查看更多>>摘要：Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the microstructure of the surface of the tongue and lingual glands of the vulnerable native Sulawesi bear Ailurops ursinus. The study was carried out on five tongues collected from four adult animals and one young animal. There was variation in the shape of the filiform papillae. Few conical papillae were observed on the caudo‐lateral surface of the tongue. The gustatory papillae included fungiform papillae on the entire lingual surface and three vallate papillae, with the largest papilla located centrally. The foliate papillae were present on all the studied tongues and consisted of parallel folia on the right and left caudo‐lateral side of the tongue, which were divided into five to eight sulci. Numerous openings of the lingual glands were present on surface of the root of the tongue. Histochemical studies of the cells of the lingual glands showed the differences between young and adult animals. Thus, the composition of the secretion of these glands depends on age of animals. An aggregation of lymphatic cells was observed beneath the surface of the root epithelium. Keel (enlargement of mucosa) was present on the ventral surface of the tongue medially and was composed of the connective tissue and epithelium.
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract The axial skeleton morphology of eighteen aphaniid species was examined for the first time by X‐ray radiography, a non‐lethal method. The number of total vertebrae in the genus Aphanius is ranged from 26 to 29, in Aphaniops, it is ranged from 24 to 28, and in Paraphanius mento, it is ranged from 26 to 27. The vertebral column in Aphanius was often slightly curved, and it is varied from almost straight (most common) to slightly or strongly curved and straight in two others. The caudal skeleton of the family Aphaniidae is characterized by a single and completely fused hypural plate, and a total number of 9–12 branched segmented soft rays, a single and elongate epural bone. All examined species of the genus Aphanius and Paraphanius mento displayed a straight epural bone in their caudal skeleton, while it was often sinuous‐like and thick in all species of the genus Aphaniops. This study supports the assumption that a sinuous epural is likely the first detected morphological synapomorphy for the “inner” clade of Aphaniops. The family Aphaniidae is closer to Cyprinodontidae, Valenciidae and Fundulidae than other cyprinodontiforms in the caudal skeleton, which is in agreement with the multigene phylogeny of cyprinodontiforms.
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract The epidermis of a cephalochordate is described by scanning electron microscopy before tail amputation and at the following intervals thereafter: 1?day, 3?days, 6?days, 10?days and 14?days. Before amputation, the epidermis covering the entire body, including the tail, was a monolayer of non‐ciliated cells in a hexagonal array. In one‐day amputees, epidermal cells from the wound edge migrated, evidently by means of contractile lobopodia, forming a loosely associated monolayer on the cut surface. In the three‐day amputee, cells covering the regenerate had resumed their tight‐packed hexagonal array; however, in the six‐ and ten‐day samples, the cells covering the regenerating tail were loosely associated again and smaller than before. Surprisingly, in the same six‐ and ten‐day samples, the epidermal cells covering all body regions anterior to the regenerate had changed conspicuously—their apical cell membranes had shrunk, thereby opening up an intercellular gap, although the cells maintained their hexagonal shape and appeared to have the same neighbours as before. This gapped stage (of unknown significance) lasted about a week, after which the gaps closed up, and all the epidermal cells, including those on the regenerating tail, resumed their close association with their neighbours in a hexagonal grid.
Aurelio Ramírez‐BautistaRaciel Cruz‐ElizaldeBarry P. StephensonUriel Hernández‐Salinas...
9页
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract The body size and reproductive characteristics in populations of the same species is influenced by environmental and ecological factors. In this study, we analysed the relationship of environmental factors, morphological characters (body size and mass) and reproductive traits (clutch size) of females from 13 populations of Sceloporus variabilis. Results showed variation in snout?vent length (SVL), body mass and clutch size among populations. An ANCOVA between SVL and clutch size showed an increase of the latter in females from Alvarado and Valle Nacional; ANCOVA between body mass and SVL revealed an increase in body mass in most populations. A canonical correlation analysis showed a positive relationship between SVL, body mass, and clutch size with elevation and precipitation, but not with temperature. Future studies should assess the effect of seasonality and food resource availability on reproductive investment among populations of S.?variabilis to determine whether these characteristics are a function of differences in key ecological factors (e.g. availability of resources and seasonality) associated with each population, and determine the causes of geographic variation in morphological and life history characteristics among populations.
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract The liver is a well‐defined organ regarding its functions; however, it may present morphological variations among species. Since anurans may be exposed to toxic substances in their environment, which can disrupt liver's morphology and function, descriptive studies of organs are important to be carried out under natural condition. Thus, this study aimed to describe morphological aspects of liver in three Neotropical anuran species commonly used as experimental models: Physalaemus cuvieri (Leptodactylidae), Leptodactylus fuscus (Leptodactylidae) and Rhinella diptycha (Bufonidae). Anatomical, histological and ultrastructural analyses of six male samples of each species were carried out. A restricted analysis of the three species showed that livers' anatomy and ultrastructure are quite similar—they present three lobes, rounded nucleus polyhedral hepatocytes and some glycogen contents; however, histologically, there was a difference in the structural arrangements. In R.?diptycha the parenchyma was arranged in a single cord, whereas in P.?cuvieri and L.?fuscus, there were double ones. This parenchyma structuring is highly variable considering Amphibia class. Knowledge about hepatic morphology and ultrastructure in amphibians is a key measure to detect changes in experimental studies and to infer about possible physiological and / or metabolic changes, when these animals are exposed to adverse conditions.
Maria RodriguesLaura S. López GrecoLuis Carlos Ferreira de AlmeidaGiovana Bertini...
9页
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract The present study investigated the effects of eyestalk ablation on the reproductive performance of females from the native caridean shrimp Macrobrachium acanthurus. The reproduction parameters fertility, fecundity, egg volume, larvae size, loss of embryos and number of females with viable eggs/larvae were evaluated. Females presenting carapace length of 12–15?mm and spent stage of gonadal development were divided into two groups, one undergoing unilateral eyestalk ablation and the other remaining intact. The specimens were kept in aquarium until ovarian maturation, then brought together with males for mating (proportion of two females for each male). Fecundity and fertility were greater in intact females (1,741 eggs and 1,045 larvae) than in ablated ones (1,373 eggs and 741 larvae). Ablation also reduced the percentage of females with viable eggs (68% intact versus 49% ablated) and larvae (82% intact versus 64% ablated), besides increasing the loss of embryos. Egg volume and shape (ellipsoid) and larvae size were similar, as was the duration of embryonic development. The results of this study suggest that, although ablated females exhibit a high rate of survival, their reproductive performance is reduced; therefore, the ablation technique is not recommended in M.?acanthurus farming, so as to protect the animals from physiological stress.
Mukesh K. DhillonAditya K. TanwarFazil HasanAmarpal S. Bhadauriya...
11页
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Geographic distance and ecological conditions are important factors for phenological differentiation, and the adult morphological characters play significant role in several biological functions in insects. Present study showed significant intraspecific and intersex variation in colour pattern, number of spots and stripes on the forewings of Chilo partellus adults of different ecological populations. Females were comparatively light in colour with less black spots and stripes than the males across populations. Length and width of head, thorax and abdomen, wingspan, and various parts of male and female genitalia varied significantly across C.?partellus populations. Abdomen, corpus bursae and papillae anales were significantly longer in females of Hisar as compared to other populations. However, the length of aedeagus was significantly longer in males of Coimbatore and Delhi as compared to other populations. Range of wingspan: body size and body size: genitalia ratios across C.?partellus populations were wider in females than males. Wingspan: body size ratio was significantly lower in males of Raichur and females of Hisar and Parbhani as compared to other populations. Body size: genitalia ratio was significantly lower in males of Coimbatore and Hyderabad, and females of Coimbatore, Raichur and Surat as compared to other ecological populations. These findings suggest phenotypic plasticity in C.?partellus having implications for phenotypic expression and greater fitness in response to changing climatic conditions.
Anna M. DymekRafal P. PiprekAlicja BorońFrank Kirschbaum...
19页
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract In this study, we assessed the ovary structure and early oogenesis in representatives of Osteoglossomorpha, one of the most basal Teleostei groups. We aimed to perform a comparative analysis between internally fertilizing Pantodon buchholzi (Pantodontidae) and externally fertilizing Osteoglossum bicirrhosum (Osteoglossidae), Marcusenius cyprinoides, Brevimyrus niger, Gnathonemus petersii and Mormyrus rume (Mormyridae). Our results indicated differences in ovary structure between P.?buchholzi and the externally fertilizing species, as well as a considerable disparity in oocyte organization in all studied species. All species possess ovaries of the cystovarian type. In P.?buchholzi, the epithelium lining the lumen was columnar and formed crypts with ciliated and microvillus cells as well as deep invaginations with secretory cells, whereas in the remaining species epithelium was squamous. The organization of oogonia and one‐nucleolus oocytes did not differ between species, there were variations in oocytes at subsequent steps of primary growth, including symmetry/asymmetry of the inner cell structure, differences in Balbiani body formation, presence/absence of zonation of the ooplasm, and differences in the order in which cortical alveoli and oil droplets appeared. These differences may be caused by a long and separate evolution of the families as well as adaptation to insemination in the family Pantodontidae.
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract In this study, Chrysolina herbacea female reproductive system, differentiating stages of vitellogenesis, the egg chorion are examined with light and scanning electron microscopies. C.?herbacea is chosen for this study because it is considered to be one of the most harmful insects that destroy mint plants, and it is an agricultural pest. Female reproductive system consists of a pair of ovaries, a pair of lateral oviducts, a common oviduct, spermathecae and a genital chamber. The ovary has 18 meroistic telotrophic ovariole. Each ovariole is divided into four regions: terminal filament, germarium, vitellarium and pedicel. Terminal filament is a long tubular structure. Germarium contains trophocytes (nurse cells), young oocytes and prefollicular cells. Vitellarium consists differentiating oogenic stages including developmental periods of previtellogenesis, vitellogenesis and choriogenesis. The ovarioles open into lateral oviduct by pedicel. The single spermatheca is located near the base of the common oviduct. Spermathecae consist of spermathecae reservoir for sperm storage and a short spermathecae duct. C.?herbacea eggs are yellow and elongated. The structure of female reproductive system, the egg chorion and larva of C.?herbacea are important to understand the outbreak of this insect pest and to biological control this harmful species.
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract The histological and histochemical studies of gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) are important for understanding the morphophysiology in animal digestive processes. Therefore, this study aimed to describe and analyse the histological and histochemical characteristics of Varanus salvator GI tract based on two adult wild‐caught specimens (male and female). The results of histological study revealed that most of V.?salvator GI tract is quite similar to that of other vertebrates. However, only slight differences were found in some histological aspects. According to the fine structure of stomach, the oxynticopeptic cells of oral fundic region contained numerous secretory granules, while those of the aboral fundic region contained less secretory granules. For the mucin histochemical study, the acid and neutral mucins can be found throughout the GI tract except for pyloric stomach found neutral mucin only. This study provides information about the microanatomic structures of V.?salvator GI tract that could be applied to the biological and veterinary sciences, and farming and feeding management.
NSTL
Wiley