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Quaternary Research
Academic Press Inc.
Quaternary Research

Academic Press Inc.

0033-5894

Quaternary Research/Journal Quaternary ResearchSCIAHCIISTP
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    Reconstructing postglacial hydrologic and environmental change in the eastern Kenai Peninsula lowlands using proxy data and mass balance modeling

    Broadman EllieKaufman Darrell S.Anderson R. ScottBogle Sonya...
    26页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Despite extensive paleoenvironmental research on the postglacial history of the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, uncertainties remain regarding the region's deglaciation, vegetation development, and past hydroclimate. To elucidate this complex environmental history, we present new proxy datasets from Hidden and Kelly lakes, located in the eastern Kenai lowlands at the foot of the Kenai Mountains, including sedimentological properties (magnetic susceptibility, organic matter, grain size, and biogenic silica), pollen and macrofossils, diatom assemblages, and diatom oxygen isotopes. We use a simple hydrologic and isotope mass balance model to constrain interpretations of the diatom oxygen isotope data. Results reveal that glacier ice retreated from Hidden Lake's headwaters by ca. 13.1 cal ka BP, and that groundwater was an important component of Kelly Lake's hydrologic budget in the Early Holocene. As the forest developed and the climate became wetter in the Middle to Late Holocene, Kelly Lake reached or exceeded its modern level. In the last ca. 75 years, rising temperature caused rapid changes in biogenic silica content and diatom oxygen isotope values. Our findings demonstrate the utility of mass balance modeling to constrain interpretations of paleolimnologic oxygen isotope data, and that groundwater can exert a strong influence on lake water isotopes, potentially confounding interpretations of regional climate.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Cambridge Univ Press

    Late Holocene centennial to millennial-scale variability in lower trophic level productivity off southern Hokkaido, Japan, and its response to dissolved iron-replete Coastal Oyashio dynamics

    Kuwae MichinobuFinney Bruce P.Tani YukinoriOnodera Jonaotaro...
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Little is known about the dynamics of marine food chains spanning primary to higher trophic levels on centennial and longer timescales, especially where the supply of dissolved iron limits primary productivity. To elucidate the long-term dynamics of biological productivity in the Coastal Oyashio (CO), which is a major pathway for transporting dissolved iron into the western North Pacific from winter to spring, we reconstructed the lower trophic level productivity over the last 3000 years in the CO. Our results demonstrate that the concentrations and mass accumulation rates of both Chl-a (chlorophyll a and its derivatives) and biogenic opal used as proxies of primary productivity, and steryl chlorin esters (SCEs) used as that of zooplankton productivity, show a millennial-scale increasing trend and centennial-scale variability beginning ca. AD 400. SCEs were positively correlated with Chl-a, indicating that changes in zooplankton productivity were induced by bottom-up control of primary productivity. The Chl-a and SCEs showed synchronous centennial-scale patterns with a relative abundance of sea-ice-associated diatom species transported by CO, and with a ventilation index in the Okhotsk Sea Intermediate Water. This synchronous pattern indicates that lower trophic-level productivity during the spring bloom responded to the intensity of iron-replete CO.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Cambridge Univ Press

    A drastic change in glacial dynamics at the beginning of the seventeenth century on Novaya Zemlya coincides in time with the strongest volcanic eruption in Peru and the Great Famine in Russia

    Solovi'eva GalinaLukmanov RuslanRusakov ValeriyKuz'mina Тat'yana...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract In this study, we reconstructed for the first time the recent 1000-yr-long history of Goluboi tidewater glacier at the eastern side of the Novaya Zemlya, Kara Sea, based on accelerator mass spectrometry 14C dating with higher-resolution age control on the basis of 210Pb and 137Cs radionuclides for the time period after AD 1885, using multiproxy analyses (lithology, mineralogy, and geochemistry) of proximal glaciomarine sediments from the Oga Fjord. Against the background of the active glacial dynamics and the intense meltwater runoff until the end of the sixteenth century, there was a sudden cooling at the beginning of the seventeenth century, which manifested itself in a significant decrease in the sedimentation rates. In time, this event coincides with the strongest volcanic eruption, AD 1600, in South America (in Peru) in the history of human settlement of the continent, which may have plunged the globe into cold climate chaos (Witze, 2008), and caused the Great Famine, AD 1601 to AD 1603, in Russia. The synchronicity of the described events may be an additional fact confirming the global impact of the eruption on the climate of our planet.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Cambridge Univ Press

    Numerical model of late Pleistocene and Holocene ice-sheet and shoreline dynamics in the southern Baltic Sea, Poland

    Frydel Jerzy Jan
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract This paper reveals deglaciation palaeodynamics (Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 2 [MIS 2]) in Poland and the southern Baltic Sea (SBS) development during marine transgression/regression phases (MIS 1) determined by a numerical modelling method. The introduced approach uses a high-level polynomial regression followed by the integral calculus of successive functions and an application of formulae. As a result, palaeogeographic relations from primary matrix transform instantly into palaeodynamics within a nested matrix. Accordingly, within 9 ka of the late Pleistocene, glacial recession dynamics increased by two orders of magnitude, from ?8.5 m/yr between Leszno (L, 24 ka BP) and Poznań (Poz, 20–19 ka BP) phases, through several dozen (?37.2 m/yr, ?60.6 m/yr, ?90.7 m/yr) to the maximum average equalling ?427.3 m/yr (max. ?861.4 m/yr) between the Pomeranian (Pom, 17–16 ka BP) and the Gardno (G, 16.8–16.6 ka BP) phases. In turn, SBS coastline transgression and regression dynamics varied by three orders of magnitude. Since the Baltic Ice Lake (BIL, 10.5–10.3 ka BP) up to the Yoldia Sea (YS, 10–9.9 ka BP) regression was intense and equalled ?56.8 m/yr (max. ?128.7 m/yr), followed by marine transgression towards the Ancylus Lake (AL, 8.7–8.5 ka BP) at 21.43 m/yr through 9.30–2.20 m/yr during the Littorina Sea 1 and Littorina Sea 2 stages (LS1 and LS2, since 7.7 ka BP), eventually 0.51 m/yr in the last 6.05 ka. The 2 m sea-level rise scenario projections indicate approx. 3400 km2 of land and 684,000 inhabitants face flood risk around 2150–2240 CE, with marine transgression dynamics expected to range from 23.9–38.2 m/yr.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Cambridge Univ Press

    Interplay of Holocene surface faulting and climate in the Central Po Plain, Italy

    Zanchi AndreaRavazzi CesareCavallin AngeloDeaddis Massimiliano...
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Understanding the recent events marking the late Quaternary history of the Po Plain (N-Italy) is of overriding importance to decipher the record of depositional versus erosional phases, and their interplay with climatic, tectonic, and human forcing. We reconstructed the structural setting and chronostratigraphy of a Holocene succession crosscut by a thrust fault located south of Montodine (Cremona, Italy) within the Po Plain. The fault shows a maximum displacement up to one meter. Radiocarbon dating fixes a minimum age of 11.9 cal ka BP for the postglacial river entrenchment and constrains the fault movement age between 5.9 and 3.4 cal ka BP. Undeformed Late Medieval coarse gravels cover the faulted succession. Due to the outcrop position, lying above the buried frontal thrusts of the Southern Alps and North Apennines, we propose that faulting results from secondary surface effects induced by seismic shaking. We discuss two main mechanisms, both related to lateral spreading, that can result in the formation of reverse faults close to the surface. The Soncino area, recording one of the strongest historical earthquakes of the central Po Plain (1802), is considered as a possible source for seismic shaking. The results of this study are a contribution for the assessment of the potential seismic hazard in one of the most populated regions of Europe.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Cambridge Univ Press

    High-resolution insight into the Holocene environmental history of the Burullus Lagoon in northern Nile delta, Egypt

    Marks LeszekWelc FabianWoronko BarbaraKrzymińska Jarmilla...
    17页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract The modern Nile delta developed in the Middle and Late Holocene, and at its most northern-central point is situated at the Burullus Lagoon, which is environmentally diverse, including salt marshes, mudflats, and sand plains, and separated from a sea by a sand barrier overtopped with high sand dunes. The lagoon has been fed since the Middle Holocene by the Sebennitic branch of the Nile and marine intrusions through the Bughaz inlet. A sediment core (BO-1) was collected at the northeastern shore of the lagoon and sampled at centennial scale resolution in order to reconstruct the development of the lagoon. The results show that an initial and limited lagoon had developed at the end of the Early Holocene, but after a dry period ca. 7.2 cal ka BP it has been progressively transformed into a marshy area, with occasional inflows of sea water. Lower water level and higher salinity of the Burullus Lagoon at 6.0–5.5 and 4.8–4.2 cal ka BP reflected droughts in the Nile catchment. Thereafter, the river reactivated in the Burullus Lagoon area, and since 2.8 cal ka BP was accompanied by occasional inflows of sea water. Since ca. 0.8 cal ka BP, increased fluvial activity occurred in this part of the Nile delta, which terminated after construction of the Aswan dams in the twentieth century.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Cambridge Univ Press

    Variation of the winter mid-latitude Westerlies in the Northern Hemisphere during the Holocene revealed by aeolian deposits in the southern Tibetan Plateau

    Gao FuyuanYang JunhuaiWang ShuyuanWang Youjun...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract The mid-latitude Westerlies (MLW) are one of the most important atmospheric circulation systems in the Northern Hemisphere, exerting a huge influence on the climate of the region downwind, and thus on vegetation, water resources, and human wellbeing. However, the seasonal variation of the MLW during the Holocene is not yet been fully understood, especially when its contribution is the most important. Here, we used end-member (EM) modeling analysis of the grain-size distributions of a high-altitude aeolian sedimentary sequence (4452 m a.s.l.) from the Yarlung Zangbo River valley in the southern Tibetan Plateau to reveal variations in the winter MLW during the Holocene. Analysis of seasonal differences in modern atmospheric circulation suggests that the southern Tibetan Plateau was heavily influenced by the mid-latitude Westerlies at the 400, 500, and 600 hPa levels in winter, while it was seldom influenced at these levels in summer. Four grain-size end-members are identified, representing distinct aerodynamic environments, of which EM1 (modal grain size 8.1 μm) can be used as a proxy of the winter MLW. A reconstruction of the variation of the winter MLW during the Holocene based on EM1 revealed that a weaker winter MLW occurred during the Early to Middle Holocene, and a stronger winter MLW during the Middle to Late Holocene. Overall, we suggest that this change in the winter MLW was closely related to the insolation/temperature/pressure gradient between low and high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Cambridge Univ Press

    Late Pleistocene and Holocene aeolian activity in the Deliblato Sands, Serbia

    Sipos Gy?rgyMarkovi? Slobodan B.Gavrilov Milivoj B.Balla Alexia...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract The Deliblato Sands is among the largest uniform dune fields of Europe, with a very pronounced topography reflecting extensive past aeolian events. Although lacking numerical age data, previous researchers have hypothesized various periods of dune formation. Our research goals were to map the main morphological units of the Deliblato Sands, and to provide the first optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages for the major dune types. Mapping was carried out using digital elevation models, satellite images, and GPS profiles. Dune development was investigated using OSL. Several tests were performed concerning thermal treatment, signal characteristics, dose recovery, and dose distributions to assess the suitability of sediments for luminescence dating. Based on our results, two dune generations could be identified that differed in morphology and age. Older dune forms are primarily low sand-supply, hairpin-like parabolic dunes that developed from the last glacial maximum until the end of the early Holocene, then became stabilized. Younger, superimposed parabolic dunes record an intensive aeolian signal from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The history of the Deliblato Sands fits with those from other European sand dune areas, and provides further details to understand paleoenvironmental changes in the region.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Cambridge Univ Press

    Low-altitude periglacial activity in southeastern Australia during the late Pleistocene

    Barrows Timothy T.Mills Stephanie C.Fitzsimmons KathrynWasson Robert...
    22页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Only a small area of the Australian mainland was glaciated during the Pleistocene, whereas periglacial deposits are far more common, indicating that cold environments were extensive and a major influence on landscape evolution. Here we identify representative low-elevation examples of scree slopes and frost action, together with fans and valley fills, indicating pronounced erosion cycles during the Pleistocene. To date the deposits, we explore approaches using radiocarbon, optically stimulated luminescence, and profile dating using the cosmogenic nuclide 10Be. The radiocarbon and optical ages show that screes, alluvial valley fill, and fans were deposited between 66–13 ka during the coldest part of the last glacial cycle, and within the previous glacial cycle. Exposure dating indicates further landscape erosion cycles back to the mid Pleistocene. Together, the deposits indicate the frost cracking limit was ~1300 m lower at 680 ± 10 m and mean winter temperature was 8.2 ± 0.5°C colder than present. Periglacial conditions probably affected much of southeastern Australia. The treeless and dry conditions resulted in widespread erosion and increased run off. Combined with increased snow storage within catchments, rivers were paradoxically larger, with high seasonal discharge and sediment loads.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Cambridge Univ Press

    Comparison of temperature and humidity during MIS 11 and MIS 5e interglacials with the Holocene using stable isotopes in tufa deposits from northern France

    Dabkowski JulieLimondin-Lozouet Nicole
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Many recent palaeoclimatic studies have focused on Pleistocene interglacials, especially Marine Isotopic Stages (MIS) 5e and 11, as analogs to our modern interglacial (MIS 1). In continental area, archives allowing comparison between interglacials remain scarce. Calcareous tufa deposits, as they are characteristic of these periods and can provide long, almost continuous, palaeoclimatic records through their isotopic content, appear highly suitable for such investigation. In this paper, δ18O and δ13C values from the three well-dated tufas of Saint-Germain-le-Vasson, Caours, and La Celle are combined to compare temperature and moisture conditions prevailing during MIS 1, 5e, and 11, in the Paris Basin. Both Pleistocene interglacials, and especially their optima, appear stronger than the Holocene: MIS 11 was wetter and warmer than both the Holocene and MIS 5e, which itself experienced wetter conditions than the Holocene. These observations are consistent with palaeontological data from the studied sites, especially malacological assemblages, which record, as at other European tufa sites, a relative depletion of molluscan diversity during the Holocene compared with the Pleistocene (MIS 5 and 11) interglacials.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Cambridge Univ Press