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Journal of Geochemical Exploration
Elsevier
Journal of Geochemical Exploration

Elsevier

0375-6742

Journal of Geochemical Exploration/Journal Journal of Geochemical ExplorationSCIISTPEIAHCI
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    Interpopulation variation in nickel hyperaccumulation and potential for phytomining by Odontarrhena penjwinensis from Western Iran

    Ghafoori, MohammadShariati, Mansourvan der Ent, AntonyBaker, Alan J. M....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Ni hyperaccumulator Odontarrhena penjwinensis (Brassicaceae) is a species endemic to the ultramafic soils of Western Iran. Seven ultramafic outcrops and the populations of O. penjwinensis they support were investigated for Ni and other elemental concentrations to assess their potential for future Ni agromining operations. Nickel hyperaccumulation was confirmed in at least one individual plant sampled from all seven populations. The highest and lowest concentrations of Ni in leaves were recorded for two sites (3270 and 660 mg kg(-1), respectively). The highest concentrations of Mn, Cr, and Co were 3110, 79, and 193 mg kg(-1), respectively. A positive relationship was found between the concentrations of Ni and Fe, and Mg and Ca in roots and shoots. Correlation analysis of edaphic factors also revealed positive correlations between Ni concentration in the shoots, water-holding capacity, and soil pH, whereas it was negatively correlated for soil organic matter. The highest Ni yield (c. 0.4 g per plant), biomass (115 g per plant) and maximum plant height (43 cm) were recorded for one population where the total soil Ni concentration was 2550 mg kg(-1). This O. penjwinensis population is likely to be a promising candidate for the development of Ni agromining in the region.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Water/rock interactions, chemical weathering and erosion, and supergene enrichment in the Tapira and Catala & SIM;o I alkaline-carbonatite complexes, Brazil

    Conceicao, Fabiano T. daVasconcelos, Paulo M.Godoy, Leticia H.Navarro, Guillermo R. B....
    17页
    查看更多>>摘要：Alkaline-carbonatite complexes from the Alto Parnaiba Igneous Province (APIP) host important supergene concentrations of Nb, REE, P, and Ti. To quantify water/rock interaction and the interplay of chemical weathering and erosion that results in supergene enrichment, the chemistry of solutions draining the Tapira and Catalao I complexes were studied and the transfer of elements within and out of the weathering profiles quantified. Ca2+ and HCO3- are the main ions in surface water samples draining both watersheds, with an average annual flux of 49 t/km(2)/a of dissolved load. Total dissolved loads are highest during the summer (wet) months. The annual fluxes of Cl-, PO(4)(3-& nbsp;)and NO3- yield negative values, suggesting significant input of these species from rainwater. The fluvial transport of dissolved elements due to silicate weathering, carbonate dissolution and rainfall input is ~& nbsp;26, 3 and 19 t/km(2)/a at Tapira and 29, 3 and 18 t/km(2)/a at Catalao I. Chemical weathering rates of alkaline rocks are ~& nbsp;4 m/Ma at Tapira and-5 m/Ma at Catalao I. Constitutive mass balance suggests an eroded rock column of 84 m at Tapira and 39 m at Catalao I, with long-term erosion rates of 1.3 and 0.9 m/Ma, respectively. In contrast, long-term weathering rates were 3.0 m/Ma at Tapira and 2.4 m/Ma at Catalao I. Internal collapse of saprolites due to mass loss creates internal basins with an overburden of soils, locally transported material and lake sediments. Carbonate congruent dissolution, silicate incongruent dissolution and hydrolysis, and phosphate and oxide (pyrochlore) dissolution-reprecipitation are the main water/rock interactions in the Tapira and Catala & SIM;o I alkaline-carbonatite complexes that promote the enrichment of primary and secondary minerals and produce supergene P, Ti, Nb and REE deposits in the isalteritic saprolites; Ti is residually enriched in the alloteritic saprolite at Tapira.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Geochemical characterization of the Central Mineral Belt U +/- Cu +/- Mo +/- V mineralization, Labrador, Canada: Application of unsupervised machine-learning for evaluation of IOCG and affiliated mineral potential

    Acosta-Gongora, P.Potter, E. G.Lawley, C. J. M.Corriveau, L....
    21页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Central Mineral Belt (CMB) in Labrador, Canada, hosts multiple U (+/- base +/- precious metal) showings, prospects and deposits in metamorphosed and variably hydrothermally altered Neoarchean to Mesoproterozoic, igneous and sedimentary rocks. Previous work has recognized U mineralization locally associated with Fe-Ca and alkali metasomatism typical of metasomatic iron oxide and alkali-calcic alteration systems (IOAA) that host iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) and affiliated critical metal deposits. However, the type, extent and temporal or genetic relationships between the diverse Fe, Ca and alkali metasomatism and the regionally distributed U mineralization remains poorly understood. Combined unsupervised machine-learning and classification of alteration from a large geochemical dataset distinguish the main alteration phases in the CMB, identify compositional changes related to U mineralization, and infer lithological/mineralogical information from samples with censored (i.e., missing), limited and/or inaccurate metadata. Weak to intense Na and Na + Ca-Fe (Mg) metasomatism in the southwest (Two-Time and Moran Lake areas) and eastern (Michelin area) portions of the CMB pre-dates U mineralization and Fe-oxide breccia development, similar to albitite-hosted U and IOCG deposits globally. Rare earth elements and spider diagrams highlight both preservation and disruption of normally immobile elements. Principal component and cluster analysis indicate significant variations in Fe-Mg +/- Na contents in the rocks from combinations of Na, Ca, Fe, and Mg-rich alteration, while protolith REE signatures can be locally preserved even after pervasive albitization-hematization. Cluster analysis identifies mineralized felsic and mafic rocks in the Michelin deposit and Moran Lake area, facilitating inference of relevant lithological/mineralogical information from samples lacking or with limited meta-data. The methods outlined provide rapid and relatively inexpensive means to optimize identification of mineral systems within large geochemical datasets, verify drill core or field observations, highlight potentially overlooked alteration, and refine economic mineral potential assessments. Based on our results and previous work, we suggest the mineral potential of the southwestern and eastern CMB needs to be re-assessed with modern exploration models for IOAA ore systems and their iron oxide-poor variants.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Cobalt-bearing copper slags from Luanshya (Zambian Copperbelt): Mineralogy, geochemistry, and potential recovery of critical metals

    Ettler, VojtechMihaljevic, MartinDrahota, PetrKribek, Bohdan...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Waste materials such as metallurgical slags can be considered as potential resources of valuable elements, including technologically critical metals. Copper slags from Luanshya, the oldest mining and smelting site in the Zambian Copperbelt, produced by smelting local Cu ores in reverberatory furnaces between 1932 and 1999, were deposited on two large dumps in the vicinity of the former ore processing area. The slags exhibit high concentrations of Co (247-5990 ppm, median: 2370 ppm) and Cu (1320-95,300 ppm, median: 8550 ppm). This multi method mineralogical investigation indicates that the slags are predominantly composed of olivine, clinopyroxene, silicate glass, and spinel-family oxides. Copper-(Fe) sulfides, cobaltpentlandite [(Co,Fe)(9)S-8], Fe sulfides, and metallic Cu prills embedded in the silicate matrix are the major hosts of Cu and Co. The EU regulatory leaching test (EN 12457-2) indicated that the release of contaminants is relatively low and only Cu slightly exceeded the EU limit values for landfilling of inert waste. The secondary phases (Cu hydroxosulfates, Fe (oxyhydr)oxides) observed on the slag surfaces confirm that the slags undergo a weathering process on the dumps. Kinetic abiotic extraction tests were carried out in 0.5 mol/l sulfuric acid at 25 degrees C and with a pulp density of 1% to determine the release of metals from the milled Luanshya slags under conditions simulating hydro metallurgical recovery via agitation leaching. The Cu and Co extractability correlated with the bulk concentration of these elements, and the highest extraction yields after 24 h of leaching corresponded to 46% of the total Cu and 67% of the total Co. Despite the dramatic increase in Co prices on the global market, the Co recovery from the Luanshya slags appears to be non-economical due to the high costs of the necessary mechanical and chemical processing of the slag materials and the obtained extracts.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Age and genesis of the Lamahanshan Ag-Pb-Zn deposit, southern Great Xing'an Range, northeastern China: Constraints from sphalerite Rb-Sr dating, fluid inclusions and H-O-S-Pb isotopes

    Sun, Qing-feiWang, Ke-yongLiu, Wen-chaoLai, Chun-kit...
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Lamahanshan deposit in the eastern Central Asian & nbsp;Orogenic Belt & nbsp;(CAOB) is a newly-discovered Ag-Pb-Zn vein deposit in the southern Great Xing'an Range (GXR). Vein-type Ag-Pb-Zn orebodies are mainly hosted in the & nbsp;fracture zones & nbsp;of gneissic & nbsp;plagiogranite,& nbsp;granite & nbsp;porphyry, and quartz porphyry.& nbsp;Mineralization & nbsp;comprises four stages: (I) quartz-magnetite, (II) quartz-pyrite-chalcopyrite, (III) quartz-polymetallic & nbsp;sulfides, and (IV) quartz +/-& nbsp;sphalerite. Sphalerite Rb-Sr dating yielded an isochron age of 137.7 & nbsp;+/-& nbsp;6.1 & nbsp;Ma, coeval with the regional Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Pb-Zn polymetallic mineralization. Three types of & nbsp;fluid inclusions & nbsp;(FIs), namely vapor-rich two-phase (LV-type), liquid-rich two-phase (VL-type), and daughter mineral-bearing three-phase (SL-type), are distinguished at Lamahanshan. Stage I and II contain all FI types with homogenization temperatures (T-h) of 383-418 & nbsp;degrees C and 350-392 & nbsp;degrees C and & nbsp;salinities & nbsp;of 0.9-38.1 & nbsp;wt% and 0.7-35.0 & nbsp;wt%, respectively, whereas stage III contain VL- and LV-type FIs with T-h & nbsp;=& nbsp;318-349 & nbsp;degrees C and salinity & nbsp;=& nbsp;0.7-10.5 & nbsp;wt%. Only VL-type FIs occur in stage IV, with T-h & nbsp;of 271-320 & nbsp;degrees C and salinities of 4.3-7.8 & nbsp;wt%. The microthermometric and H-O isotope data (delta O-18(H2O)& nbsp;=& nbsp;-9.4 to 0.9 parts per thousand and delta D & nbsp;=& nbsp;-137.0 to -124.7 parts per thousand) indicate that the ore-forming fluids were initially magmatic with later & nbsp;meteoric water & nbsp;incursion. Fluid boiling, cooling, fluid-rock reactions, and meteoric water mixing were the major ore precipitation mechanisms at Lamahanshan. The sulfide S (delta S-34 & nbsp;=& nbsp;4.0-6.7 parts per thousand), Sr ((Sr-87/Sr-86)(i)& nbsp;=& nbsp;0.698957-0.700069), and Pb (Pb-206/Pb-204 & nbsp;=& nbsp;17.230-18.193,& nbsp;Pb-207/Pb-204 & nbsp;=& nbsp;15.440-15.627, and & nbsp;Pb-208/Pb-204 & nbsp;=& nbsp;37.664-38.407) isotopes also support that the metals were magmatic-derived. Integrating the available geological, mineralization, fluid inclusion, and H-O-S-Sr-Pb isotope evidence, we propose that the Lamahanshan deposit shares many similar features with distal magmatic-hydrothermal vein-type ores, and was formed in an extensional setting related to the & nbsp;Early Cretaceous & nbsp;Paleo-Pacific & nbsp;subduction & nbsp;rollback.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Petrogenesis and metallogenic implications of the Miocene granite porphyry in the Jiama Cu-polymetallic deposit, Gangdese belt, South Tibet

    Deng, JianghongSui, QinglinWang, JinrongWang, Kun...
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：Geochronology, geochemical and isotopic studies were carried out on granite porphyry from the Jiama Cupolymetallic deposit, Gangdese porphyry copper deposit belt, to constrain the genesis and metallogenic potential. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating indicates that the granite porphyry was emplaced at 14.9 +/- 0.3 Ma to 16.0 +/- 0.3 Ma, which is consistent with other felsic porphyries in the deposit. The granite porphyry shows high-K calcalkaline and peraluminous signatures. In addition, the granite porphyry shows enrichment in large ion lithophile elements and depletion in high field strength elements. However, it has low Sr (76.13-401.90 ppm) contents, which is different from other felsic porphyries with high Sr contents in the deposit. The initial 87Sr/86Sr (0.7055 to 0.7070) and epsilon Nd(t) (-0.53 to -2.37) values of the granite porphyry are close to those of other felsic porphyries in this deposit. The granite porphyry and diorite porphyry have almost identical zircon delta 18O (5.71-5.82 parts per thousand) and epsilon Hf(t) (4.1-3.97) values. These results suggest that all the felsic porphyries in the Jiama deposit were derived from the same source. Geochemical characteristics show that the magma of the granite porphyry experienced fractional crystallization of hornblende and plagioclase, whereas other felsic porphyries experienced hornblendedominated fractional crystallization. Zircon Ce4+/Ce3+ values indicate the high oxygen fugacity of granite porphyries, which is key for Cu-Mo mineralization.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The occurrence and distribution of rare earth elements in mineral and thermal waters in the Polish Lowlands

    Kaczor-Kurzawa, DorotaWysocka, IrenaPorowski, AdamDrzewicz, Przemyslaw...
    24页
    查看更多>>摘要：The occurrence and distribution of rare earth elements (REEs) in mineral and thermal waters encountered in Quaternary, Mesozoic and Permian aquifers of the Polish Lowlands are described, with REE concentrations analyzed in 35 groundwater samples and 25 aquifer host rock samples. The waters analyzed are characterized by high variability of total dissolved solids (TDS: 0.44 to 340 g/L) and of outflow temperatures (9 to 89 degrees C). Values of ultralow concentrations (pg/L-mu g/L) of REEs in groundwaters of variable salinity were obtained using a novel method combining a seaFAST-pico preconcentration system with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Very low concentrations of dissolved (< 0.45 mu m) REEs and Y are present in these waters, ranging from 0.6 ng/L to 19.1 mu g/L and from 1.7 to 54.5 ng/L, respectively. The REE-patterns, normalized to European Shale (EUS), were used to assess the range of REE fractionation between water and host rocks and to show differences in REE distribution in various hydrogeological systems. Three groups of REE-patterns were distinguished: (i) upwards-sloping with HREE-enrichment (74% of all samples), (ii) convex with MREE-enrichment (20%), and (iii) near-flat with very slight depletion in HREE (6%). REE fractionation in shallow waters was attributed to the adsorption of LREE on Fe/Mn oxide/oxyhydroxide particles and the simultaneous complexation of REEs with carbonate and bicarbonate ions. In waters occurring below the zone of active water exchange, in reducing conditions, HREE-enriched patterns developed, mainly as a result of reductive dissolution of previously adsorbed and/or precipitated REEs. The convex, MREE-enriched patterns resulted from a combination of several geochemical processes controlling REE fractionation: (i) high temperature (T > 60 degrees C) favouring a release of the more easily soluble MREEs from rocks into the water, (ii) the presence of organic material showing a strong ability to form complexes with REEs, (iii) reductive release (dissolution) of previously adsorbed REEs on mineral particles, and (iv) dissolution of rocks by acidic waters. Our findings confirmed that REEs can be a useful markers for identifying basic hydrogeochemical processes shaping the chemistry of waters.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Challenges in predicting the reactivity of mine waste rocks based on kinetic testing: Humidity cell tests and reactive transport modeling

    Pieretti, MarcoKarlsson, TeemuArvilommi, SusannaMuniruzzaman, Muhammad...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Humidity cell test represents one of the most popular geochemical characterization methods for predicting the reactivity and for estimating the leachate quality of mining waste materials. Yet, the interpretation of such laboratory test results can vary widely, and its validity and applicability can be impaired by poor characterization of the experimental details, sample representation, and the inability to correctly identify the key contributions of the relevant processes. In this study, we investigate the leaching behavior of mine waste rocks, collected from the Sa & BULL;rkiniemi mine site in Finland, by means of humidity cell tests. The experiments were performed according to the ASTM standard D5744-18 and by utilizing two distinct experimental cells, packed with the same waste rock, with considerably different dimensions and shapes. The results show considerably higher chemical weathering rates of the waste rocks and mass loadings of different elements (approximately by two-to threefold) in the long/narrow shaped humidity cell setup compared to the short/broad cell. The observed leachate concentrations also suggest the possibility for potential influences from microscale chemical heterogeneity, despite the attempts to homogenize the waste rock samples by crushing and mixing prior to packing. The humidity cell test results were quantitatively interpreted with process-based multiphase and multicomponent reactive transport modeling, which allowed detailed examination of the complex interplay between chemical reactions and physical processes, helped distinguishing the dominant mechanisms, and facilitated the identification of the controlling factors leading to fundamental challenges associated with the analysis of such results. While the experimental results could be reproduced by fitting different conceptual models or by adjusting model parameters, the model suggests that such simulation outcomes cannot be fundamentally treated as predictive without the proper knowledge of the dynamics of water flow and solute/gaseous transport during these tests.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    A compositional approach to in-situ evaluation of polymetallic deposits. A case study at Sungun Cu-Mo deposit, NW Iran

    Torab, Farhad MohammadPawlowsky-Glahn, VeraEgozcue, Juan JoseHossein-Morshedy, Amin...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Mineral reserve evaluation is based on compositional data, reporting in units such as percentages, mg/kg or ppm. The nature of such data implies that the values cannot vary independently and geostatistical modeling of their raw form could be misleading. In this study we propose a compositional approach -based on orthonormal isometric logratio (olr) coordinates- to simulate the in-situ value (in US Dollars) at Sungun Cu -Mo deposit in NW Iran. A dataset of 1422 surface samples, analyzed for Ag, As, Au, Cu, Mo, Sb, Pb and Zn is used. This surface covers the current mine pit and is sampled prior to extraction, as a detailed exploration phase. We assumed the sampling surface as an extraction mine bench and separated 34% of the original samples for validation. Comparing with a noncompositional approach, it is prominent that in all extraction categories and for all Cu and Mo cut-off grades, the compositional values are closer to the real ones. Comparison of in-situ value maps revealed that the compositional approach is better able to delineate intense local variability; especially in high grade parts of the deposit. This superiority is also evident in Euclidean and Aitchison distance-distance diagrams of the real and simulated values. It is concluded that, in contrast with known geostatistical methods, the proposed olr-based method delivers more accurate models and, consequently, an improved and more realistic vision of the deposit value is achieved.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Innovative methods applied to processing and interpreting geochemical data

    Parsa, MohammadSadeghi, MartiyaGrunsky, Eric
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Editorial of this special issue focuses on Innovative methods applied to processing and interpreting geochemical data, summarizing the papers published therein, reviewing the advances made in analyzing and interpreting geochemical datasets, and highlighting some challenges facing present-day geochemical data analysis. Decades of research on mineral exploration and environmental pollution have led to three significant breakthroughs in analyzing geochemical datasets, namely the compositional nature of geochemical data, fractal/multifractal-based decomposition of anomalous patterns, and artificial intelligence (AI)-based geochemical pattern recognition. Some challenges still face the use of AI-based methods for the recognition of geochemical anomalies linked to ore-forming processes. The papers published in this issue employ state-of-the-art techniques to fully exploit the potential of geochemical datasets for exploration and environmental geochemistry. A total of 25 papers were submitted to this special issue of which 15 papers were published. The published papers can be categorized in three broad groups, namely (i) delineation of anomalous geochemical patterns, (ii) integrating geochemical datasets to other geospatial tools for mineral exploration, and (iii) geochemistry for hydrocarbon exploration.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier