首页期刊导航|Landslides
期刊信息/Journal information
Landslides
Springer-Verlag
Landslides

Springer-Verlag

1612-510X

Landslides/Journal LandslidesEISCIAHCI
正式出版
收录年代

    Hydraulic properties of and pressure-head dynamics in thick pyroclastic-fall deposits in Atsuma, Northern Japan: implications for the role of water in shallow landslides induced by the 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake

    Aoki, ToshiyaKatsura, Shin'yaKoi, TakashiTanaka, Yasutaka...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：The 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake triggered numerous shallow landslides on slopes covered with thick pyroclastic-fall deposits. The landslides occurred more frequently on concave slopes than on convex slopes, implying that water was responsible for initiating them. As a first step toward clarifying the role of water in such landslides, we monitored the pressure-head (psi) dynamics of uncollapsed concave and convex slopes and measured the hydraulic properties of each layer in the laboratory. Our results show that while the lower part of the pyroclastic-fall-deposit layers and the weathered basement complex (sedimentary rock) are always at or near saturation with little relationship to rainfall on concave slopes, the weathered basement complex never becomes saturated and shows greater fluctuation in it on convex slopes. From these results and the hydraulic properties, it can be inferred that water plays two important roles in co-seismic landslides: the formation of a pyroclastic-fall-deposit layer that is vulnerable to seismic motions as a result of persistently promoted weathering, and the saturation of the depths around a landslide slip surface just before earthquake onset. These factors allow sliding-surface liquefaction to be induced by earthquakes and also explain why co-seismic landslides occur more frequently on concave slopes. It was also inferred that 11 mm of rainfall 25-27 h prior to earthquakes has little effect on landslide initiation, as similar rainfall amounts do not affect psi around a slip surface.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature

    Triggering processes of deep-seated gravitational slope deformation (DSGSD) in an un-glaciated area of the Cavargna Valley (Central Southern Alps) during the Middle Holocene

    Livio, F. A.Zerboni, A.Ferrario, M. F.Mariani, G. S....
    17页
    查看更多>>摘要：Triggering mechanisms and causative processes of deep-seated gravitational slope deformations (DSGSD) in Alpine and high mountain areas include, among others, post-glacial de-buttressing, earthquake-induced ground shaking, or co-seismic surface faulting. Distinguishing between climatic or tectonically driven factors is challenging since faults and fracture systems can play both an active and/or passive role in the process initiation. We applied an integrated approach, including morpho-structural analysis, geologic field survey, a paleoseismological approach applied to trenching, radiocarbon dating and detailed sedimentological analysis, to a DSGSD located in the Cavargna Valley (N Italy), an area that was never occupied by extensive ice tongues in the Upper Pleistocene and Holocene. We were able to document at least two phases of movement from the Middle Holocene onwards and related triggering factors. Thanks to the comparison with dated lacustrine turbidites in the Alpine Lakes, we argue a seismic triggering for the landslide onset, with a possible source located in southern Switzerland, close to the Insubric Line. The later evolution of the landslide was instead driven by climatic predisposing conditions (humid and cold), instead, corresponding to a phase of enhanced slope instability.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature

    Snowmelt-triggered reactivation of a loess landslide in Yili, Xinjiang, China: mode and mechanism

    Xian, YuWei, XueliZhou, HaiboChen, Ningsheng...
    18页
    查看更多>>摘要：As the global climate warms, the frequency of soil slope failures induced by snowmelt is gradually increasing, especially loess landslide disasters in seasonally frozen areas. Landslide disasters in seasonally frozen areas pose a serious threat to human lives and engineering constructions and are gradually drawing greater public attention around the world. However, the mechanism that regulates deformation and failure processes, resulting in snowmelt-driven landslides, remains elusive. The Yili River Valley in Xinjiang, China, is an ideal location for exploring the mechanism of snowmelt-driven landslides. Based on detailed field surveys, remote sensing image identification, meteorological data analysis and loess characteristic tests, this paper takes a representative high-level loess landslide in north-west China as a case in order to explore its evolution history, movement process and resurrection mechanism. It was found that this loess slope had suffered two large-scale sliding failures and different degrees of inherited slope deformation had been found between the two slope failures. The 32 surface cracks identified have a total length of 3,505.10 m, and the total area of the landslide was found to be 135,462m(2). The average thickness of the sliding body was about 30 m, and the volume was approximately 504,000 m(3). The actual movement time lasted for 32 s with an average moving speed of about 15 m/s. Human grazing activities dominate the formation and development of slope surface cracks in the early stage. The strong water sensitivity of distinctive loess controls soil strength deterioration in the slip zone. Rapid snow removal and infiltration, driven by an abnormal temperature rise in Spring, is the most important triggering factor for slope deformation, evolution and failure. As regional grazing activities increase and global warming intensifies, the potential for resurrection landslides will increase. The results provide essential information for a comprehensive understanding of early warning systems and risk assessment for snowmelt-triggered landslides in cold areas.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature

    Stability analysis of laterally confined slope lying on inclined bedding plane

    Pipatpongsa, ThirapongFang, KunLeelasukseree, CheowchanChaiwan, Apipat...
    19页
    查看更多>>摘要：A stability analysis of a laterally confined slope model, lying on an inclined bedding plane, was presented to evaluate the lateral shear resistance by considering the loading paths and failure envelopes. Two slope models were prepared on a bedding plane by compaction, one with and one without lateral confinement. The compacted models are related to the geological conditions at shallow depths where brittle deformation can occur and an excavation can induce horizontal field stress that significantly influences the stability of the slope. Three distinct loading paths, controlled by either tilting the angles or increasing the surcharge loads, were applied to achieve the failure of the slope models. Rankine's passive earth pressure due to compaction was reduced by the shear strength reduction ratio. The shear strength reduction ratio was estimated through the least-squares fitting method based on the results of model tests at failure when the loading paths intersected the failure envelope. Provided that the effect of lateral confinement in a rock mass can be described by the shear strength reduction ratio, the proposed equations will be beneficial for slope stability analyses of laterally confined slopes on bedding planes. A case study of an undercut pit wall in an open-pit mine was demonstrated by showing that the unknown shear strength reduction ratio can be back-analyzed from the rainfall-induced landslide case. Therefore, the design of other undercut slopes with different geometries and groundwater conditions in the rock mass, which have undergone the same geological process as the back-analyzed case, is possible.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature

    Debris flow overflowing flexible barrier: physical process and drag load characteristics

    Wang, LingpingSong, DongriZhou, Gordon G. D.Chen, Xiao Qing...
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：The multiple-barrier mitigation strategy in the debris-flow source area is an effective approach to inhibit debris-flow entrainment and scale amplification along the flow path. However, less is known as debris flow overflows a filled barrier and cascades downstream. The present study investigates the physical processes and load characteristics of debris-flow overflowing a model flexible barrier, using a well-instrumented medium-scale flume. Volumetric solid concentration is varied ranging from 0.4 to 0.6 so that the control factors (e.g., state of liquefaction and turbulent drag) in the overflow process can be identified. The results demonstrate that effective stress is not observed in the incoming debris flows for solid concentration up to 0.6, denoting a contribution of turbulent drag to the overflow drag. The formed hydraulic jump substantially elevates the overflow depth above the flexible barrier, which has not been considered in the current design guideline. Decomposition of the total overflow load reveals that the increase in total load is actually dominated by the static load due to the elevated flow depth, rather than the turbulent drag. Downward momentum transfer to the lower section of barrier is observed and re-liquefaction of the deposited debris is a prerequisite for the downward momentum transfer. Different from the high solid-concentration cases, the deposit of low solid concentration (0.4) behind the barrier is partially drained with nontrivial effective stress, which further hinders the downward momentum transfer to the base of the barrier. The findings of present study indicate that the debris-flow properties are the key control factors for the complicated debris-barrier interaction.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature

    The initial impoundment of the Baihetan reservoir region (China) exacerbated the deformation of the Wangjiashan landslide: characteristics and mechanism

    Feng, WenkaiWu, MingtangYe, ZhipingFang, Yunfeng...
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：Reservoir landslides greatly threaten reservoir safety. Understanding the deformation characteristics and mechanism of reservoir landslides can help evaluate their stability and prevent secondary disasters. A detailed analysis of the deformation characteristics and landslide reactivation mechanism of the Wangjiashan (WJS) ancient landslide during the initial impoundment of the Baihetan Reservoir region was performed using comprehensive in situ monitoring and drilling data. The WJS landslide slowly deformed before impoundment. Reservoir impoundment was the main factor driving the intensifying deformation of the WJS landslide. The rise in reservoir water resulted in bank collapse at the landslide toe. After the reservoir water flooded the sliding zone of the landslide toe, creep deformation occurred along the deep sliding zone, which developed into overall sliding on July 7. The further rise in the reservoir water level has led to the rapid sliding of the landslide. The WJS landslide is a buoyancy weight-reducing landslide. When the reservoir water rises to a high level, the buoyancy force of the reservoir water acts on the resisting section, which reduces the resisting force and leads to the rapid sliding of the landslide. When the reservoir water level drops from the high level, the buoyancy acting on the resisting section decreases gradually, and the stability of the landslide can be restored. At present, the WJS landslide deformation rate gradually decreases with the reservoir water level, and the probability of large-scale landslides is low. However, WJS landslide monitoring needs to be strengthened to more closely study its deformation mechanism.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature

    The Wuxie debris flows triggered by a record-breaking rainstorm on 10 June 2021 in Zhuji City, Zhejiang Province, China

    Wang, FawuYan, KongmingNam, KounghoonZhu, Guolong...
    22页
    查看更多>>摘要：Deep into the night of 9 June 2021, a high-intensity and short-duration rainstorm, the largest rainfall ever recorded in Zhuji, struck the entire city. The abrupt rainfall triggered several debris flows, which killed four residents and closed a highly ranked national scenic area for over three months. The debris flows, triggered by record-breaking rainfall, occurred in a rhyolite porphyry area that was not recognised as an area prone to frequent debris flow. Thus, detailed field investigations were conducted on three debris flow gullies. It was demonstrated that an extreme rainfall event, complex topographic profiles and abundant diluvium in the gullies were the main contributing factors in the disastrous damage. In particular, steep eluvial slopes with a high gradient of over 30 degrees failed under heavy rainfall, which was one of the major factors in the initiation of debris flows. In addition, geometric properties, such as the curved travelling path, natural cliff and cross-sectional shape of the gullies, interacted significantly with the deep and lateral erosions of diluvium in the gullies, which promoted mass enlargement and the long-runout movement of the debris flows. Furthermore, reasonable countermeasures made some contribution to the reduction and mitigation of this kind of geo-disasters.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature

    Investigation of the 2019 Wenchuan County debris flow disaster suggests nonuniform spatial and temporal post-seismic debris flow evolution patterns

    Zhang, XianzhengTang, ChenxiaoLi, NingXiong, Jiang...
    22页
    查看更多>>摘要：It is widely recognized that post-seismic mass movements amplify and decay. Previous studies have found that most post-seismic mass movement is concentrated in the first few years following an earthquake. A major debris flow occurred in Wenchuan County in 2019, 11 years after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, showing that there might be a different temporal evolution pattern. In Wenchuan Country, the area struck by the 2019 disaster was investigated to explore whether a pattern existed. Remote sensing and field surveys investigate the initiation processes, sediment supply, and triggering rainfall. The result shows that most of the active landslides occurred in high-elevation areas where vegetation cover was lacking, and nearly half of them were reactivated landslides. The debris flows were mainly initiated by run-off erosion of debris in steep channels, and more than half of the sediment supply was from deposition along the channels in some catchments. The spatial and temporal evolution of debris flows was analyzed by combining our investigation results with historical events. More debris flows occurred in the northern part of the study area, where the relative annual rainfall and coseismic landslide density were low. The average values of debris-active catchments' size and relief are increasing, while the average values of their coseismic landslide density and the annual rainfall received were decreasing from 2008 to 2019. Larger catchments receiving less annual rainfall tend to have a more prolonged and enhanced mass movement.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature

    Spatial-temporal distribution and failure mechanism of group-occurring landslides in Mibei village, Longchuan County, Guangdong, China

    Feng, WenkaiBai, HuilinLan, BingWu, Yiying...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：From June to to 13, 2019, continuous heavy rainfall occurred in Longchuan County, Guangdong Province, yielding a cumulative rainfall of nearly 270 mm. The heavy rainfall triggered a large number of landslide disasters and formed three hardest-hit areas. In this paper, Mibei village, Beiling town, Longchuan County, is chosen as the research object; detailed field investigation data, satellite remote sensing images, rainfall monitoring data, and artificial rainfall physical model test results are integrated; the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of rainfall-induced group-occurring landslides in the study area are obtained; and the rainfall instability mechanism of granite residual soil slopes is explained. Under the influence of continuous heavy rainfall from June to to 13, 2019, 327 landslides developed in Mibei village, Beiling town, and these landslides were mainly distributed in low mountainous areas, of which the sections at elevations from 300 similar to 400 m and slopes ranging from 35 similar to 45 degrees were the most susceptible to landslide disasters. Continuous rainfall on June to and 11 was the controlling factor leading to these large number of landslides, with numerous landslides occurring from 20:00 on June n to 04:00 on June 13. These group-occurring landslides exhibited the characteristics of a considerable rainfall lag. The deformation and failure characteristics of the numerous observed landslides within the study area were highly similar, mainly involving traction sliding failure, and the sliding mass thickness ranged mostly from 1.5 similar to 3 m. The flow pattern characteristics of unconsolidated deposits after landslide instability were significant. According to the deformation and failure characteristics of landslides and the rainfall infiltration pattern, the development of landslides was divided into stages in this paper. Due to the difference between the rainfall intensity and permeability of granite residual soil, the main influence depth of heavy rainfall was limited to the superficial zone of slopes, which is the main reason why the shallow surface zone was damaged by landslides. Under the action of continuous heavy rainfall, a saturated seepage field was established in the shallow surface zone of slopes. Driven by gravitational potential energy, this led to an uneven distribution of the slope saturation zone. Attenuation of the mechanical strength of saturated soil reduced the slope stability, and sliding failure consequently occurred in the shallow surface saturation zone. In regard to excavated slopes, anti-sliding force reduction and free face formation enhanced the slope's susceptibility to sliding failure under the influence of heavy rainfall, which is also the reason for the large-scale distribution of landslides along the X158 county road.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature

    A geometry-modelling method to estimate landslide volume from source area

    Leong, Eng-ChoonCheng, Zhuoyuan
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：Knowledge of landslide volume is important to understand the extent of damages and evaluating methods of remediation. However, the volume of landslide is difficult to quantify due to its scale and challenges encountered in conventional surveying. Various studies using satellite and aerial images have been conducted to empirically relate volume (i.e., displaced mass) of a landslide to its area through a power-law. However, there are many existing empirical relationships, and the volume estimate may differ substantially. In this study, firstly it is demonstrated that the empirical area-volume power-law relationships could be rationalized by a geometrical and mathematical basis. The empirical relationships in the literature are shown to be bounded by the volumes of "idealized" landslides where the slip surface is either spherical or elliptical. Secondly, a geometry-modelling method is proposed to estimate the volume of a landslide from satellite and aerial images without the need for digital elevation models. Using this method, landslide volume can be expediently estimated, and it yields better accuracy than empirical area-volume power-law relationships.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature