查看更多>>摘要:? 2022 Elsevier Inc.The interaction between cytochrome c (Cyt) and potential vanadium drugs, formed by 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridinonate (dhp) and maltolate (ma), was studied by ElectroSpray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS). Since under physiological conditions redox processes are possible, the binding of the complexes in the oxidation state +IV and +V, [VIVO(dhp)2], [VIVO(ma)2], [VVO2(dhp)2]? and [VVO2(ma)2]?, was examined. In all systems VIV,V–L–Cyt adducts are observed, their formation depending on V oxidation state, ligand L and metal concentration. The larger stability of vanadium(IV) than vanadium(V) complexes favors the interaction of the moieties VIVOL2 and VIVOL+ with VIV, while with VV adducts with VVO2L and VVO2+ fragments are observed. The analysis of the protein structure suggests that Glu4, Glu21, Asp50, Glu62, Glu66 and Glu104 are the most plausible candidates for monodentate coordination, while the couples (Asp2, Glu4), (Glu92, Asp93) and (His33, Glu104) for bidentate binding. The values of E1/2 for [VIVO(dhp)2] and [VIVO(ma)2], measured by cyclic voltammetry (CV), 0.53 V and 0.60 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode, indicate that the oxidation of VIV to VV is possible. The presence of a protein can alter the redox behavior and stabilize one of the states, VIV or VV. Overall, the data reinforce the conclusion that, for V drugs, the biotransformation is fundamental to explain their biological action and the analysis should not be limited to the ligand exchange and hydrolysis but also include the redox processes, and that a mixture of VIV and VV species, VIV,V–L–Protein and VIV,V–Protein, could be responsible of the pharmacological effects.