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Optik
Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft
Optik

Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft

0030-4026

Optik/Journal OptikSCIISTPEIAHCI
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    Comparative elemental analysis of soil of wheat, corn, rice, and okra cropped field using CF-LIBS

    Khoso, Muhammad AslamShaikh, Nek MuhammadKalhoro, Muhammad SiddiqueJamali, Saifullah...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：The food chain is responsible for harmful chemical poisoning due to land pollution. Heavy metal contamination of the food chain is regarded as one of the key environmental channels of human exposure leading to possible health risks. The purpose of this study was to investigate the toxic elements of soil samples of different cropped fields of the specific parts on the lower course of the river Indus in district Jamshoro, the southern Sindh province of Pakistan. We report the comparative elemental composition of the Soil at 3 and 6 in. depth of the wheat, rice, corn, and okra cropped field using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). Soil plasma is generated using Q-Switched Nd: YAG laser (1064 nm), 5 ns pulse duration, and 10 Hz repetition rate. At laser energy of 25 mJ the estimated irradiance is 7.15 x 10(10 )W/cm(2). In this experimentation we have detected the Fe, Si, Mg, Ca, Al, Ba, Hg, Cr, Ni, Mn, H, Cu, Li, Sr, K, Ti, Na, Pb, V, and C in soil plasma spectra at the depth of 3 in. and 6 in. of wheat, rice, corn, and okra cropped field. We have estimated the electron temperature and electron number density under the assumption of the local thermodynamic equilibrium. We have found electron temperature (T-e) corn plasma (3 in. depth) in the range of (13768-7003) K and electron number density (Ne) in the range of (9.01-5.18) x 10(16 )cm(-3). In addition, we have also estimated the weight percentage of the different soil samples using Calibration Free LIBS (CF-LIBS).
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Optical normal antiferromagnetic electromotive microscale with optimistic density

    Korpinar, ZelihaKorpinar, Talat
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：In this article, we designate optical quasi antiferromagnetic electromotive Phi (t(q)) , Phi (n(q)) , Phi(b(q)) microscale with ionospheric plasma. We establish optical normal electromagnetic quasi antiferromagnetic Phi (t(q)) , Phi (n(q)) , Phi (b(q)) microscale by using magnetic optimistic Phi (t(q)) , Phi (n(q)) , Phi(b(q)) density in ionospheric plasma. Moreover, we get normal electromagnetic antiferromagnetic optimistic density. Finally, we represent electrical electromotive Phi (t(q)) , Phi (n(q)) , Phi (b(q)) microscale by optical electroosmotic field for diverse angular velocities with quasi stator field.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    A self-aligned lithography method based on Fabry-Perot resonator effect

    Song, ZhenZhang, LibinHe, JianfangLiu, Lihong...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Fabry-Perot (F-P) resonator is widely applied in the field of optics such as micro-ring resonator and photonic crystal, but there are not yet relevant reports about optical imaging. We propose a self-aligned lithography method based on F-P resonator effect and realize self-aligned effect successfully by controlling film stack parameters. The self-aligned structure is composed of Ag/ photoresist/Ag film stack and wafer layer which contains SiO2 layer and SiO2/Si gratings. A rapid simulation model based on Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis algorithm is established to optimize the best parameters of the self-aligned structure. Then rigorous Finite Difference Time Domain model and Finite Element Method model are used to verify the self-aligned effect and the results show that such process has extremely large mask critical dimension (CD) and overlay variation. The mask CD could be tuned more than 50% of structure period while the wafer CD maintains in the range less than 10%, and the maximum mask overlay offset could be +/- 25% of half pitch while the wafer pattern center maintains unchanged. All the results show that the proposed method has lots of process robustness and could increase the application area of imaging lithography technology.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Investigation of nonlinear Schrodinger equation for application to astronomical redshift

    Chen, Peter Y. P.
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Cyclic soliton solutions of nonlinear Schro center dot dinger equation could be found numerically. When they propagate through a medium with piecewise constant dispersion coefficient, the pulse width change in each segment is linearly proportional, but at different rate, to distance travelled. The overall pulse width change over a distance between two points is found to be the same as if the average dispersion coefficient is used. Applying these findings to light from cosmic sources, it can be concluded that electromagnetic wave theory based on nonlinear Schro center dot dinger equation is the principal mechanism underlining the linear redshift-distance relation found is astronomy.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Dark, bright and singular optical solutions of the Kaup-Newell model with two analytical integration schemes

    Bayram, MustafaEsen, HandenurSecer, AydinOzisik, Muslum...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：We have searched for optical solutions of Kaup-Newell equation (KNE) used in nonlinear optical and plasma physics, which have a very important role in the class of derivative nonlinear Schrodinger equations (dNLSEs). To obtain exact wave solutions of the proposed model, two analytical techniques, recently presented as new Kudryashov's method and the generalized projective Riccati equations method (GPREM) have been applied for the first time. These two methods are based on traveling wave transformation and homogeneous balance principles . The presented nonlinear partial differential equation (NLPDE) has been converted to ordinary differential equation (ODE) using traveling wave transformation. Thus, new analytical solutions have been obtained by applying the proposed methods. The new solitons and other traveling wave solutions acquired will be a motivation to researchers working in engineering and applied physics. Various constraints have been used to ensure the validity of the obtained solutions and to get the most appropriate solutions. To illustrate the physical phenomena of this model, 2D, 3D and contour plots of some derived solutions have been depicted with explanatory graphics.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Self-powered visible-UV light photodiodes based on ZnO nanorods-silicon heterojunctions with surface modification and structural enhancement

    cicek, OsmanKarasueleymanoglu, MerveKurnaz, SedatOztuerk, Ozguer...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：The letter reports the visible-UV light response of Al/ZnONRs/ZnOseed/p-Si/Al type photodiodes (PDs) with surface modification and structural enhancement. The PDs, which are referred to as PD10-2, PD10-4, PD20-2, PD20-3, and PD20-4 according to molar concentration (mM) and time (hour), were produced for improving the performances. Basic electronic parameters were obtained from the I-V data of Al/ZnONRs/ZnOseed/p-Si/Al type PDs by using thermionic emission (TE) theory, Ohm's law, and Cheung's methods. In accordance with the literature, the results showed that the potential barrier height (CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EFBo) values decreased with the increasing illumination intensity, while the ideality factor (n) values increased. In addition, voltage-dependent series resistance (Rs) values of the PDs under dark and different visible-UV light intensities were calculated by using Ohm's law and Cheung's method. It was observed that the Rs values decreased with increasing light intensities. On the other hand, the photosensitivity characteristics of the PDs at visible-UV light intensities were investigated depending on the applied voltage. While the photosensitivity value of the produced PD10-2 device reached the maximum value of 6.9 x 103 at the short-circuit voltage Vsc= 0 V, the open-circuit voltage Voc showed better photosensitivity with a minimum value of 0.0702 in the self-powered mode. In addition, the responsivity (R) and the detectivity (D*) values of Al/ZnONRs/ZnOseed/p-Si/Al type PDs were calculated. Herein, the R and D* values decreased with increasing power density at zero-bias voltage in accordance with the literature. Also, the R and D* values of the PD10-2 device are higher and lower than other devices, respectively. The linear dynamic range (LDR) value of the PD10-2 device reaches ~78 dB with a maximum value at Vbias= 0 V, while the dark current is 0.21 nA with a minimum value, self-powered mode. It is concluded that the PD10-2 device is suitable for photodiode applications in self-powered mode.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Three anholonomy densities for three formulations with anholonomic coordinates with hybrid frame in R-1(3)

    Gurbuz, Nevin ErtugMyrzakulov, RatbayMyrzakulova, Zhaidary
    17页
    查看更多>>摘要：In this paper, we present three formulations associated with the modified repulsive type nonlinear Schrodinger NLS- equation in the h- lines and b- lines directions with respect to the hybrid frame in Minkowski 3-space R-1(3). Later we obtain three anholonomy densities in h- lines and b- lines directions for hybrid frame in Minkowski 3-space R-1(3).
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    4D imaging of turbulent flames with improved multi-camera calibration method and processing speed

    Song, ErzhuangLei, QingchunChi, YeqingXia, Yibin...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：4D imaging measurements in turbulent flames have been long desired to better understand the complex phenomena involved in the combustion process. Such 4D measurements provide the information of turbulent flames in all three spatial coordinates and time sequences. Tomographic reconstruction has been recently demonstrated as a promising approach for 4D flame diagnostics. However, two critical issues remain in the current 4D tomographic measurements: the accuracy of multi-camera calibration and the processing time of the tomographic program. Therefore, this work aims to address the two issues by developing a new multi-camera calibration method and a parallel tomographic reconstruction program. As shown in this work, the new multi-camera calibration method can significantly improve the angle calibration accuracy; and the parallel program reduces the processing time for 1000 tomographic reconstructions from 10 days to ~12 h. Such enhanced accuracy and processing speed are expected to benefit a range of combustion researches, and a specific example is demonstrated involving 4D imaging of a subsonic diffusion flame.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    New software for comparing the color gamuts generated by printing technologies

    Lopez-Baldomero, Ana BelenRubino, ManuelOrtiz, CarolinaSalas, Carlos...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：In the color industry, it is vital to know the color gamut of a given device. Several tools for visualizing and comparing color gamuts are available but they each have some drawbacks. Therefore, the aim of this work was to develop and validate new software for comparing the color gamuts generated by printing devices; we also developed an automated color measurement system. The software simultaneously represents the gamuts in the 3D CIELAB space. It also calculates the Gamut Comparison Index and the volume using two algorithms (Convex Hull and Alpha Shapes). To evaluate the performance of our software, we first compared the results it obtained for the color gamuts with those from other comparison methods such as representation in the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram or other color spaces. Next, we used Interactive Color Correction in 3 Dimensions (ICC3D) software to compare the gamut representations and volumes. Our software allowed us to identify differences between color gamuts that were not discriminated by other methods. This new software will enable the study and comparison of gamuts generated by different printing technologies and using different printing substrates, International Color Consortium profiles, inks, and light sources, thereby helping to achieve high quality color images.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Mixed halide head perovskites thin films: Stability and growth investigation

    Doumbia, YoussoufBouich, AmalSoro, DonafologoSoucase, Bernabe Mari...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Herein, we investigate the mixed halide perovskite films with the formula MAPbX(3) where (X-3 = Br-3, Cl-3, I-3, Br2Cl, Br2I, and I2Cl) prepared by Spin-Coating in order to study the effects of partial and total substitution of Br. For this purpose, we have carried out a series of characterization techniques, including x-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-visible spectroscopic; we find that all films content with partial Bromide exhibit two peaks located at 2 theta angles of 14,94 and 30,2 matching to crystallographic planes (110) and (220) respectively correspond to perovskite structure, in the case of MAPbCl(3), MAPbI(3) or mixed MAPbI(2)Cl the characteristics peaks (110) and (220) were identified at 2 theta angles of 14,16 degrees and 28,53 degrees respectively. The surface morphology of the different mixed lead halides films was examined by SEM, MAPbBr(2)I has the highest crystallinity and grain size. Furthermore, All the mixed halide films exhibited strong absorbance with bandgap values ranging between 1.5 eV and 2.5 eV. Moreover, we investigated the crystal structure, morphology, and color change of MAPbX(3) after four weeks under dark with 22% humidity; the Bromide-doped samples demonstrate a higher degree of stability based on the study of their degradation mechanisms.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier