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Breeding science
Japanese Society of Breeding
Breeding science

Japanese Society of Breeding

1344-7610

Breeding science/Journal Breeding scienceSCIISTP
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    Transferring of clubroot-resistant locus CRd from Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) to canola (Brassica napus) through interspecific hybridization

    Zhan, ZongxiangShah, NadilJia, RuLi, Xiaonan...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Clubfoot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae is one of the most severe threats to brassica species in China and worldwide. Breeding for clubroot resistant varieties is one of the best ways to overcome this disease. In this study, we introduced clubroot resistance (CR) gene CRd from Chinese cabbage (85-74) into elite Brassica napus inbred line Zhongshuang 11 through interspecific hybridization and subsequent backcrossing with whole-genome molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS). The resistant test of CRd to P. brassicae isolates was evaluated in the greenhouse as well as in field conditions. Close linkage markers and the wholechromosome background marker selection approach improved the recovery rate from 78.3% in BC1 to 100% in BC3F1 . The improved clubroot-resistant variety, Zhongshuang 11R, was successfully selected in the BC3F2 generation. The greenhouse and field resistant tests revealed that Zhongshuang 11R was resistant to P. brassicae pathotypes. The agronomic characteristics of Zhongshuang 11R were similar to those of its recurrent parental line, including oil content, composition of fatty acid, plant height, primary effective branches, grain yield per plant and thousand-seed weight. In addition, the oil quality could satisfy the quality requirements for commercial rapeseed oil. Our results will enrich the resistant resources of canola and will certainly accelerate clubroot resistance breeding programs in B. napus.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Japanese Soc Breeding

    Genetic variation and genetic control of intraspikelet differences in grain weight and seed dormancy in wild and domesticated emmer wheats

    Ohta, Shoji
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：Seed dormancy, a vital strategy for wild plant species to adapt to an unpredictable environment in their natu??? ral habitats, was eliminated from cereals during the domestication process. Intraspikelet differences in grain size and seed dormancy have been observed in wild emmer wheat. To elucidate the genetic variation of these intraspikelet differences and to determine their genetic control, grain weight ratio (first florets/second florets) (GWR), germination rate, and germination index (GI) were analyzed in 67 wild and 82 domesticated emmer wheat accessions, as well as F1 hybrids, F2 populations, and F3???F6 populations derived from reciprocal crosses between wild and domesticated lines. Only the grains on the first florets of two-grained spikelets in wild accessions had varying degrees of dormancy with GI ranging from 0 to 1, which positively correlated with their GWR. This implies that wild emmer populations comprised genotypes with varying degrees of dormancy, including nondormant genotypes. According to segregations observed in F2 populations, the intra??? spikelet grain weight difference was controlled by two independently inherited loci. Furthermore, low-GWR populations with low or high GI values could be selected in F5 and F6 generations, implying that the major loci associated with dormancy might be independent of intraspikelet grain weight difference.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Japanese Soc Breeding

    Identification of resistance to FHB and molecular cytogenetics of interspecific derivatives between wheat and Psathyrostachys huashanica

    Hou, ChenchenHan, JingZhang, LiangliangGeng, Qiang...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Psathyrostachys huashanica is a relative of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with many disease resistance genes that can be used to improve wheat disease resistance. In order to enrich the germplasm resources available in wheat genetics and breeding, we assessed Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance in 45 interspecific deriva??? tives between wheat and Psathyrostachys huashanica during two years from 2017???2018. Two interspecific derivatives comprising, H-34-8-2-6-1 and H-24-3-1-5-19-1 were identified as FHB resistant lines. These two lines were examined based on their morphology and cytogenetics, as well as by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), molecular markers, and 660K genotyping array to deter??? mine their genetic construction. The results confirmed H-34-8-2-6-1 as a wheat???P. huashanica 1Ns long arm ditelosomic addition line and H-24-3-1-5-19-1 as a wheat???P. huashanica 2Ns substitution line. Assessments of the agronomic traits showed that H-34-8-2-6 had significantly higher kernel number per spike and selffertility rate than parent 7182. In addition, compared with 7182, H-24-3-1-5-19-1 had a much lower plant height while the other agronomic traits were relatively similar. The two new lines are valuable germplasm materials for breeding FHB resistance in wheat.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Japanese Soc Breeding

    Identification of a unique allele in the quantitative trait locus for crown root number in japonica rice from Japan using genome-wide association studies

    Teramoto, ShotaYamasaki, MasanoriUga, Yusaku
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：To explore the genetic resources that could be utilized to help improve root system architecture phenotypes in rice (Oryza sativa), we have conducted genome-wide association studies to investigate maximum root length and crown root number in 135 10-day-old Japanese rice accessions grown hydroponically. We identified a quantitative trait locus for crown root number at approximately 32.7 Mbp on chromosome 4 and designated it qNCR1 (quantitative trait locus for Number of Crown Root 1). A linkage disequilibrium map around qNCR1 suggested that three candidate genes are involved in crown root number: a cullin (LOC_Os04g55030), a gibberellin 20 oxidase 8 (LOC_Os04g55070), and a cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel (LOC_Os04g55080). The combination of haplotypes for each gene was designated as a haploblock, and haploblocks 1, 2, and 3 were defined. Compared to haploblock 1, the accessions with haploblocks 2 and 3 had fewer crown roots; approximately 5% and 10% reductions in 10-day-old plants and 15% and 25% reductions in 42-day-old plants, respectively. A Japanese leading variety Koshihikari and its progenies harbored haploblock 3. Their crown root number could potentially be improved using haploblocks 1 and 2.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Japanese Soc Breeding

    Hybridization with Fagopyrum cymosum Meisn. as a way to make cultivated Tartary buckwheat (F. tataricum Gaertn.) with grain characteristics typical for common buckwheat (F. esculentum Moench.)

    Fesenko, Ivan N.Bondarev, Nikolay I.V. Rezunova, OlgaEvsyuticheva, Darya E....
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：Compared to common buckwheat (F. esculentum), Tartary buckwheat (F. tataricum) is very polymorphic in the type of seeds, but a seed type which is typical for F. esculentum, i.e. triangular seeds with flat sides and clear ribs, has been not found among the polymorphism. However, such seed type is typical for wild species F. cymosum which produces fertile hybrids in crosses with F. tataricum. Embryo rescue based interspecific cross F. esculentum ?? F. cymosum allowed reveal functional allelism of the genes determining the similar morphs of these species??? seeds, i.e. the seed type resulted from mutation(s) at same gene. The gene can be assigned as TAN (triangular). Variation for the seed shell thickness among recessives for the TAN carrying about 12% of F. tataricum genome, together with the shell thickness of a seed from the F1 hybrid F. esculentum ?? F. cymosum compared to ones of the parents, suggests there are some genes influencing seed shell thickness. Also, it was supported by analyses of seeds characteristics of Tartary-based forms with some share of F. cymosum genetic material. In addition, cross F. tataricum ?? F. cymosum looks like an effective tool to increase 1000-seed weight of Tartary buckwheat-based breeding material.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Japanese Soc Breeding

    Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for low temperature tolerance at the young microspore stage in rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Australian breeding material

    Proud, ChristopherCampbell, BradleySusanti, ZuzianaFukai, Shu...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Low temperatures at the young microspore stage (YMS) decreases spikelet fertility and is a major limiting factor to rice production in temperate Australia. Low temperature tolerance is a difficult trait to phenotype, hence there is a strong desire for the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for their use in marker-assisted selection (MAS). Association mapping was used in several breeding populations with a known source of low temperature tolerance, Norin PL8, to identify QTL for low temperature tolerance. A novel QTL for spikelet fertility was identified on chromosome 6, qYMCT6.1, in which the Australian variety, Kyeema, was the donor for increased fertility. Additional five genomics regions were identified that co-located with previously reported QTL, two of which have been previously cloned. Additionally, for the first time a QTL for spikelet fertility qYMCT10.1, has been shown to co-locate with the number of dehisced anthers qYMCTF10.1 which increases the shedding of pollen from the anthers. This study revealed one new QTL for low temperature tolerance at YMS in temperate japonica germplasm and identified an additional five previ-ously reported. These QTL will be utilised for MAS in the Australian rice breeding program and may have merit for temperate breeding programs globally.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Japanese Soc Breeding

    The origin and distribution of 'Kokubu'-type splice-site mutations of the MLO genes in tobacco varieties

    Arai, MasaoKomatsu, TomoyukiUdagawa, HisashiTajima, Tomoyuki...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Japanese domestic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivar ???Kokubu??? shows high powdery mildew resis-tance that is controlled by splice-site mutations of two MILDEW LOCUS O genes, NtMLO1 and NtMLO2. We investigated the existence of the same NtMLO1/2 splice mutations in the genomes of various tobacco varieties cultivated in Japan and other countries. In total, 14 Japanese domestic cultivars, which were mainly distributed in Kagoshima, had splice-site mutations in both NtMLO1 and NtMLO2. In addition, tobacco culti-vars containing only the NtMLO1 splice-site mutation were found in various tobacco production areas in Japan, but no cultivars with only the NtMLO2 splice-site mutation were detected. Moreover, the NtMLO1 splice-site mutation was detected in native Asian, Oriental and cigar tobacco varieties. Consequently, we speculate that these powdery mildew-resistant tobacco cultivars were generated relative recently in the Kagoshima area when a spontaneous mutation occurred at the NtMLO2 splice site in a cultivar already con-taining the NtMLO1 splice-site mutation and that the NtMLO1 splice-site mutation occurred during the early period of tobacco seed dissemination from the Americas to Asia and Japan.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Japanese Soc Breeding

    Developing core marker sets for effective genomic-assisted selection in wheat and barley breeding programs

    Ishikawa, GoroSakai, HiroakiMizuno, NobuyukiSolovieva, Elena...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) are widely cultivated temperate crops. In breeding programs with these crops in Japan, effective genomic-assisted selection was performed by selecting core marker sets from thousands of genome-wide amplicon sequencing markers. The core sets consist of 768 and 960 markers for barley and wheat, respectively. These markers are distributed evenly across the genomes and effectively detect widely distributed polymorphisms in the chromosomes. The core set utility was assessed using 1,032 barley and 1,798 wheat accessions across the country. Minor allele frequency and chromosomal distributions showed that the core sets could effectively capture polymorphisms across the entire genome, indicating that the core sets are applicable to highly-related advanced breeding materials. Using the core sets, we also assessed the trait value predictability. As observed via fivefold cross-validation, the prediction accuracies of six barley traits ranged from 0.56-0.74 and 0.62 on average, and the corresponding values for eight wheat traits ranged from 0.44-0.83 and 0.65 on average. These data indicate that the established core marker sets enable breeding processes to be accelerated in a cost-effective manner and provide a strong foundation for further research on genomic selection in crops.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Japanese Soc Breeding

    A large deletion within intron 20 sequence of single-copy PolA1 gene as a useful marker for the speciation in Oryza AA-genome species

    Htet, Aung HtutMakabe, SoTakahashi, HirokoSamuel, Poku Aduse...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Oryza AA-genome complex comprises five wild species, O. rufipogon, O. barthii, O. longistaminata, O. glumaepatula, and O. meridionalis. Evolutionary relationships among these five wild species have remained contentious and inconclusive. We found that intron 20 of PolA1, a single-copy nuclear gene, was short (S-type: 141???142 bp) in O. rufipogon, O. barthii, and O. glumaepatula, while long (L-type: ca. 1.5 kb) introns were apparent in O. longistaminata and O. meridionalis. Because Oryza species containing BB, CC, EE, FF, and GG genome showed L-type introns, the S-type intron was probably derived from the L-type intron by the deletion of a 1.4 kb fragment through intramolecular homologous recombination between two tandem TTTTGC repeats. Excluding the large deletion sequence, intron 20 sequence of O. barthii was identi??? cal to that of O. longistaminata. As more than 3,470 accessions of O. rufipogon and O. sativa also contained the same intron 20 sequence with O. longistaminata except for single T-nucleotide deletion, which was shared with O. glumaepatuala, the deletion of the T-nucleotide probably occurred in the L-type intron 20 of O. logistaminata. Deletions of a large 1.4 kb fragment and single T-nucleotide within the intron 20 of PolA1 gene were considered as useful DNA markers to study the evolutionary relationships among Oryza AAgenome species.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Japanese Soc Breeding

    Development of diagnostic molecular markers for marker-assisted breeding against bacterial wilt in tomato (vol 70, 462, 2020)

    Abebe, Alebel MekuriawChoi, JinwooKim, YoungjunOh, Chang-Sik...
    1页
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Japanese Soc Breeding