查看更多>>摘要：Abstract BACKGROUND Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) is a promising technology for efficiently producing low‐cost hydrogen (H2). Of the two half‐cell reactions in AEMWE, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is kinetically sluggish, requiring an electrocatalyst to promote the reaction. Nickel (Ni) is a promising non‐noble metal catalyst for OER due to its low cost, high stability, and activity in alkaline media. In an AEMWE, Ni particles form a catalytic layer bound together using an anion exchange ionomer (AEI), which also serves to provide hydroxide ion transport throughout the layer. RESULTS In this review, reports of lab synthesized Ni particle‐based anode catalytic layers with AEIs, used specifically in AEMWE devices, are summarized from 2015 onwards to highlight the recent research and development of active Ni‐based AEMWE anodes. The synthesis and electrode fabrication method for the anodes is analyzed to offer a perspective on the feasibility of industrial scale AEMWE. As ionomeric binders are an important component of AEMWE anodes, the ionomer type and loading used with the Ni‐based particles is also summarized with a focus on how those parameters affect catalytic performance. CONCLUSION The literature analysis performed in this work demonstrates the potential of the AEMWE process and provides recommendations for future work on furthering the current understanding of the interactions between the various components of the system. Additionally, it is recommended that future research efforts be focused on further understanding how developed materials perform in a working AEMWE device. ? 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Microfluidic fuel cells (MFFCs) are performing increasingly important roles in production and life, such as electronic products, sensors and real‐time equipment. The microfluidic electrochemical fuel cell (MFEFC) is a significant type of MFFC that has attracted recent global attention. Compared to the other two types, biofuel cells (MFBFCs) and photocatalytic fuel cells (MFPFCs), MFEFCs can be used in a broader range of applications and are less susceptible to external environment. This paper mainly discusses the recent progress of MFEFCs, including catalyst, fuel, electrode, oxidant, design, fabrication, model and performance. The paper summarized the latest research results and practical applications through the above aspects. The authors sincerely hope that this paper will be useful to researchers in the field. Finally, we summarize the article and outline the potential future development and applications of MFEFCs. ? 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Ali HekmatniaMehrdad KhatamiYousef FatahiSiavash Iravani...
15页
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract The application of quantum dots (QDs) for detecting and treating various types of coronaviruses is very promising, as their low toxicity and high surface performance make them superior among other nanomaterials; in conjugation with fluorescent probes they are promising semiconductor nanomaterials for the detection of various cellular processes and viral infections. In view of the successful results for inhibiting SARS‐CoV‐2, functional QDs could serve eminent role in the growth of safe nanotherapy for the cure of viral infections in the near future; their large surface areas help bind numerous molecules post‐synthetically. Functionalized QDs with high functionality, targeted selectivity, stability and less cytotoxicity can be employed for highly sensitive co‐delivery and imaging/diagnosis. Besides, due to the importance of safety and toxicity issues, QDs prepared from plant sources (e.g. curcumin) are much more attractive, as they provide good biocompatibility and low toxicity. In this review, the recent developments pertaining to the diagnostic and inhibitory potentials of QDs against SARS‐CoV‐2 are deliberated including important challenges and future outlooks. ? 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Ann Mohan GeorgeBhaskaran Radhakrishnan Nair Krishna bhavanJayakumaran Nair Ananthakrishnan
10页
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract BACKGROUND In the present investigation, rice husk modified by Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was used for the adsorptive removal of perchlorate by fixed column experiments from aqueous solution. The performance of the cationic modified rice husk (MRH) was characterized by Fourier transform infrared analysis. Experiments were carried out in a properly designed test rig consisting of a fixed‐bed column of the cationic MRH with provision for admitting variable flow rates of the adsorbate at specified concentrations. The experimental unit can vary the column heights of the adsorbent. RESULTS The influence of parameters such as inlet perchlorate feed concentration, flow rate of feed and height of bed used was analyzed based on the breakthrough curves and saturation time of the cationic modified adsorbent. The ranges of parameters were determined from parameter optimization studies using several sets of batch experiments conducted during the course of the preliminary investigation in the study. The breakthrough curves obtained from the column studies on the adsorption of perchlorate on MRH at various conditions were analyzed using four different kinetic models and the experimental and model‐predicted breakthrough curves were used to obtain the parameters of the adsorption process in the column. CONCLUSIONS Adams–Bohart and ded depth service time (BDST) models fitted better in the initial period of the adsorption process. Different nonlinear statistical methods were used to evaluate the best model for the column performance in the adsorption of perchlorate in a cationic modified adsorbent. ? 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract BACKGROUND Acrylic acid commercially produced by the successively catalytic oxidation of propylene has a high cost. The synthesis of acrylic acid by aldol condensation between coal derivatives, acetic acid and formaldehyde, is an economic alternative to the propylene oxidation process. However, the development of an environmentally friendly and effective catalyst has remained a challenge. RESULTS Diboron trioxide [B2O3(6–20%)]/silica (SiO2) nanocomposites with B2O3 particle sizes of 1–2?nm prepared by the wetness impregnation of boric acid into silica aerogel and subsequent calcination at 500?°C effectively catalyzed the gas‐phase aldol condensation reaction between acetic acid and formaldehyde (trioxymethylene) to acrylic acid with a selectivity of ≈87% at 340–400?°C. Bismuth (Bi‐), tungsten (W‐) and caesium (Cs)‐doped B2O3/SiO2 nanocomposites had higher catalytic activities in the gas‐phase aldol condensation reaction to acrylic acid than the undoped B2O3/SiO2 nanocomposite. CONCLUSION Weak‐strength Lewis acid and alkali sites of the B2O3(6–20%)/SiO2 nanocomposites co‐catalyzed the aldol condensation reaction to form acrylic acid. The doping of B2O3/SiO2 nanocomposites with Bi, W and Cs components results in the formation of BiBO3, WO3 and CsBO2 phases, which lead to an increase in acidity and basicity resulting in higher catalytic activity in the formation of acrylic acid. ? 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract BACKGROUND Membrane technology has attracted increasing interest in the field of separation and purification. Unfortunately, conventional membrane materials are usually derived from non‐renewable fossil resources that are difficult to degrade at the end of their life. In this work, as a sustainable alternative to the conventional polymer membrane, the biobased ploy (L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) hybrid membrane was successfully fabricated through the incorporation of modified natural halloysite nanotubes (HNTs). RESULTS The PLLA/HNT hybrid membranes were analysed by attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and contact angle measurement. The pure water flux of the hybrid membrane increased from 140.3 to 329.7?L.m?3.h?1, while the bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection ratio decreased from 94.3 to 82.7% with increasing HNT loading content from 0 to 1?wt%. Moreover, the addition of HNTs could also enhance the antifouling performance of the hybrid membrane. CONCLUSION The green PLLA/HNT hybrid membrane was successfully made from the recoverable and biodegradable PLLA and naturally occurring HNTs. Compared with the PLLA‐based membranes reported in the literature, the PLLA/HNT hybrid membranes presented relatively high permeability, moderate BSA rejection, and good antifouling performance. The green poly (L‐lactic acid) hybrid membranes hold great promise for practical application as they can contribute to a circular economy and sustainable development. ? 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract BACKGROUND The influence of power consumption on oxygen transfer during non‐Newtonian and surfactant‐producing microbial fermentations has been scarcely reported. In this work, we study the oxygen transfer and bubble size distributions in a real 100?L fermentation (producing poly(γ‐glutamic acid)) occurring under constant stirring speed (N) and under constant retrofitted power drawn (Pg/V). RESULTS For constant N fermentations, Pg/V and the volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa) decreased 40% and 70% during cultivation, respectively. Fermentations at constant Pg/V showed a decrease similar to that observed for constant N fermentations. Bubble size distributions were also similar for both operational conditions. Although an increase in bubble size was expected at constant N cultivations due to the increasing viscosity of the medium, the Sauter mean diameter (d32) decreased 65%. This singular behavior of d32 was likely caused by surfactin and bacillomycin, metabolites with strong surfactant activity produced by Bacillus velezensis 83 in the cultivations. The use of a constant Pg/V did not counteract the decrease in kLa due to the increase in viscosity. Although the presence of biosurfactants leads to an increase of interfacial transfer area by decreasing d32, the presence of these molecules and the increase in the medium viscosity affected kLa. CONCLUSIONS An atypical behavior of this system was found, especially in d32, different to that based on common correlations found in the literature. A complex interaction among the multiple factors involved in a real bioprocess for poly(γ‐glutamic acid) production was evidenced. ? 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract BACKGROUND Whether waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) can be effectively recycled is one of the main challenges of the current environmental problems. The hydrolysis of dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) to terephthalic acid (TPA) over Nb‐modified HZSM‐5 zeolite was studied. Nb/HZSM‐5 zeolites with different loadings were prepared and characterized by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, NH3‐temperature programmed desorption and pyridine adsorption infrared spectroscopy. The effects of different reaction conditions on the conversion of DMT and TPA yield were investigated. RESULTS The yield of TPA strongly depends on the reaction conditions and the loading of Nb. The niobium phase exists in the form of Nb2O5 on the zeolite and interacts with the surface of HZSM‐5 to produce the active site of Br?nsted acid. The yield of TPA is closely related to the concentration of Br?nsted acid sites. On 0.6Nb/HZSM‐5 catalyst, the yield of TPA is highest, at about 94%. CONCLUSION Nb/HZSM‐5 catalyst has excellent catalytic activity and high stability for DMT hydrolysis. In addition, the product TPA prepared in this study can be directly applied to the current PET production supply chain, providing a promising catalytic route. ? 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract BACKGROUND Phenolic pollutant contamination is a serious problem. The advanced oxidation process based on sulfate radicals (SR‐AOPs) is an efficient technology for the degradation of phenolic contaminants in the aquatic environment. Bimetallic nanomaterials have attracted much attention because of their excellent catalytic performance in activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS). Herein, 3D mesoporous NiCo2O4 hollow petal spheres with a specific surface area of 252.35?m2?g?1 were successfully prepared. RESULTS In the NiCo2O4/PMS system, phenol (50?mg?L?1) was absolutely removed within 25?min with a degradation rate constant (k) of 0.19651?min?1, which is 6.2 times higher than that of the Co3O4/PMS system. The excellent catalytic activity of NiCo2O4 is attributed to the larger amount of redox cycles of Co3+/Co2+ and Ni3+/Ni2+ as well as its large specific surface area and multi‐step pore channel structure. Moreover, the related influencing factors were systematically researched in the NiCo2O4/PMS system, including reaction temperature, solution pH, initial concentration, catalyst and PMS dose, as well as matrix species (HCO3?, Cl?, NO3?, and humic acid). The recycling tests revealed the outstanding chemical stability of NiCo2O4. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and quenching experiments verify that sulfate radical (SO4? ?) acts as the leading role for phenol decomposition. The possible degradation path was proposed based on the several major degradation intermediates that were detected by Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometer (GC–MS). CONCLUSION This research provides a facile and mild method for the fabrication of promising 3D heterogeneous catalysts for PMS activation and provides a green and promising technology for effective contaminant control in modern wastewater remediation. ? 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
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