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Developmental and Comparative Immunology
Pergamon Press
Developmental and Comparative Immunology

Pergamon Press

0145-305X

Developmental and Comparative Immunology/Journal Developmental and Comparative ImmunologySCIISTP
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    Identification of amphioxus protein disulfide isomerase as both an enzyme and an immunocompotent factor

    Ma, ZengyuTan, YunxiaQu, BaozhenGao, Zhan...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Previous studies have shown that protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), a member of the thioredoxin (TRX) superfamily, are broadly associated with immune responses in a variety of animals. However, it remains largely unknown about the direct roles of PDIs during a bacterial infection. In this study, we identified the presence of a single pdi gene in the amphioxus Branchiostoma japonicum, Bjpdi. The deduced protein BjPDI is structurally characterized by the presence of four Trx-like domains in the order of a, b, b' and a' and a short acidic C-terminal tail, that are characteristic of PDIs. We demonstrated that rBjPDI displayed both thiol reductase and disulfide bond isomerase activities, indicating comparability of BjPDI with PDIs in term of enzymatic activities. We also showed that rBjPDI induced bacterial agglutination and exhibited a lectin-like activity capable of binding both bacteria (E. coli and S. aureus) and their signature molecules LPS and LTA. Furthermore, BjPDI could kill S. aureus via inducing membrane depolarization and intracellular ROS production in vitro, and treatment of amphioxus with a blocking anti-PDI antibody in vivo markedly reduced the survival rate of amphioxus following attack by S. aureus. Collectively, our study demonstrates that amphioxus protein disulfide isomerase acts as both an enzyme and an immunocompotent factor, and reports the specific function and mode of action of PDIs in immune responses.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    DAK inhibits MDA5-mediated signaling in the antiviral innate immunity of black carp

    Qiao, GuoxiaSong, WuHe, YunfanDeng, Zhuoyi...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Dihydroxyacetone kinase (DAK) functions as a negative regulator of melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5)-mediated interferon (IFN) production in human. To explore its role in teleost fish, DAK homologue of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) has been cloned and characterized in this paper. The transcription of black carp DAK (bcDAK) variated in host cells in response to LPS, poly (I:C) and virus stimulation, and bcDAK was majorly distributed in the cytoplasm. Overexpressed bcDAK in EPC cells showed little IFN promoter-inducing ability in the reporter assay and no antiviral activity in plaque assay. When co-expressed with black carp MDA5 (bcMDA5) in EPC cells, bcDAK obviously inhibited bcMDA5-mediated IFN promoter transcription in reporter assay and the antiviral activity in plaque assay. The knockdown of bcDAK enhanced the antiviral activity of the host cells. The association between bcDAK and bcMDA5 has been identified through immunofluorescent staining and co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assay. Thus, the data generated in this study support the conclusion that black carp DAK interacts with MDA5 and negatively regulates MDA5-mediated antiviral signaling.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Alpinone: A positive regulator molecule of immune antiviral response in Atlantic salmon kidney cells

    Benavides, AlmendraGutierrez, DanielaEpuyao, NadiaModak, Brenda...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Alpinone is a flavonoid obtained from the resinous exudate of Heliotropium huascoense. This flavonoid shows antiviral activity against the infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV), which causes severe disease in farmed Atlantic salmon. Here, we aim to elucidate mechanisms underlying the antiviral effects of the flavonoid. In this regard, we evaluated whether Alpinone can act upregulating the pattern-recognition receptor genes, i.e., the RIGI-like, TLR3, and TLR9 genes, and the genes of the downstream signaling pathways. Transcriptional expression of the genes was analyzed using real-time PCR after 8, 24, and 48 h treatment of salmon kidney adherent cells with 15 mu g/mL of Alpinone. First, we showed that Alpinone induced IFNa expression in the kidney adherent cells, indicating that this type of salmon cells is in part responsible for the effects previously reported in vivo. Upregulation of the IFN-induced myxovirus resistance (Mx) gene was also observed in the head kidney cells in response to the treatment. Overexpression reached a maximum level at 24 h post-treatment. Interestingly, Alpinone also induced upregulation of the cytosolic receptors of ssRNA, named Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and Melanoma Differentiation-Associated protein 5 (MDA5), but there were no effects on the transcriptional expression of the TLR3 and TLR9 endosomal receptors. In addition, Alpinone upregulated the expression of genes encoding the main components of the RIG-I/MDA5 signaling pathways, such as the mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS), TNF Receptor Associated Factor 3 (TRAF3), TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), I-kappaB kinase epsilon (IKK epsilon), the transcription factors IRF-3, and IRF7. The increased expression of all these genes is consistent with the upregulation of IFNa and Mx mRNAs. Because BX795 completely prevents Alpinone-dependent upregulation of IFNa and IRF3, the flavonoid targets seem to be upstream of the kinases TBK1 and IKK epsilon. Altogether, this study contributes to elucidating the mechanisms involved in Alpinone antiviral activity in fish. Alpinone can be used to counteract virus mechanisms of evasion where the onset of interferonmediated response is prevented or delayed.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    KLF13 induces apoptotic cell clearance in Penaeus vannamei as an essential part of shrimp innate immune response to pathogens

    Bao, ShiyuanZhang, ChuchuAweya, Jude JuventusYao, Defu...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Although, in mammals, the Kruppel-like transcription factor 13 (KLF13) plays an essential role in cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, immune regulation, and inflammation, its role in penaeid shrimp is unclear. In the current study, we characterized a KLF13 homolog in Penaeus vannamei (PvKLF13), with full-length cDNA of 1677 bp and 1068 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative protein of 355 amino acids, which contains three ZnF_C2H2 domains. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed that PvKLF13 shares a close evolutionary relationship with KLF13 from invertebrates. Transcript levels of PvKLF13 were ubiquitously expressed in shrimp and induced in hemocytes upon challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Streptococcus iniae, and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), suggesting the involvement of PvKLF13 in shrimp immune response to pathogens. Besides, knockdown of PvKLF13 decreased hemocytes apoptosis in terms of increased expression of pro-survival PvBcl-2, but decreased expression of pro-apoptotic PvBax and PvCytochrome C, coupled with high PvCaspase3/7 activity, especially upon V. parahaemolyticus challenge. The findings here indicate the involvement of PvKLF13 in apoptotic cell clearance as an essential part of shrimp innate immune response to pathogens.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Immunization of chickens with Salmonella gallinarium ghosts expressing Salmonella Enteritidis (N)FliC-FimA(C) and CD40LC fusion antigen enhances cell-mediated immune responses and protects against wild-type challenges with both species

    Senevirathne, AmalHewawaduge, ChamithLee, John Hwa
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：This study describes the construction and immunological characterization of a novel Salmonella gallinarium ghost vaccine to protect against S. gallinarium (SG) and S. Enteritidis (SE) serotypes. The SG ghost was designed to express N-terminus FliC (D0-D1 domain) and FimA retrieved from the SE genome, and the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of CD40L from the chicken as a single fusion construct. The construct was built in pJHL184, a phage lysis gene E -mediated ghost plasmid and the expression was confirmed by western blot resulting in an 85kDa band. Chicken immunization was conducted by intramuscular route with SG ghost FliC-FimA-CD40L, vector control, or PBS alone in a prime-boost schedule. Antibody responses, cell-mediated immune responses (CMI), and cytokine induction was assessed in chicken demonstrating significantly high levels of IgY, CMI, cytokine responses in ghost immunized group delivering partial protection against SG wild type challenge and near complete protection against SE challenge wild type challenge.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Presence of two RIG-I-like receptors, MDA5 and LGP2, and their dsRNA binding capacity in a perciform fish, the snakehead Channa argus

    Zhang, Yong-AnLiu, Lan HaoNie, P.Chen, Shan Nan...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Fish retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) are critical RNA sensors in cytoplasm and are involved in antiviral innate immunity. However, some species of fish lack RIG-I gene, and the function of RLR members in RIG-I-absent fish is poorly understood. In the present study, MDA5, LGP2 and MAVS genes were identified in commercially important snakehead Channa argus. But, RIG-I gene was not found in this fish, and a systematic analysis of RLRs in available genome database of fish indicated the absence of RIG-I in the Acanthomorphata, Clupeiformes and Polypteriformes, suggesting that loss events of RIG-I gene may have occurred independently three times in the evolutionary history of fish. The MDA5, LGP2 and MAVS in snakehead have conserved protein domains and genomic location based on sequence, phylogenetic and syntenic analyses. These genes are constitutively expressed in healthy fish and can be induced by polyinosinic and polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)) stimulation in vitro. It is further revealed that the snakehead MDA5 and LGP2 have binding capacity with dsRNA, such as poly(I:C), and MDA5 can interact with MAVS, implying the antiviral function of MDA5 in the RIG-I-absent fish.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Why do insects evolve immune priming? A search for crossroads

    Prakash, ArunKhan, Imroze
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Until recently, it was assumed that insects lack immune memory since they do not have vertebrate-like specialized memory cells. Therefore, their most well studied evolutionary response against pathogens was increased basal immunity. However, growing evidence suggests that many insects also exhibit a form of immune memory (immune priming), where prior exposure to a low dose of infection confers protection against subsequent infection by the same pathogen that acts both within and across generations. Most strikingly, they can rapidly evolve as a highly parallel and mutually exclusive strategy from basal immunity, under different selective conditions and with divergent evolutionary trade-offs. However, the relative importance of priming as an optimal immune strategy also has contradictions, primarily because supporting mechanisms are still unclear. In this review, we adopt a comparative approach to highlight several emerging evolutionary, ecological and mechanistic features of priming vs basal immune responses that warrant immediate attention for future research.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Characterization of the variable lymphocyte receptor B genes of a freshwater nonparasitic lamprey species, Lampetra hubbsi

    Rekedal, Kyle L.Hassan, Khan M. A.Amemiya, Chris T.
    4页
    查看更多>>摘要：Agnathans possess a convergent adaptive immune system in comparison to that of jawed vertebrates. In lieu of immunoglobulins, agnathans deploy variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs), single chain protein effector molecules consisting of leucine rich repeat modules. Foundational work for this discovery utilized the parasitic sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. However, for several reasons, it is desirable to employ a local species for further studies of lamprey immunity. A disjunct freshwater species from the Kings River of California, Lampetra hubbsi, was evaluated for this purpose. Validation that its adaptive immune system was analogous to that of P. marinus entailed detailed examination of its immune tissue organization and of its VLRB cDNA transcripts. The VLRB molecules showed high degrees of homology with P. marinus VLRB. Furthermore, hemato-lymphopoietic tissue expression of VLRB protein was confirmed. We conclude that L. hubbsi should be a viable alternative for studying the lamprey adaptive immune system and for generation of monoclonal antibodies.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Consequences of the different order of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements in swine

    Sinkorova, JanaSinkora, MarekStepanova, Katerina
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Swine use a reverse order of immunoglobulin chain rearrangement compared to humans and mice, and this altered and modified order should have measurable consequences. Here we perform new and defining experiments with developing and mature B cells, characterizing the B cell populations that do not exist in other species. First, we have finally confirmed that light chains kappa and lambda are rearranged and expressed on the surface before any heavy chain rearrangements using western-blot. And second, we have analyzed a pool of mature B cells on the single-cell level to demonstrate that many kappa+ mature B cells carry lambda transcripts. According to these findings, we believe that there may be more groups of mammals; one of which uses a pre-BCR-driven developmental pathway for B cell generation (like mice and humans), the second group uses a pre-BCR-independent one (like swine), and some may be even intermediate.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Gut microbiome alterations in the crustacean Pacifastacus leniusculus exposed to environmental concentrations of antibiotics and effects on susceptibility to bacteria challenges*

    Soderhall, IreneHernandez-Perez, AriadneZamora-Briseno, Jesus AlejandroSoderhall, Kenneth...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Gut-associated microbiota in crustaceans are recognized as a key element for maintaining homeostasis and health in the animal. Since the richness of these microbial communities is strongly influenced by the local environment, especially in aquatic organisms, it is important to address to what extent environmental variations can affect these communities. In the present study, we used high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing technology to study the composition of gut-associated microbiota of the crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus after exposure to environmentally-relevant concentrations of an antibiotic, namely sulfamethoxazole. Also, we examined if alterations of microbiota caused by environmentally-relevant concentrations of this antibiotic affected the host susceptibility to bacterial diseases, including Vibrio species. As a result, we found high individual variability of bacterial abundance and composition in the intestinal microbiome of crayfish, in both antibiotic-exposed and antibiotic-free crayfish. However, an increase of chitinolytic bacteria including Vibrio spp. was detected in some animals exposed to the antibiotic. Moreover, when crayfish susceptibility to bacterial infections was tested, the antibiotic-exposed crayfish survived longer than the control crayfish group. This study represents the first approach for investigating the interplay between crayfish and intestinal bacteria during antibiotic-pollution scenarios. Results herein should be considered by scientists before planning experiments under laboratory conditions, especially to study environmental effects on aquatic animals' intestinal health and immune status.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier