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Indian Journal of Soil Conservation
The Indian Association of Soil and Water Conservationists
Indian Journal of Soil Conservation

The Indian Association of Soil and Water Conservationists

0970-3349

Indian Journal of Soil Conservation/Journal Indian Journal of Soil Conservation
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    Role of hydrology in natural resources conservation and management

    Vijay P. SinghQiong Su
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：The main mission of natural resources conservation and management (NRCM) is to restore and protect the productivity of land through technical conservation practices, education, and outreach activities. Pursuit of this mission improves soil health, water quality, air quality, wildlife, wetlands, and local economy; and should promote partnership among farming community, and provincial and central government agencies. In other words, NRCM helps keep the entire ecosystem healthy by keeping farms, ranches, forest lands, rivers, lakes, wetlands, wildlife habitats, and the environment healthy. This is accomplished through planning and execution at the watershed scale or watershed management. Fundamental to watershed management is hydrology and hydrologic modeling. This paper attempts to sketch the role of hydrology in NRCM through watershed management.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Effect of irrigation levels and nitrogen management on water, nitrogen and radiation use efficiency of wheat in a semi-arid tropical environment

    K.K. BandyopadhyaySanatan PradhanDebashis Chakraborty
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：A field experiment was carried out in a sandy loam soil at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi for four years to study the effect of irrigation schedule and nitrogen source on water, nitrogen and radiation use efficiency (RUE) of wheat.Wheat (cv. PBW 502) was grown in a split plot design with four irrigation levels as main plot factor and three nitrogen management strategies as subplot factor. It was observed that grain yield of wheat with irrigation at 0.8 IW/CPE irrigation level wasstatistically similar with that at 1.0 IW/CPE irrigation level and there was no significant difference in the grain yield of wheat due to sole urea @ 120 kg Nha and integrated use of urea @ 60 kg Nha and FYM @ 60 kg NhaIrrigation at 0.8 IW/CPE also registered equivalent water use efficiency (WUE) and partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFPN) as that of irrigation at 1.0 IW/CPE level. The WUE, RUE and partial factor productivity of wheat due to sole urea was statistically similar to integrated use of urea and FYM. Therefore, wheat may be grown with integrated use of urea and FYM with an irrigation level of 0.8 IW/CPE to save irrigation water compared to 1.0 IW/CPE and 50% urea compared to 100% sole urea treatment, respectively.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Spatiotemporal soil erosion assessment using RUSLE model on geospatial platform for Maharashtra state

    Vikash SinghAnupam Kumar NemaArpit Chouksey
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Soil erosion is one of the most serious problems arising from agricultural intensification, desertification, deforestation, landform degradation and other anthropogenic activities. The soil erosion assessment is essential in planning conservation activities. The erosion modeling can provide a quantitative approach to estimate soil erosion. The present study was focused to estimate the vulnerability of soil loss by using revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) for the state of Maharashtra, India.The parameters of RUSLE model were estimated using geospatial technology. For the years 2000 and 2011, the estimated R factor were found to be varying from 220.21 to 1496.84 (MJ-mm ha~(-1)hr~(-1)yr~(-1)) and 301.51 to 1509.6 (MJ-mm ha~(-1)hr~(-1)yr~(-1)), while the average K factor was observed to be 0.007 and 0.107, respectively. The slope-length factor was varying from 0.029 to 45344.024. The results of the study showed that 80% area of Maharashtra were having the soil erosion rate in the range of 0-10 (t ha~(-1)yr~(-1)) but the corresponding area had been declined by about 3.23% in the period of 2000 to 2011. The area having soil erosion vulnerability greater than 40.0 (t ha 'yr1) had increased by about 32% in period of 11 years, which lies in thewestern coastal part and to some extent in the Northern coastal part of Maharashtra. The average soil erosion rate had increased by about 9% in the eleven years period, which needs very careful attention for appropriate soil and water conservation measures. The results of this study can certainly aid in implementation of soil management and conservation practices to reduce the soil erosion in the study region.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Soil mapping and land evaluation of Khandala village in Nagpur district using high-resolution satellite data and GIS

    Sawan G. RathiM.S.S. NagarajuRajeev Srivastava
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：The present investigation was carried out to characterize and evaluate the land resources using Cartosat-l-sharpened-LISS-IV satellite data (2.5 m spatial resolution) in Khandala village of Nagpur district, Maharashtra. Five major landforms viz., plateau, escarpment, pediment, alluvial plain and valley were identified and delineated. Based on image characteristics, seven land use / land cover (LU/LC) classes, namely, single crop, double crop, degraded forest, wasteland, river, water body and habitation were identified. Five classes of slopes viz.. nearly level to level (0-1%), very gently sloping (1-3%), gently sloping (3-8%), moderately sloping (8-15%) and moderately steeply sloping (15-30%) lands were identified. Five soil series (Khandala-1, Khandala-2, Khandala-3, Khandala-4, and Khandala-5) were identified and mapped on 1:5000 scale. Very shallow soils (Lithic Ustorthents / Typic Ustorthents) were associated with plateau, escarpment and pediments. Alluvial plain has shallow soils (Typic Haplustepts), while, valley portion of village possessed deep Vertisols. The soils were grouped under land capability sub classes of lid, Ills, I Vs, Vis and Vies, and land irrigability sub-classes of 2sd, 2s, 3 and 4s. The productivity of Khandala-1 soil waspoor due to severe limitation of soil moisture and effective depth. The soils of Khandala-2 series were extremely poor in productivity owing to very severe limitation of soil depth, soil moisture and organic matter and soils of Khandala-3 and Khandala-4had average productivity, while, soils of Khandala-5 series were grouped under good productivity. Various land use options and soil and water conservation measures have been suggested in different land units.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Farm women’s participation in watershed programme and their extent of adoption of soil and water conservation technologies in Sithayankottai watershed, Dindigul district of Tamil Nadu

    P. SundarambalBankey Bihari
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：Watershed development is essentially a group and community oriented programme. Rural women actively participate in different activities. To achieve the success of the programme people's participation especially women's participation and adoption of resource conservation technologies are to be ensured. With this background, this study was conducted in Sithayankottai watershed, Dindigul district of Tamil Nadu, to assess the farm women socio economic profile, their attitude, participation in watershed programmes, knowledge level, extent of adoption of soil and water conservation (SWC) technologies and constraints faced by them. The data was collected from fifty farm women who were selected randomly from Sithayankottai watershed and for comparison purpose, 25 farm women were selected from outside the watershed. Results indicate that majority of the farm women in the watershed and outside the watershed were having medium level of socio-economic status, social participation, risk preference and attitudetowards people's participation in SWC programmes. As a whole, knowledge level of the farm women of watershed and outside the watershed was found to be 43.76% and 32.05%, respectively. Overall adoption level of the farm women of watershed and outside thewatershed was 38.64% and 25.64%, respectively with considerable difference between two samples. Farm Women's participation in watershed programme was recorded to be 41.1 %. Farm women's role in adopting SWC technologies was very less and reason could beattributed to the more drudgery in execution of these activities. Major constraints perceived by the farm women in adoption of SWC technologies were lack of fund, non availability of inputs in time, lack of awareness and knowledge about the technologies,small and fragmented holdings, and poor extension service. As the farm women's knowledge on SWC technologies was low, it could be improved through exposure visits, awareness camps, imparting intensive trainings, etc. and accordingly Adoption level couldbe improved.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Effects of long-term (6 years) nutrient management on soil loss and carbon management index principal component analysis approach

    Vijay Singh MeenaBirendra Nath GhoshRaman Jeet Singh
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：A long-term (6 years) field experiment was carried out for testing different nutrient management combination in a maize-wheat cropping system to compare the longterm effects on soil loss, crop yield, and system productivity through principal componentanalysis (PCA) approach. Six treatments {nutrient management practices: T_1 - control; T_2- recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF - nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium); T, - farmyard manure (FYM); T_4 - 50% NPK + 50% FYM; T_5 - 50% NPK + 50% vermicompost (VC); T_6 - 50% NPK + 50% poultry manure (PM), T_7 -50% NPK + 50% green manure (GM) were tested. Results revealed that the soil loss varies from 9.54 to 19.62 t ha~(-1) with different nutrient management plots. Overall, cluster 1- possessed nutrient management practice of 50% NPK + 50% PM and 50% NPK + 50% GM, which are best discernible by their highest mean values of positive influence on soil and CMI parameters, and lowest mean values for negative influencing soil and CMI parameters. Relationships revealed that the single value CMI can be used for the assessment of soil degradation in the sloppy crop lands of Himalaya.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Performance evaluation of AquaCrop model for Okra crop under Tarai condition of Indo-Gangetic Plain

    Ravish ChandraP.K. SinghAmbrish Kumar
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Crop growth simulation models are used for predicting the effects of soil, water and nutrients on grain yield and biomass. The impact of deficit irrigation on crop growth and yield was simulated using AquaCrop model with a view to conserve irrigationwater and energy. These models are tested for a given region using the data generated from field experiments. In this study a water driven crop growth model was tested for Okra crop under varying irrigation regimes. The study area comes under climatic zone of western Himalayan region and is located in the Shivalik foothills of the Himalayas and represents the Tarai region of Uttarakhand state. The field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of College of Technology, GBPUA&T Pantnagar, Uttarakhand during 2014. The irrigation treatments comprised of all possible combinations of full irrigation or limited irrigation is such that T, (full Irrigation i. e. 100% level of estimated crop water requirement through drip), T_2 (80% of level of estimated crop water requirement through drip), T, (60% of level of estimated crop water requirement through drip) and T_4 (Furrow Irrigation). The performance of the model was tested using statistical parameters like model efficiency (E), coefficient of determination (R~2), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). It was observed that the model was calibrated for yield and biomass with the prediction statistics 0.96 < E < 0.97,0.34 < RMSE < 0.50 and 0.19 < MAE < 0.301 ha~(-1) for differentirrigation levels. The model was validated for fruit yield and biomass with all treatment combinations with prediction error statistics values 0.90 < E < 0.91,0.30 < RMSE < 0.42,0.89 < R~2< 0.91 and 0.11 < MAE < 0.25 t ha~(-1). It was observed that theAquaCrop model was more accurate in predicting the Okra yield under full and 80% of FI through drip irrigation as compared to flood irrigation methods. The AquaCrop model predicted yield and biomass of Okra with good accuracy under different irrigation regimes. The tested results of this study on AquaCrop can be used as a planning tool to assist management decisions under changing climatic situations.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Nitrogen distribution in soil under urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) and urea application in drip fertigated cabbage (Brassica oleraceae var. capitata)

    Madhavananda GundappagolManoj KhannaMan Singh
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Nitrogen (N) is essential for plants. It involves in a number of important functions, including growth, leaf area development, and crop production. Optimum availability of nitrogen to the plants is vital to achieve higher production. Liquid fertilizerurea ammonium nitrate (UAN) is advantageous to Urea because it contains all three N forms viz., NO: (nitrate), NH, (ammonium), and Urea (amide). In this context, present study was taken to understand nitrogen (N) distribution in the soil under varying levels of UAN and Urea fertilizers in drip fertigated cabbage crop. Treatments included four different doses (0 kg N ha~(-1), 40 kg N ha~(-1), 80 kg N ha and 120 kg N ha~(-1)) with three split applications at 15 days intervals after transplanting under three replications. Results revealed that mineral N content decreased with increase in depth at emitter and 22.5 cm away from the emitter. The horizontal distribution also decreased with increase in distance from the emitter but vertical distribution at 45cm from the emitter, the N concentration increases with increase in depth. The availability of the mineral nitrogen in UAN applied plots found to be significantly higher than the urea applied plots that resulted in higher uptake and higher yield under UAN applied plots. Results also showed that the nitrogen fertilizer can be saved up to 30-35% using UAN over urea as nitrogen fertilizer source. The findings of present investigation would be helpful in applying optimum nitrogen fertilizer dosage at the right place to achieve higher nitrogen efficiency in cabbage crop.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Soil quality evaluation tor management of soil resources using geospatial technique of Shegaon watershed, Chandrapur district, Maharashtra

    S.S. PotdarV.V. GabhaneM.S.S. Nagaraju
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：The assessment and mapping soil quality for management of resources of Shegaon watershed, Chandrapur district of Maharashtra were carried out. IRS-LISS-IV and LISS-III data and GIS coupled with ground truth verification were used to delineate presentland use/land cover (LU/LC), slope and the watershed's physiography. The characterization and classification of soils through profile study, identified and mapped seven different soil series and complex with phases on 1:12500 scale based on physiography-soil relationship. Soils occurring on moderately sloping (8-15%) isolated mound are shallow, well drained, and non-calcareous (Typic Ustorthents) whereas soils on subdued plateau are shallow Lithic to Typic Haplustepts in complexes. Typic and Vertic Haplusterts in complex are identified on gently sloping (1 -3%) upper pediment. Soils of lower pediments are shrink-swell Typic Haplusterts. Upper plain lands of the watershed show very deep, calcareous; shrink-swell soils (Typic Haplusterts) whereas soils of lower plains are Sodic Haplusterts. Soil quality assessed by measuring soil attributes or properties that serve as soil quality indicators. The used dataset was the weighted mean of different variables from the pedons representing a particular soil series of the watershed for evaluating the soil quality index (SQI). The SQI has been calculated by goal finalization, found the minimum data set (MDS) through PCA or expert opinion, assign the score to MDS by an appropriate method. The soils under different soil series compared considering SQI by taking in to account hydraulic conductivity, exchangeable sodium percentage, soil respiration (CO,), clay, organic carbon and DTPA extractable Fe as parameters for the MDS, and the SQI varied from 0.50 to 0.81. The Pohe-3 soils (Typic Haplustepts) showed highest SQI (0.81) whereas the Shegaon-3 soils (Sodic Haplusterts) showed the least SQI (0.50). The soil quality of the Shegaon watershed was mainly governed by hydraulic conductivity, soil pH, ESP and organic carbon, which were identified as soil quality indicators. Suitable conservation measures and interventions have been suggested to improve the productivity of these soils.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Performance of poplar (Populus deltoides Bartr.) clones after eleven years of plantation in calcareous alluvial soil of Bihar

    Atul KumarD.K. DasSantosh KumarSingh
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：Poplar (Populus deltoides Bartr.) has recently emerged as a popular short-rotation tree for agroforestry in the northern and eastern India. The growth of poplar depends upon various factors such as clone, quality of planting stock, spacing of trees, site quality, climate and management practices. A study was conducted under 11 years old poplar plantation at Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), Bihar, to assess the performance of different poplar clones (PP - 5, Uday, L - 52, L - 49, G- 48 and L -188) based on their timber volume, biomass yield and soil properties. The study revealed that among different poplar clones, L - 52 showed significantly higher plant height (15.2 nr), diameter at breast height (23.98 cm), timber volume (187.0 m3 ha~(-1)) and timber biomass (87.9 Mg ha '). A considerable build-up of macronutrients (N, P_2O_5, KO and S) and micro-nutrients (Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn and B) was also observed in surface soils under L - 52 plantation. Hence, L - 52 emerged as the best among the tested clones for growing and promotion under calciorthent soils of Bihar.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL