describe the experimental adsorption process (R~2 = 0.9911), while maximum polyphenol adsorption at 30 °C was 140.47 mg/g. Indeed, OMW is known as a source of natural antioxidant such as Hydroxytyrosol. In this work, hydrxytyrosol proved to have a high adsorption affinity for the BC. Therefore, adsorption using BC is an appropriate technique that maximizes the recuperation of hydroxytyrosol. After detoxification, OMW is invested for a variety of applications.
查看更多>>摘要：Thin-film composite polyesteramide nanofiltration membrane prepared from carboxylated chitosan and trimesoyl chloride was carefully tailored during its fabrication process of inter-facial polymerization. The effects of post-curing, mid-drying and the addition of phase transfer catalysts on the membrane properties were studied using single-factor experiment. Post-curing was found to be effective in improving the separation performance of the membrane containing high concentrations of carboxylated chitosan, and the optimal post-curing effect was achieved at a temperature of 40 °C and curing time range of 15-20 min. Mid-drying enhanced the permeation flux and salt rejection of the membrane containing low concentrations of carboxylated chitosan, and the optimum temperature range for the mid-drying process was obtained at 30-40 °C. Furthermore, the membrane properties were susceptible to the addition of phase transfer catalysts, and a uniformly distributed phase transfer catalyst is vital to its influence on membrane properties. The addition of 0.025 wt% benzyl-triethylammonium chloride to the aqueous solution exhibited the best effect towards the improvement of the separation performance of the produced membrane.
查看更多>>摘要：Energy storage systems (ESS) are becoming more prevalent and indispensable in modern electrical infrastructure. The process of choosing the proper type of ESS technology for the application is the first step in designing the best performing ESS. However, the selection process involves a variety of factors, and currently there lacks a sophisticated and systematic framework for convenient energy storage selection. This paper develops a data-driven optimization framework for selecting energy storage systems for general energy system applications. In the framework, a supervised classification machine learning method is proposed for the first time to quantify the technical suitability of energy storage technologies for different applications. The DOE Global Energy Storage Database provided the basic information for machine learning, and the Random Forest Classifier had the best prediction performance for this dataset. The probability of technical suitability can be predicted and further incorporated in a multi-objective optimization for technology recommendation based on integrated technical, economic, and environmental criteria. As a demonstration of the methodology, the prediction of technical suitability and recommendation of technology selection were conducted for eleven common energy storage applications. The result showed that the prediction of technical suitability and the multi-objective optimization yielded reasonable recommendations compared with the literature. In conclusion, the proposed data-driven decision-making approach can be used as a convenient tool to help decision-makers make informed decisions when choosing the energy storage system for general applications.
查看更多>>摘要：Water is an extraordinary fundamental hotspot for the esse of life on earth. Heavy metal is a collection of metalloids and metals with atomic density greater than the 4000 kg/m~3. These metals are poisonous in nature and give rise to critical health issues in creatures and wellbeing, even at exceptionally low concentrations. These metals go into the aquatic system by different activities. Different treatment methodologies, their pretreatment strategies, regeneration of adsorbed contaminants exhaustively examined in this survey. Of all the available methodologies adsorption strategy is a preferred choice over different procedures as it can dispense these metals also at low fixation. Pretreatment is fundamentally performed for expanding the sorption limit and efficiency which can be performed utilizing different techniques. The commonly employed sorption models have been reviewed in this survey. The essential goals of this survey is to incorporate an outline of adsorption for the ejection of poisonous contaminations in aquatic systems by utilising different agro-based materials as adsorbents and its correlation in the expulsion of heavy metals. The suggestions for additional extent of exploration which should be possible have been talked about exhaustively.
查看更多>>摘要：Vapor-phase decomposition of formic acid on Rh/Al2O3 catalyst was studied performing experiments in an isothermal annular microreactor. Effects of operating conditions on formic acid conversion and composition of products mixture were explored. Formic acid conversion was activated at 150 °C and two parallel decomposition routes were involved: dehydrogenation (predominant reaction) and dehydration (minor reaction). It was shown that water gas shift reaction played a kinetic role only above 300 °C. At T > 500 °C, the system reached chemical equilibrium, with formic acid achieving complete conversion around 400 °C. The kinetic relevance of each reaction step of this triangular network was singled out to derive a molecular kinetic scheme. This kinetic analysis demonstrated that, despite being a minor reactivity, formic acid dehydration is characterized by a lower activation energy with respect to dehydrogenation (50 vs 67 kJ/mol). Unfavorable energetics of the competing reactions and unfavorable low-temperature water gas shift are the kinetic factors behind the impossibility to obtain CO-free H2 in the low temperature region on Rh catalyst. Conversely, a sensitivity analysis on water gas shift kinetics showed that the selectivity can be optimized at intermediate temperatures by selectively promoting the consecutive consumption of CO to CO2, which opens to catalyst design and bifunc-tional catalysts.
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