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Ecological engineering
Elsevier Science B.V.
Ecological engineering

Elsevier Science B.V.

0925-8574

Ecological engineering/Journal Ecological engineeringSCIISTPEI
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    Comparative study of methane emission in the reclamation-restored wetlands and natural marshes in the Hangzhou Bay coastal wetland

    Xiong, JingSheng, XuancaiWang, MengWu, Ming...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Wetlands play a crucial role in reducing global warming potential in response to global climate change. Largescale reclamation and artificial restoration of coastal wetlands significantly affect the greenhouse gas methane emissions of coastal ecosystems. To comprehensively understand the difference in methane emissions between natural and reclamation-restored wetlands, the natural bare mudflat (BM - bare mudflat) in Hangzhou Bay, three types of natural vegetation wetlands (SM - Scirpus mariqueter, PA - Phragmites australis, and SA - Spartina alterniflora), and four types of reclamation-restored P. australis wetlands with different water levels (RW0 - Water level at 0 cm; RW10 - Water level at 10 cm; RW20 - Water level at 20 cm; RW30 - Water level at 30 cm) were selected to analyze the relationship between methane emissions and environmental factors through field observations and laboratory experiments. The results showed that the methane emission flux and methane production potential (MPP) of reclamation-restored wetlands were notably higher than those of natural wetlands, and the monthly dynamics in the different types of wetlands were consistent with temperature. The methane emission flux increased rapidly from April to July (summer), and reached a monotonic peak in July. Among the natural wetlands, the methane emission flux and MPP of SA were significantly higher, which was mainly driven by the soil organic carbon (SOC). In the reclamation-restored wetlands, the methane emission fluxes did not significantly differ between RW10, RW20, and RW30, but were remarkably higher than those of RW0 and natural wetlands, which was mainly driven by the water level and salinity. The differences in the MPP of the different soil layers were mainly affected by the SOC and water levels. Especially in the 0-5 cm surface soil layer of the reclamation-restored wetlands, the MPP was significantly higher, which was mainly driven by the SOC. Therefore, during the later stages of artificial reclamation-restored wetlands, appropriate water level and salinity management and other effective engineering measures should be explored to manage methane emissions during wetland restoration.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Herbivore exclusion and active planting stimulate reed marsh development on a newly constructed archipelago

    Temmink, Ralph J. M.van den Akker, Marloesvan Leeuwen, Casper H. A.Thole, Yvonne...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Wetlands provide vital services on which human societies depend. As they have been rapidly degrading due to anthropogenic impacts worldwide, wetland restoration is increasingly applied. When a return to the original state of a wetland is constrained, forward-looking restoration can provide a new way to enhance an ecosystem's ecological integrity. However, the direction in which new ecosystems will develop is strongly coupled to the initial environmental conditions and may benefit from active decisions on (future) management. To improve the natural values of a degrading freshwater lake in the Netherlands, a forward-looking restoration project was initiated in lake Markermeer in 2016, involving the construction of a 700-ha archipelago called the "Marker Wadden". This archipelago should provide new habitat to higher trophic levels in the lake's food web through the development of currently missing Common reed (Phragmites australis) dominated marshlands with gradual land-water transitions. However, the restoration project faces strong grazing pressure by Greylag geese (Anser anser) that possibly inhibit reed establishment. Here, we aimed to unravel the effect of herbivory by Greylag geese (using exclosures) and the introduction of reed rhizomes on early vegetation development and carbon dynamics on the bare soils of this new ecosystem in a manipulative field experiment. Our results showed that excluding herbivores strongly increased reed-vegetation cover, density and maximum height, but only when reed rhizomes were actively introduced. Spontaneous vegetation development on bare soils was limited, and colonization by Broadleaf cattail (Typha latifolia) dominated over reed. Net ecosystem exchange of carbon and ecosystem respiration were strongly linked to vegetation development, with highest methane emissions in the most densely vegetated plots. We conclude that the establishment of reed marshes can strongly benefit from excluding herbivores and the introduction of reed, and that otherwise other vegetation types may establish more slowly in newly created wetlands. This illustrates how active management of vegetation development has the potential to benefit novel ecosystems.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    One green roof type, one Technosol, one ecological community

    Joimel, SophieGrard, BaptisteChenu, ClaireCheval, Penelope...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Green infrastructures play a key role in the functionality and resilience of urban ecosystems. The physical, including thickness, chemical and biological properties of the Technosols of green infrastructures on rooftops are highly variable, leading to more or less favourable conditions for soil biodiversity. The aim of this study was to investigate the abundance and diversity of bacteria, fungi, nematodes, collembola and plants communities in relation with abiotic parameters of Technosols on 12 productive and extensive green roofs of the Paris region (France). Results showed that green roofs harboured a high level of abundance and diversity from microorganisms to micro and mesofauna. Microbial biomass ranged between 16.3 and 419.8 mu g DNA g-1, with a predominance of bacteria, nematodes represented 820-60,700 individuals per kg of soil and between 1000 and 60,700 collembolan were present per m2 of soil. A total of 13,986 bacterial OTU (Operational Taxonomic Unit), 33,559 fungal OTU, 47 Collembola species, 28 nematodes families, 16 cultivated plant species and 48 spontaneous plant species was identified on all the green roofs studied. Microbial, animals and plants communities were significantly different between the two types of green roofs. Productive and extensive rooftops represent contrasted habitats, which can strongly influence the soil biota. Any voluntary action to enhance soil biodiversity in cities would need to take-into-account both soil properties and the landscape around.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Potential of indigenous plant species for phytoremediation of arsenic contaminated water and soil

    Singh, ShraddhaKarwadiya, JayantSrivastava, SudhakarPatra, Prasanta Kumar...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：The presence of arsenic (As) and heavy metals in soil and water resources has serious impact on ecosystem as well as human health. In India, West Bengal (W.B.) is severely contaminated by higher levels of As in water, soil and growing plants/crops. The present study was designed to examine the remediation ability of indigenous plant species, growing naturally in the As contaminated Dakshin Panchpota village of Nadia district (W.B.). Soil and water samples, collected from the site, showed higher levels of arsenic and heavy metals. For the study, total twenty eight plants (eighteen terrestrial, ten aquatic) were collected from the contaminated area and among them ten terrestrial and seven aquatic plants showed bioaccumulation factor (BCF) > 1, suggesting their role in As remediation and site restoration. Althernanthera ficoides demonstrated highest accumulation as well as translocation of As (TF > 1) among all the terrestrial plants tested, showing its suitability for remediation of As contaminated soil. More As was recorded in shoots than the roots in Phyllanthus amarus and Cyanodon dactylon, showing their feasibility for phytoextraction purpose. Among aquatic plants, Eicchornia crassipes and Marsilea quadrifolia were found most effective for As remediation. Besides As, plants have also shown potential to tolerate and accumulate Fe, Zn, Cu and Cr in their tissues. Thus, the results of this study showed that the naturally growing plant species have potential to remediate As contaminated site in the presence of elevated concentrations of heavy metals and can play an important role in ecological restoration, however, care should be taken owing to medicinal properties possessed by some of the accumulators.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of plants and biochar on the performance of treatment wetlands for removal of the pesticide chlorantraniliprole from agricultural runoff

    Abas, KhalilBrisson, JacquesAmyot, MarcBrodeur, Jacques...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Chlorantraniliprole (CAP), an emergent insecticide commonly replacing banned neonicotinoids, is used worldwide despite the risk of contaminating water bodies. Treatment wetlands (TWs) have shown great potential for mitigating various pesticides in agricultural runoff, but little is known about CAP removal. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of adding biochar to subsurface flow treatment wetlands (SSF TWs) and the performance of three macrophyte species (Phragmites australis subsp. americanus, Scirpus cyperinus and Sporobolus michauxianus) in CAP removal. Removal efficiency was monitored over a one-month period in water-saturated SSF mesocosms fed with synthetic agricultural runoff containing CAP. To reflect temporal changes in agricultural runoff dynamics, two CAP concentrations were used in influent: a peak concentration (4 mu g/L) for the first week and a trace concentration (0.4 mu g/L) for the three subsequent weeks. Results showed that mesocosms with biochar were very effective in removing CAP mass (90 to 99%) and remained so throughout the experimental period. On the other hand, the level of CAP removal achieved in planted mesocosms without biochar was low (less than 13%). Evapotranspiration contributed significantly to volume reduction, but no general pattern in CAP mass removal efficiency was detected among the planted treatments without biochar. However, planted treatments acted as buffer zones, accumulating CAP and reducing its peak mass in effluent. Evapotranspiration rates of Scirpus and Phragmites were higher than that of Sporobolus, resulting in a greater buffering effect. This study suggests that addition of biochar to SSF TW substrate is a promising approach for CAP mitigation in agricultural runoff, but long-term efficiency remains to be assessed.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Towards quantitative evidence of Eco-DRR in mountains: A concise review

    Dorren, LuukMoos, Christine
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：Worldwide, gravitational natural hazards pose risks to residential areas and infrastructures in mountainous, but also in other relief-rich areas. To protect against those hazards, nature-based solutions, also called ecosystembased disaster risk reduction (DRR) measures, are increasingly used in addition to, or as replacement of, more classical engineered structures. Quantified evidence of the net benefit of specific protective functions of naturebased measures can likely facilitate financial and organisational resources required for ensuring the durability and implementation at scale of Eco-DRR measures. In this review, we summarise existing studies that demonstrate the efficacy and benefit of Eco-DRR measures against gravitational natural hazards and propose a framework for providing quantitative evidence of natural hazard risk reduction provided by Eco-DRR in mountains. A realistic valuation of the benefits of Eco-DRR measures in mountains is only possible if, firstly, their effects on the natural hazard processes are quantified with sufficient detail and finally expressed in monetary terms allowing for a cost-benefit analysis and, secondly, possible temporal variations and uncertainties regarding the state and development of the Eco- DRR measure are taken into account. The protection from natural hazards is a so-called regulation function provided by ecosystems and is a "non-market good" as its benefit cannot directly be converted into monetary terms. The valuation of the benefits of this function can be done with a replacement cost methods, a hedonic pricing method, a contingent valuation method or an avoided cost method. This review shortly explains these methods and provides examples of applications to Eco-DRR in mountains. Finally, we propose a framework based on a risk-based approach allowing for the translation of the physical, protective effect of a Eco-DRR measure on the natural hazard process into a reduction of the risk of fatalities as well as of property risks in terms of the avoided costs.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Increasing urban ecological resilience based on ecological security pattern: A case study in a resource-based city

    Yuan, YuanBai, ZhongkeZhang, JiananXu, Caicai...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：High-intensity mineral resource exploitation has resulted in numerous ecological problems that seriously threaten the sustainability of resource-based cities. Resilience is considered as the key to maintaining regional sustainability. Therefore, this study established an index framework that affected the resilience of resource-based cities. We selected Changzhi in China as the study area and determined its current distribution of resilience. The ecological security pattern (ESP) can guide regional sustainability by effectively coordinating economic development and ecosystem protection, and play an important role in improving resilience. This study identified ecological sources through ecosystem services and applied circuit theory to extract ecological corridors. Combining the ESP with resilience, this study evaluated the resilience of ESP by constructing an index system of two scales of ESP elements (ecological sources, ecological corridors, and ecological nodes) and grid units; and the raster overlay operation of the results of the two scales was divided into five levels. Then, we proposed the corresponding recommendation for optimization. In general, this study provides a method to improve the spatial resilience that of high importance for regional development planning, ecological protection, and reasonable regulation of mining activities.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    An adaptive surrogate-based, multi-pollutant, and multi-objective optimization for river-reservoir system management

    Afshar, AbbasYosefipoor, ParisaSaadatpour, MotaharehSolis, Samuel Sandoval...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Integrated management of quality and quantity of river-reservoir water can provide comprehensive information to manage river-reservoir water resources. However, high computational bottlenecks have prevented such management from being applicable in real-world systems. Accordingly, in the present study, we proposed a multi-objective optimization algorithm based on modular support vector regression (SVR) in which several small sub-SVR modules trained through an efficient adaptive procedure cooperate to solve a large-scale problem related to integrated management of quality and quantity of river-reservoir. The performance of the proposed approach was evaluated through an adaptive surrogate-based simulation-optimization (ASBSO) framework under reservoir selective withdrawal scheme (SWS) in Ilam integrated River-Reservoir. The ASBSO framework provided a set of non-dominated optimal solutions to alleviate Ilam River water quality standard violations, enhance Ilam Reservoir outflow water quality, and maximize the downstream water supply satisfaction. The analysis of the Pareto-front indicated that the implementation of MPWLA (multi-pollutant waste load allocation) programs at any level could alleviate the water quality problems in Ilam Reservoir. Furthermore, the reservoir water storage in the regular patterns to meet downstream water demands have resulted in water quality deteriorations in Ilam Reservoir. The results obtained from examining the proposed approach, showed that integrated river-reservoir system management improved water quality in the range from 7 to 28% at the checkpoints of the Gol-Gol Branch of Ilam River and in the range from 5 to 21% at Ilam Reservoir outflow.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Forest fire action on vegetation from the perspective of trend analysis in future climate change scenarios for a Brazilian savanna region

    Miranda, Jonathan da Rochada Silva, Rosane GomesJuvanhol, Ronie Silva
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Cerrado region has adapted to fires because of its climate and vegetation conditions, but with increasing frequency, regional fires will begin to degrade the biome. Therefore, research is necessary to determine whether the occurrence of fires is beneficial or degrading to the environment, and if the fire origin is natural or anthropic. The objective of this study was to evaluate the vulnerability of vegetation to different scenarios of future climate change. The study area was the Ecological Station of Urucui-Una, located in the south of Piaui. The methodology consisted in identifying burnt areas in terms of their recurrence; evaluating the correlation between burnt areas and precipitation and temperature; analyzing burnt areas and the Mann Kendall trend for vegetation for the period 2001 to 2018. Based on the current vegetation conditions, the vegetation and land use were estimated for the year 2100 through the Markov chain and the vulnerable areas were estimated observing different scenarios of climate change of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Fase 6 (CMIP6). The results indicated that fires with frequencies above 5 in the interval of 18 years have a negative Pearson correlation and the Mann-Kendall analysis, which implies a state of vegetation degradation. Regarding the future climate scenarios, savanna sites with temperatures above 38 degrees C, a vegetation index below 0.4, and monthly precipitation less than 90 mm were those with the highest level of vulnerability. Vulnerability mapping can help to improve public policies for fire management for the sustainable development of this region.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Assessment of the contribution of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) to urban resilience: application to the case study of Porto

    Beceiro, PaulaBrito, Rita SalgadoGalvao, Ana
    17页
    查看更多>>摘要：Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) provide a systemic approach to promote the maintenance, enhancement, and restoration of biodiversity and ecosystem services (ES) in urban areas, helping to enhance urban resilience in the water sector. Within the sustainable development goals proposed by UNHABITAT, resilience in cities was established as a critical issue. The assessment of the NBS contribution to urban resilience and the development of tools to determine the long-term value of these solutions comprise a most needed step forward. A comprehensive Resilience Assessment Framework to assess the NBS contribution to urban resilience (RAF), focused on NBS for stormwater management and control, was proposed and developed (Beceiro et al., 2020). This assessment framework aims to support the diagnosis, decision-making, implementation, planning, and management of the NBS and to identify the solutions with greater potential to contribute to city resilience drawbacks. This paper aims to demonstrate the purpose and relevance of the RAF, by presenting its application to a case study, highlighting both data demands (given different complexity requirements for metric's determination) and specific considerations regarding the level of assessment (either to the overall city area or to specific NBS). The application to the case study allows assessing the contribution to urban resilience of the main NBS in the urban area of Porto and, specifically, the contribution of an infiltration basin, which will be implemented in the Asprela catchment. Main resilience shortcomings in the city that may be upgraded by NBS are also identified, as recommendations for future urban planning in Porto. This application also intends to deliver a thorough example for other cities aiming to assess NBS contribution to urban resilience using the proposed RAF. At the city level, the main opportunities to improve the NBS contribution identified corresponded to the Governance and stakeholders' involvement, Environmental resilience and Resilience engaged service. On the other hand, the Social involvement and co-benefits and the Service management (obj.6) are identified as consolidated aspects across the urban area. At the NBS level, it was possible to conclude that the infiltration basin, considering the design characteristics, will enhance significantly the contribution to urban resilience in the Asprela catchment, based on the results for the model based metrics and the defined scenarios. Furthermore, it was possible to conclude that the NBS will operate in overall good hydraulic condition, even for the most severe rainfall conditions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier