首页期刊导航|Caryologia
期刊信息/Journal information
Caryologia
University of Florence
Caryologia

University of Florence

0008-7114

Caryologia/Journal CaryologiaSCIAHCIISTP
正式出版
收录年代

    Chromosomal analysis of eight cultivars in three species of cultivated Yam (Dioscorea L.) species in Nigeria

    Matthew, JoshuaFaluyi, Julius Oloaye
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：The genus Dioscorea comprises of economically-important plant species known for their starch throughout the world; it is also a major source of food and income in Africa. The most important Dioscorea species cultivated and consumed in the West Africa belt include D. cayenensis, D. rotundata and D. alata. The plant materials used in this study were collected from Omu-Ekiti, Oye Local Government of Ekiti State, Nigeria using the On Farm Participatory Method (01 4 PM). Mitotic chromosome studies were carried out on three species viz, Dioscorea alata (`ewuri), D. cayenensis ('igangan') and D. rotundata ('arcyingbalcumo, 'gaungaun, 'ikumo, 'ogunmole and 'sandpaper). Mitotic chromosome studies were carried out on each of the cultivars using the root tip squash method made in modified Orcein stain (FLP-Orcein). Dormant tubers were cut to mini-setts and placed in carbonised rice husk for rooting. This study reports the basic chromosome number of x= 8, i.e. 2n = 4x 32 (D. alata), 2n = 4x =38 (D. rotundata) and 2n = 8x = 68 (D. cayenensis) for Dioscorea suggesting that both D. rotundata and D. cayenensis are aneuploids.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Univ Studi Firenze

    Mutagenic and cytotoxic activity of insecticide Napoleon 4EC in Allium cepa and Ames test

    Akyil, Dilek
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：The objective of this study was to explore the mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of Napoleon 4EC pesticide used in Turkey to control insect pest by using two standard assays. The Allium cepa test was used for determined the cytotoxic effects of this pesticide. For this test, onion seeds were exposed to Napoleon 4EC (100, 200, and 400 ppm) for 24, 48, and 72 hours. For each test group root tip cells were stained with Feulgen and five slides were prepared for each concentration and counted microscopically. The concentrations Napoleon 4EC was compared with the value for the negative control using Dunnet-t test, 2 sided. The results indicated that mitotic index was clearly decreased with increasing the concentration of Napoleon 4EC in each treatment group as compared to the controls. The percentage of mitotic phases has been markedly impacted. Five different doses of the pesticide (50, 100, 200, 400, 800 mu g/plate) were examined with Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 with and without S9 metabolic activation for mutagenic activity. Ames test results showed a dose dependent effect, but not twice the negative control for S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100, with or without S9 mix except 800 mu g/plate doses. In 800 mu g/plate doses, colony numbers are two-fold increase according to colony number of control group. So, this places the this compound as a weak mutagen according to the parameters.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Univ Studi Firenze

    Assessment of antimitotic and programmed cell death stimulation potentials of Galium sinaicum (Delile ex Decne) Boiss. at the cellular level

    Sobieh, Shaimaa S.Fahmy, Dina M.
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：Galium sinaicum is a wild medicinal plant in saint Catherine, Egypt. To distinguish apoptotic effect of G. sinaicum ethanol extract (GsEE). The role of GsEE in inducing programmed cell death (PCD) of Allium cepa root meristematic cell(AcR) was examined. Cells was subjected to GsEE in definite concentrations (0.1,0.3, 0.5%) and duration (6, 12h), then PCD induction was assessed. Application of GsEE arrested the mitotic division of AcR with metaphase accumulation. Electron microscopy analysis demonstrated ultrastructural alterations of organelles verifying PCD hallmarks. Protein electrophoresis analysis of AcR revealed a change in protein profile of Allium cepa root, also quantitative analysis showed significant increase in nuclease activity enzymes that stimulated DNA laddering fragmentation. Additionally, cell proliferation of MCF7 and BHK21 was arrested by GsEE. Apoptotic effect of G. sinaicum may be attributed to the presence of potent phenolic compounds such as querectin and rutin as established by HPLC phenolic fingerprint analysis.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Univ Studi Firenze

    First genome size assessments for Marshallia and Balduina (Asteraceae, Helenieae) reveal significant cytotype diversity

    Garnatje, TeresaPellicer, JaumeValles, JoanHall, Nathan...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：The genus Marshallia is made up by seven to ten species of perennial herbs growing mainly in open habitats, whereas the genus Balduina is represented by three sympatric species; two perennial herbs and one annual, growing in open pine forest habitats. Both genera belong to the family Asteraceae, tribe Helenieae, and are endemic to the southeast United States, in North America. Cytogenetic studies concerning these two genera are scarce and genome size data is lacking for both. The main goals of this study were to (i) generate novel insights into the evolution of the genome size and (ii), contribute to filling existing gaps on our knowledge of the Asteraceae family from this point of view. Nuclear DNA contents range from 11.42 pg/2C in Marshallia trinervia to 31.58 pg/2C in Marshallia mohrii. The combination of genome size with chromosome data (and inferred cytotypes) suggests the existence of multiple cytotypes, and provides interesting insights into the potential impact of polyploidy in the evolution of these genera in general, and the shaping of genome size diversity, in particular.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Univ Studi Firenze

    Comparative study and genetic diversity in Salvia ( Lamiaceae) using RAPD Molecular Markers

    Zheng, RuonanZhao, ShuhuaKhayatnezhad, MajidShah, Sayed Afzal...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Salvia has a high degree of environmental compatibility and is widespread around the world, especially in tropical and temperate regions. It is represented by 61 species including 19 endemic species. Salvia species are mostly shrubs or subshrubs, occasionally herbs, typically perennial, sometimes biennial or annual, and often aromatic. The genus has high medicinal, commercial and horticultural value. It is the largest and one of the taxonomically complicated genus of Lamiaceae. To determine the genetic diversity and understand the species, we produced both morphological and molecular data using 145 randomly collected plants representing 30 species from 18 provinces of Iran. A total of 107 reproducible bands were generated by 10 of 25 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers, with an average of 10.7 bands/ primer and 44% polymorphism. Largest number of effective alleles (Ne), genetic diversity (H), and Shannon Index (I) were shown by Salvia reuterana. Our data depicted highest similarity between S. suffruticosa and S. hydrangea and lowest between S. aristata and S. oligphylla. S. limbata showed relatively low level of genetic variation. Finally, the Neighbor Joining (NJ) trees based on RAPD markers data divided the populations into two different clusters, indicating their genetic difference which is discussed in details.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Univ Studi Firenze

    Identification of regions of constitutive heterochromatin and sites of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) in Rhogeessa hussoni (Genoways & Baker, 1996) (Chiroptera; Mammalia; Vespertilionidae)

    Dos Santos, Adriano SilvaFaria, Karina de Cassia
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：There is scarce information a bout the geographical distribution, biological and cytogenetic data from the Rhogeessa hussoni. This study aims to characterize its chromosome composition through chromosome bandings to visualize regions of constitutive heterochromatin (CGB bands) and sites of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) in R. hussoni's karyotype. A female specimen of R. hussoni was collected in the "Parque Municipal Mario Viana" Conservation Unit, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Central-West region of Brazil. The karyotype constitution was 2n=52 and N F=54. The CB G bands evidenced a sex X chromosome nearly completely constituted by heterochromatin. The Rhogeessa hussoni has two sites of rDNA located in a single pair (pair 25) of autosomal chromosomes. We carried out the first cytogenetic characterization of R. hussoni,supplementing knowledge about regions of heterochromatin and ribosomal DNA in this species, thus contributing to future elucidations about the genetic diversification in the genus Rogheessa.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Univ Studi Firenze

    Analysis of CMA-DAPI bands and preparation of fluorescent karyotypes in thirty Indian cultivars of Lens culinaris

    Jha, Timir BaranBhowmick, Biplab KumarRoy, Partha
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：India holds a significant rank in production and consumption of the age old protein rich crop Lentil with only one cultivated species and a large number of phenotypically similar cultivars. The need for a reliable and cost effective method of genetic characterization to unravel differences within the Lentil cultivars was felt. The present paper adopted EMA based chromosome preparation followed by staining with two contrasting fluorochrome dyes CMA and DAPI that bind directly to GC and AT rich hctcrochromatic segments on chromosomes. Analysis of fluorochrome banding pattern furnished a comparative account of genetic diversity within the cultivars that could not be achieved by traditional karyotyping. The marker pair of nucleolar chromosomes (4th and 3rd, majorly) occupied a pivotal position to intensify differences between cultivars in terms of banding patterns around secondary constrictions, suggestive of yet unknown variation in heterochromatin composition. Our study has strengthened genetic background and relationships of Lentil cultivars. We observed certain types of unusual fluorochrome bands that put forward the exclusivity of Indian germplasm and have questioned the mainstream hctcrochromatin elements of plant chromosomes captured by CMA-DAPI stains. The comprehensive fluorescent karyotypes of 30 L culinaris Medik. cultivars prepared for the first time, serve as an archetype for the benefit of future breeding programmes.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Univ Studi Firenze

    Toxic and genotoxic effects of aqueous extracts of Polygonum weyrichii Fr. Schmidt on the Allium test taken as an example

    Smirnova, Maria, VKorovkina, Anna, V
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：The plant Poligonum weyrichii Fr. Schmidt is a promising plant in Murmansk region because it is a valuable source of flavonoid compounds. The aim of the study is to investigate, using a sensitive and the well-established Allium test, toxic and genotoxic effects of aqueous extracts of inflorescences and leaves of the middle tier, which differ in concentration (20, 50, 80 and 100%). According to the observations, aqueous extracts of inflorescences and leaves of P. weyrichii of 50%, 80% and 100% concentration have a mitodepressive effect on the cells of the root meristem of Allium cepa L., and inhibit the root growth, causing chromosomal abnormalities. The further investigations are necessary on selection of aqueous extracts concentrations of P. weyrichii.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Univ Studi Firenze

    Comparative cytogenetic analysis between species of Auchenipterus and Entomocorus (Siluriformes, Auchenipteridae)

    Lui, Roberto LaridondoMachado, Amanda de SouzaKowalski, SamanthaPaiz, Leonardo Marcel...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：According to Auchenipteridae initial morphological data, Auchenipterus and Entomocorus have been considered phylogenetically close, and cytogenetic analyses are limited only to Auchenipterus osteomystax. Herein, we provide the first cytogenetic results about Auchenipterus nuchalis from Araguaia River and Entomocorus radiosus from Paraguay River. These data were generated in order to contribute to the investigation of the Auchenipterus chromosomal diversity and to attempt to better understand the phylogenetic relationship of these Auchenipterinae genera, mainly due to the existence of incongruous characters between Entomocorus and Centromochlinae. The two species presented 2n-58 chromosomes and had different karyotype formulas. The heterochromatin distribution was primarily shown in terminal regions, along with interstitial and/or pericentromeric blocks in submetacentric/subtelocentric pairs in A. nuchalis and E. radiosus. Single and terminal AgNORs were confirmed by 18S rDNA for the analyzed species, differing from A. osteomystax (cited as A. nuchalis) from Upper Parana River. The variation in the number of 5S rDNA between species and its equilocality in E. radiosus suggest that the dispersion of the gene associated with the amplification of heterochromatic regions in the interphase, possibly promoted by the Rabl model system. The differences found between the species of Auchenipterus can work as species-specific characters and assist in studies of these taxa, which historically have been wrongly identified as a single species with wide distribution throughout the Neotropical region, when they are actually different species. Furthermore, there are cytogenetic similarities between E. radiosus and members of Centromochlinae like pointed out by recent morphological and molecular analyses in the family.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Univ Studi Firenze

    Impact of Bisphenol A on seed germination, radicle length and cytogenetic alterations in Pisum sativum L.

    Siddiqui, SazadaAl Amri, Saad Abdurahamn MuhammadAl Ghamdy, Huda AhmedAlqahtani, Wadha Saad Saeed...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Bisphenol A (BPA) is a global transpiring pollutant and an endocrine disruptor present in the environment which has a substantial harmful effect on plants. In the present study, its effects on seed germination, radicle length and cytogenetic alterations were investigated in P. sativum root tip cells. P. sativum seeds were germinated after treating with various concentrations of BPA (2 mg/L, 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 15 mg/L, 20 mg/L and 25 mg/L) at 24 +/- 1 degrees C for 72 hours and the cytogenetic variations were assessed. The investigation showed that BPA reduced the percentage of seed germination, mitotic index, radicle length (at higher concentrations) and instigated a rise in chromosomal anomalies in a dose-related manner. In total, there is an enhanced occurrence of c-mitosis, stickiness, bridges, fragments and laggards in the BPA treated root tip cells of P. sativum seeds.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Univ Studi Firenze