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Ichnos
Harwood Academic
Ichnos

Harwood Academic

1042-0940

Ichnos/Journal Ichnos
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    Dinosaur taphonomy of the Jurassic Shishugou Formation (Northern Junggar Basin, NW China) – insights from bioerosional trace fossils on bone

    Augustin Felix J.Matzke Andreas T.Maisch Michael W.Pfretzschner Hans-Ulrich...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Bioerosional trace fossils can offer invaluable insights into taphonomic processes, ecosystem dynamics and environmental conditions that are not obtainable by other lines of evidence. Here, we describe the first invertebrate trace fossils on dinosaur bone from the Upper Jurassic Shishugou Formation of the northeastern Junggar Basin. The traces occur as spherical holes in the bone, closely resembling boreholes attributed to either indeterminate insects or dermestid beetles and thus they are here likewise ascribed to feeding and/or pupation by necrophagous insects. Such bioerosional trace fossils have several taphonomical and palaeoecological implications for they are only inflicted on subaerially exposed tissues and preferentially when carcasses are desiccated. We, therefore, conclude that the dinosaur carcass was exposed for at least several weeks under a semi-arid and seasonal climate before it was buried by sediment. This supports the general palaeoclimatological and paleoenvironmental reconstructions for the Shishugou Formation from sedimentological data. Moreover, this is the first evidence for invertebrate–vertebrate interactions from the Late Jurassic of Asia, offering a novel glimpse into the diverse biotic relationships of this ancient Jurassic ecosystem.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Taylor & Francis

    Enigmatic vertebrate trackway from the Scalby Formation (Middle Jurassic) Yorkshire, United Kingdom, with discussion of archosaur and ‘mammal’ trace fossils

    Panciroli ElsaRomano Mike
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：We describe a new and unusual vertebrate trackway from the Middle Jurassic Scalby Formation of the Cleveland Basin, Yorkshire, United Kingdom. The Enigmatic Burniston Trackway (EBT) is the first and only example of such a trackway known from this region. The best preserved EBT print, belonging to a pentadactyl tetrapod, does not resemble any known Middle Jurassic ichnogenus, but shares features with Triassic and Cretaceous archosaur and synapsid ichnotaxa. EBT most closely resembles the Triassic ichnogenus Synaptichnium in having the longest digit III, shortest digits I and V, and digit V positioned posterior to the other digits. Synaptichnium has been assigned to various trackmakers, including crocodylomorphs, and early archosaurs (‘thecodonts’ and aetosaurs). However, the anteriorly oriented digits and reduced and posterolaterally placed digit V of EBT also resemble Sederipes from the Cretaceous, and Dicynodontipus from the Permian-Triassic (both representing large-bodied synapsid or ‘mammal’ trackmakers). Unlike most traces assigned to cynodont (including mammalian) or crocodylomorph makers, EBT has low total digit divergence. Digit imprints end in short claws and the pes is rotated by ～20° outwards in relation to the manus. Preservation is fragmentary for most of the trackway and the specimen could not be collected, but we record it here and provide comparative context within the existing ichnofossil record. We discuss the issues regarding ‘mammal’ ichnofossil literature, including taxonomic nomenclature, inconsistent diagnostic criteria, and assumptions made previously about Mesozoic synapsid body mass.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Taylor & Francis

    Large mammal tracks in 1.8-million-year-old volcanic ash (Tuff IF, Bed I) at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania

    Plint TessaMagill Clayton R.
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Large animal tracks, unequivocally attributable to terrestrial mammals, are reported for the first time in sediment from uppermost Bed I (Tuff IF; ～1.803 million years ago) at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. One track in particular (attributed to the ichnogenus Pecoripeda) retains an exceptional level of detail, demonstrating the excellent trackway-preserving potential of the volcanic ash fall (tuff) layers at this important hominin archaeological locality. Olduvai Gorge is renowned for its abundant Plio-Pleistocene (zoo)archaeological discoveries and fossiliferous deposits vis-à-vis studies of human evolution. Fossil trackways, and trace fossils more widely, provide an important additional tool for characterizing ancient ecosystems, which remain underexplored at Olduvai. Considered together with fossil hominin remains, information derived from coeval fossil animal tracks provides additional insight into our ancestors’ behaviour and their interactions with the surrounding palaeoenvironment. A range of large herbivore tracks indicates the availability of nearby resources (i.e., freshwater, vegetation preferred by grazers/browsers). These newly-discovered tracks are of archaeological and palaeontological significance because they highlight the potential for future discovery of animal or hominin tracks and trackways preserved in tuff at Olduvai and in other archaeological localities.
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    • NSTL
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    The earliest-published recognition of a trace fossil and its producer

    Halliday Thomas J. D.
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：The recognition of fossil material as organic represented a sea change in European understanding of geology. Throughout the Renaissance and Early Modern periods, several thinkers approached the same line of reasoning, from Leonardo da Vinci to Nicolas Steno. Among fossil material, trace fossils are furthest removed from the living organism, and the identification of trace fossils as such is extremely rare in the period, even when body fossils were increasingly being seen as organic. Alongside Leonardo da Vinci, whose personal observations in the early 16th century remained unpublished for centuries, and Ulisse Aldrovandi, whose account of trace fossils was published posthumously in 1648, I here show that Bernard Palissy also recognised the biological origins of at least one form of trace fossil. The publication of Palissy’s identification occurred in 1580, 68?years before Aldrovandi’s was published, and 23?years before the manuscript on which that publication was based. Moreover, like Aldrovandi, Palissy’s recognition includes specific identification of the trace as being produced by pholad molluscs. Palissy’s is therefore the oldest example of an ichnological identification to be found in the published literature.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Taylor & Francis

    Biostratinomy of dune tracks in sub-0?°C temperature

    Sadlok Grzegorz
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Trackways left in dune sand spark intrigue with their ephemeral nature. Small animals (arthropods and vertebrates) leave their footprints in eolian sands but such tracks do not last long. Wind and avalanching may re-mobilize sand grains and obliterate their footprints, ultimately preventing them from entering fossil record. Some of these fleeting tracks are lucky enough to survive at the parting surfaces between sedimentary layers. This paper highlights the possible role that sub-0?°C temperatures play in the biostratinomy of eolian tracks. Water combined with sub-0?°C temperatures may create short-lasting ice cementation within the very top of an active sand layer—mm-scale crust. The temporal cement stabilizes the surface, inhibits the re-mobilization of sand particles and hinders the obliteration of footprints. Such crust may provide a brief time window of enhanced preservation potential, protecting tracks until incoming sand buries them. On the contrary, if the ice-cement crust forms before the passage of a small and light trackmaker, no tracks are formed at all. This is because the crust is impenetrable to the tiny feet of light animals. Therefore, sub-0?°C temperatures apparently may play both, positive and negative roles in the biostratinomy of eolian tracks.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Taylor & Francis

    Trace fossils, depositional context, and paleogeography of the upper Tal Group (upper lower Cambrian), Lesser Himalaya, India: a Gondwanan succession with no affinities to the Avalonia microcontinent – discussion of paper by Singh et?al. (2019)

    Landing EdGeyer Gerd
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Terminal Ediacaran–late early Cambrian deposition, faunas and passive margin evolution of the north Indian margin are recorded in the Nigali Dhar syncline succession. Restudy of the upper Tal Group (upper lower Cambrian Koti Dhaman Formation, KDF) ichnofauna from the Khud-Drabil section reduces it to 18 confidently named forms. The lower KDF (Lower Quartzite Member) Cruziana-Rusophycus assemblage is in subtidal (not intertidal) sandsheet facies. The overlying black Shale Member (SM) records trans-East Gondwanan deepening, not intertidal facies, in the Palaeolenus Zone. The SM, with low diversity Planolites-Palaeophycus assemblage, is overlain by subtidal (not intertidal) sandsheet facies of the middle KDF (Arkosic Sandstone Member, ASM) with shallow burrowers and furrowers (Gordia marina assemblage, new; Cruziana ichnofacies). KDF faunas with Cruziana and Rusophycus are similar to coeval, shallow marine associations elsewhere in Gondwana and NW Laurentia. Interpretation of a second KDF section 20?km from Khud-Drabil has confused an understanding of Lesser Himalaya geologic evolution as it claims Ordovician Cruziana species in the ASM and an angular SM–ASM unconformity caused by the Cambrian–Ordovician boundary Kurgiakh orogeny. However, upper lower Cambrian microfaunas occur in and above the ASM, while the angular SM–ASM unconformity is consistent with submarine sliding. KDF-type ichnofaunas do not show a tropical location of Avalonia, which has the distinctive lithofacies and biotas of a high-latitude continent unrelated to Gondwana.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Taylor & Francis

    Reply to discussion on trace fossils, depositional context and paleogeography of the Upper Tal Group (upper lower Cambrian) (Lesser Himalaya) by Ed Landing and Gerd Geyer

    Singh Birendra P.Bhargava O. N.Morrison ScottMikulá? Radek...
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：This paper is a response to the publication by Ed Landing and Gerd Geyer (2020) which questioned several recent papers on trace fossils, depositional environments and paleogeography of the Cambro-Ordovician Upper Tal Group (Lesser Himalayan) by B.P. Singh and co-authors. However, the elaboration of Landing and Geyer contains misinformation and misquoting. Each point raised by these authors is rebutted, clarified and further elaborated.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Taylor & Francis