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Journal of Hydrology
Elsevier
Journal of Hydrology

Elsevier

0022-1694

Journal of Hydrology/Journal Journal of HydrologySCIISTPEIAHCI
正式出版
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    Characteristics and driving factors of lake level variations by climatic factors and groundwater level

    Wu, ChuWu, XiongLu, ChuiyuSun, Qingyan...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Hongjiannao Lake (HL), the largest desert freshwater lake in China, has been undergoing quickly evolution of lake area during the past 30 years. The causes and driving mechanism of such changes, however, are still not well understood. The evolution process can be divided into three phases: the stationary phase, the shrinking phase, and the rising phase, which were affected by climate change and human activities, such as unreasonable utili-zation and water diversion. Here, wavelet coherence was used to analyze the relationship between the groundwater level and the lake level, and the results shown that groundwater levels in the lakeshore region were positively correlated to lake level within a short lag period of approximately 30 days. Then a gradient boosting decision tree-based regression model was applied to analyze the relative importance of climatic factors (model 1) and both of climatic factors and groundwater level (model 2) to the lake level. In model 1, the most important factor was the evaporation to the HL level, while in model 2, it was the groundwater level and the evaporation, which also achieved better prediction performance. Finally, using the 2021 meteorological data and groundwater level, model 2 was utilized to dynamically predict the daily water level of the HL, showing that the lake level fluctuated upward.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    MPS modeling of cross-sectional averaged shallow water flows with open boundaries using TVD-MacCormack predictor-corrector

    Sarkhosh, PayamJin, Yee-Chung
    23页
    查看更多>>摘要：The present study utilizes a moving particle simulation (MPS) method to solve cross-sectional averaged shallow water equations applicable for non-prismatic open channels. The well-known MacCormack predictor-corrector scheme is extended to the Lagrangian framework, ensuring the second accuracy in time and space. For this purpose, upwind and downwind MPS gradient operators are introduced. The total variation diminishing (TVD) flux-limiter scheme is developed to the MPS formulation to preserve monotonicity, which does not require characteristic speeds of the system. In mesh-based methods, the non-conservative form of the momentum equation is problematic in scenarios with discontinuities. However, the non-conservative convective flux term does not exist under the Lagrangian framework in preserving the momentum conservation. Moreover, the crosssectional area is computed by the algebraic density-ratio equation in the present work since the mass is automatically conserved. This advantage is beneficial for open boundary treatment resulting in less computational effort than mesh-based methods because the partial differential continuity equation is omitted as a boundary value problem. The present high-order solver has positivity-preserving and well-balancing properties without the need for any threshold value for treating the dry bed and friction term. Additionally, it can model free-surface flows in prismatic and non-prismatic open channels with various open and/or closed boundary conditions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Improved urban flood risk assessment based on spontaneous-triggered risk assessment conceptual model considering road environment

    Ma, ChaoChen, ZifanZhao, KaiXu, Hongshi...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Urban flood risk assessment is an important tool for urban disaster management. The current research mainly considered area itself as the evaluation object. Urban road networks are extremely vulnerable to floods as a basis for all socio-economic activities in the city. However, most studies on road environmental risk assessment only took road itself as the evaluation object and did not consider potential regional system risks such as traffic jam caused by road inundation. Based on this, this study proposes a spontaneous-triggered risk assessment (STRA) conceptual model that comprehensively considers the spontaneous risk (SR) caused by the subregional hazard, socio-economic exposure, and triggered risk (TR) from the cross-subregional traffic jam or interruption caused by the road inundation in the evaluated subregion. Taking Haidian Island in Haikou as an example, six indices were selected for the SR assessment based on the combined weight-gray fuzzy comprehensive risk assessment method. The maximum mean inundation depth of road (RMD), maximum inundation duration of road (RID), road betweenness centrality (RBC), and number of road bus lines (RBL) were selected for the TR assessment. Total flood risk (FR) of the study area was obtained by combining the two. The results indicate that, compared with the traditional SR, the highest and higher risk subregions are more concentrated in the study area center, and the risk of the outer ring subregions is reduced overall after considering the TR. According to statistics, the FR level of 68 subregions is lower than the SR level, most of which are in the outer ring of the study area, and the FR level of 17 subregions is higher than the SR level, most of which are located around the intersection of Haidian Fifth Road and People Road. The study outcomes provide a novel approach for flood risk assessment.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Improved runoff forecasting performance through error predictions using a deep-learning approach

    Han, HeechanMorrison, Ryan R.
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Accurate runoff prediction is critical for various fields of hydrology, agriculture, and environmental studies. Numerous hydrologic models have been developed and demonstrate good performances in runoff simulation. However, errors are inherent in forecasted runoff predictions, which can cause uncertainty in real-time flood warning systems. In order to improve the predictive performance of hydrologic modeling, this study used a deep learning approach as a post-processor to correct for errors associated with hydrologic data. The proposed model uses the long short-term memory model with sequence-to-sequence structure as a post-processor to improve runoff forecasting. Specifically, the deep learning approach was used to estimate errors in forecasted hourly runoff provided from National Water Model in Russian River basin, California, United States. Error prediction in hourly runoff with lead times between 1 and 18 h were developed using observed precipitation and errors from upstream stream gages to improve the predictive performance of National Water Model. The predictive performance of the model was evaluated using numerous statistical metrics, and results show that the long shortterm memory model with sequence-to-sequence post-processor improved runoff predictions compared to standalone results from the National Water Model. Statistical values of percent bias decreased from a range of -60%-80% to -15%-10% when the post-processor model was used, and similarly root mean square errors of runoff prediction decreased from 120 cms to 20 cms. Thus, this study demonstrates the power of deep learning model to improve hydrologic modeling results, especially those with short forecasting lead times.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    WEPPcloud: An online watershed-scale hydrologic modeling tool. Part I. Model description

    Lew, RogerDobre, MarianaSrivastava, AnuragBrooks, Erin S. S....
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：We developed a new online interface for the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model (WEPPcloud) with a framework that allows the incorporation and development of several other models and applications to make hydrologic models more accessible to land managers and facilitate the decision-making process. All inputs to WEPP, such as topography, soils, land use, and weather, are automatically created from publicly available online international databases and converted into input formats readable by the model. The WEPPcloud interface can be applied to forested, cropland, and rangeland conditions, but it is specialized for undisturbed forest conditions, post-wildfire, and pre-and post-wildfire management scenarios such as forest thinning, prescribed fire, or post wildfire mulching. Users only need a computer or device with a web browser and an internet connection to perform advanced hydrologic simulations. All the model runs are stored remotely on WEPPcloud, which can be accessed by the users at any given time. This modeling tool is presented in two parts: Part I: Model description and parameterization, and Part II: Model performance assessment and applications to forest management and
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Diagnosing changes in glacier hydrology from physical principles using a hydrological model with snow redistribution, sublimation, firnification and energy balance ablation algorithms

    Pradhananga, DhirajPomeroy, John W.
    20页
    查看更多>>摘要：A comprehensive glacier hydrology model was developed within the Cold Regions Hydrological Modelling platform (CRHM) to include modules representing wind flow over complex terrain, blowing snow redistribution and sublimation by wind, snow redistribution by avalanches, solar irradiance to sloping surfaces, surface sub-limation, glacier mass balance and runoff, meltwater and streamflow routing. The physically based glacier hy-drology model created from these modules in CRHM was applied to simulate the hydrology of the instrumented, glacierized and rapidly deglaciating Peyto and Athabasca glacier research basins in the Canadian Rockies without calibration of parameters from streamflow. It was tested against observed albedo, point and aggregated glacier mass balance, and streamflow and found to successfully simulate surface albedo, snow redistribution, snow and glacier accumulation and ablation, mass balance and streamflow discharge, both when driven by in -situ observations and reanalysis forcing data. Long term modelling results indicate that the increases in discharge from the 1960s to the present are due to increased glacier ice melt contributions, despite declining precipitation and snow melt.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Assessing the impacts of hydrodynamic parameter uncertainties on simulated evapotranspiration in a mountainous watershed

    Maina, Fadji Z.Siirila-Woodburn, Erica R.Dennedy-Frank, Peter-James
    17页
    查看更多>>摘要：Accurate quantification of the evolution of water resources requires a better understanding of the movements of water and energy from the subsurface to the lower atmosphere; physically-based integrated hydrologic models provide one of the key approaches to build such understanding. However, these models utilize a significant number of parameters that are measured only sparsely if at all-in particular, the hydrodynamic parameters. In this work, we perform a global sensitivity analysis to quantify the sensitivity of evapotranspiration (ET) to the hydrodynamic parameters. We study the East River watershed located in the Colorado basin and characterized by cold and snowy winters and hot summers, high topographic gradients, and heterogeneous land cover and geology. Our results highlight that hydrodynamic parameter uncertainties lead to 20% to 50% uncertainties in ET. In areas characterized by a disconnection between groundwater and land surface processes (under water limited conditions), hydrodynamic parameter uncertainties strongly impact ET which is highly sensitive to the parameters describing the unsaturated zone parameters. Conversely, in energy-limited areas where plants have year-round access to groundwater, ET is mainly sensitive to the effects of saturated hydraulic conductivities. ET uncertainties due to the uncertainties in hydrodynamic parameters were higher than those associated with the river stages and water table depths. Therefore, ET measurements could be used to improve the estimation of hydrodynamic parameters.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Stem distance as an explanatory variable for the spatial distribution and chemical conditions of stand precipitation and soil solution under beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees

    Jochheim, HubertLuettschwager, DietmarRiek, Winfried
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：The partitioning of bulk precipitation (PR) in forest ecosystems and its chemical composition depends on both meteorological factors, such as precipitation amount and intensity, evaporation rate, and wind speed, and stand structural factors, such as stand density, canopy structure, bark texture, and spatiotemporal distribution and density of foliage. We analysed fluxes of water and element contained therein of a mature European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forest stand on sandy soils in northeastern Germany. We applied a radially symmetrical setup within a stem distance gradient to measure stand precipitation (SP) with its components of throughfall (TF) and stemflow (SF), as well as to measure soil moisture, the chemical composition of the soil solution, the soil chemistry, and the fine root distribution. The chemical analysis of the constituents covered the macroelements (Ca, Mg, K, Na, Al, Fe, Mn, Si, S, P), the cations and anions NH4+, NO3-, Cl-, SO42-, and a few heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn). With an average PR of 620 mm a(-1), the partitioning resulted in 79% TF, 6% SF, and 15% canopy interception. TF volume increased with distance to stem during summer, but decreased during winter. Clear spatial gradients with increasing concentrations from PR, to different classes of TF as the distance from the trunk decreased, to SF were observed for nearly all elements. The contact of precipitation with leaves and the canopy structures alters the chemical composition of TF and SF by transferring elements from dry deposition or leaching of intracellular materials from the canopy and leads to the input of larger amounts of macroelements and heavy metals with the SP into the soil. Spatial patterns of canopy structures thus affect the spatial variation of TF and its constituents, which also affects the spatial distribution of roots and, at least in phases, the chemical composition of the topsoil solution.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Image-based machine learning for monitoring the dynamics of the largest salt marsh in the Yangtze River Delta

    Dai, ZhijunLong, ChuqiDong, HuiWei, Wen...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：The extreme decline in fluvial sediment discharge and rapid increase in sea level have increased salt marsh vulnerability in some of the world's mega-delta. However, limited research has addressed both the vertical accretion and horizontal/lateral progradation of salt marshes induced by anthropogenic activities in recent decades. Here, a machine learning-based method for retrieving remote sensing images of the salt marsh along the Eastern Chongming Wetland (ECW), the largest wetland in the Yangtze River Delta, was used to monitor salt marsh dynamics between 2002 and 2019. The results demonstrate that salt marshes have experienced significant expansion, including seaward progradation and accretion with ranges of 18.5-60.6 m/yr and 0.103-0.178 m/yr, respectively. Nevertheless, the bare mudflat areas adjoining the salt marshes have remained almost unchanged, while their progradation and accretion have also shown similar trends with the ranges of 13.3-103.7 m/yr, and 0.066-0.256 m/yr, respectively. Although there was a 70% reduction in fluvial sediment supply in the Yangtze River Delta after the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) began operating in 2003, it is less understood if the constant local suspended sediment concentration (SSC) of the estuary could be responsible for supporting enough sediment to enable salt marsh and mudflat expansions. Meanwhile, the results showed that the seaward expansion of the mudflats provided suitable space for the salt marsh to trap vast amounts of sediment and gradually occupy the adjoining mudflat area. The mudflat progradation further provided a larger space for the growth of salt marsh vegetation and promoted salt marsh expansion. Moreover, the accretion of the ECW indicates the high resilience of these salt marshes to sea-level rise (SLR). The present work highlights the external factors and internal driving forces of the salt marsh evolution process, providing information that can be used by communities and coastal managers to conserve and restore the salt marshes in the future.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Semi-analytical solution for reactive contaminant transport in a filled-fractured system with intervening rock matrices: Case examples of tritium and uranium

    Rezaei, AbolfazlPirvand, Mohammad
    22页
    查看更多>>摘要：While fractures are commonly filled in the subsurface, they have received little attention in terms of flow and solute transport. This study presents a semi-analytical solution for a reactive contaminant in a five-layer fracture matrix groundwater system characterized by a thin rock matrix separating the fractures, which are taken to be filled with sediments. Under conditions of steady groundwater flow using the Laplace transform for two scenarios of two-dimensional unilateral and three-dimensional radial flows, the solutions have obtained that account for longitudinal advective transport in the mobile portion of fractures and transverse diffusion in the adjacent matrices. The mathematical models in the real-time domain are derived by numerically inverting the solutions from the Laplace domain and validated against both the numerical and existing semi-analytical solutions. Examples of the solution behavior are presented, which demonstrate an increase in the fracture-mobile/fractureimmobile porosity ratio tends to increase the solute concentration in the adjacent matrices, particularly under unilateral flowrate, because in addition to the groundwater velocity, Peclet number, and hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient, the ratio of retardation factor to hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient also plays a significant role in solute transport. Compared to the fracture, the solute behavior in the matrices, particularly under the unilateral flow case, is more sensitive to changes in the parameters. The porosity of the rock matrix has a twofold effect since as porosity is increased, the retardation factor decreases while storage capacity increases. A thinner middle matrix in addition to a lower peak in tritium and uranium concentrations inside the whole system over long-time periods, is further accompanied by a quick overlapping the concentration penetration depth of adjacent fractures. The diffusion process in the rock matrix has been further identified as important as advection in the fracture for those repositories that are planned to safely dispose wastes for a long-time. The idea of combining multiple fractures as a single one with a double aperture is found to be only reasonable for the conservative solute under the steady-state or long-time conditions while it is not to be useful for the cases of sorptive solutes under the unsteady-state solute transport. The findings of this study can assist for simulating tracer tests as well as fate, transport, and remediation of groundwater contaminants in fractured rocks to better evaluate the safety degree of deep reservoirs in regard to disposal of nuclear and chemical wastes.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier