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Ecological engineering
Elsevier Science B.V.
Ecological engineering

Elsevier Science B.V.

0925-8574

Ecological engineering/Journal Ecological engineeringSCIISTPEI
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    Attracting juvenile fish into Tube Fishways – roles of transfer chamber diameter and flow velocity

    Farzadkhoo M.Peirson W.Felder S.Kingsford R.T....
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Freshwater fish populations around the world are in decline, with barriers impeding essential migrations for many species. To restore fish passage, the novel Tube Fishway attracts fish into a cylindrical transfer chamber, then lifts them at near-atmospheric pressure via a surge of water. We investigated fish attraction into transfer chambers of different diameters, with varying attraction flow velocities, to identify the scalability of the system as well as the optimum attraction conditions. Three transfer chambers, with diameters of 0.1, 0.225, and 0.4 m, were tested under attraction velocity conditions between 0 and 0.5 m/s. Repeated experiments were conducted with juveniles of two native Australian species, silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) and Australian bass (Percalates novemaculeata) for each configuration of diameter and flow. Fish were acclimated to the equipment, then their entry into the transfer chamber was monitored and recorded with video cameras. About twice as many silver perch as Australian bass were attracted into the transfer chamber, but follow-up experiments with smaller bass showed improved attraction (by up to 40%). Streamlining the entry design improved attraction for silver perch by up to 60%. Both species varied in their performance, with optimum attraction at a velocity of 0.15 m/s and transfer chamber diameter of 0.225 m. For this combination, fish attraction behaviour showed a “Search Phase” and “Occupation Phase”. Visual observations showed fish's preference for entering the transfer chamber near the bottom. There is considerable opportunity to build on these findings with other species and sizes to optimize fish attraction into Tube Fishways.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Agriculture ecosystem models for CO2 sequestration, improving soil physicochemical properties, and restoring degraded land

    Meena R.S.Yadav A.Kumar S.Jhariya M.K....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Plans outlined in the conference of parties (COP) 26 included the restoration of degraded lands as one of the targets for achieving long-term food sustainability under climate change. The experiment aimed to assess carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration and improvement in soil physicochemical properties of agriculture ecosystem models. The results of the experiment shows that the bulk density (ρb) and particle density (ρd) were significantly influenced at both depths 0–10 and 10–20 cm in developed ecosystems. The lowest (1.36 g cc?1) and highest (1.57 g cc?1) values of ρb were recorded at the depth of 0–10 cm in forest land (FL) and mono-cropping rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation land (MCRCL), respectively. The minimum values (kg ha?1) of N (161.27), P (14.87), and K (152.07) were recorded at the depth of 0–10 cm in mono-cropping wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivated land (MCWCL), guava (Psidium guajava) + green gram (Vigna radiata) cultivation land (GGCL), and MCRCL, respectively. Moreover, the maximum N (207.60 kg ha?1) and P (19.27 kg ha?1) were recorded at the depth of 0–10 in FL system, and K (204.60 kg ha?1) in Karonda (Carissa carandas) cultivation land (KCL). The minimum soil N (158.93 kg ha?1) was recorded in pasture land (PL), while P (13.37 kg ha?1) and K (146.0 kg ha?1) was found in MCRCL system at the depth of 10–20 cm. While the highest soil organic carbon (SOC) stock was recorded in FL (18.40 Mg ha?1) and least in MCWCL system (6.57 Mg ha?1). The highest to the lowest value of CO2 sequestration (Mg ha?1) was found in the FL system (115.06) followed by KCL (41.11), GGCL (38.93), MCWCL (22.10), MCRCL (17.65), PL (9.40), and seasonal pond area (SPA 0.87). Likewise, the highest to lowest value of total C credit (US$) was found in FL (342.03) after that KCL (122.2), GGCL (115.71), MCWCL (65.7), MCRCL (52.45), PL (27.94), and SPA (2.6), respectively. With the creation of agricultural ecosystem models on degraded land, this work gives a roadmap for repairing degraded land, enhance the terrestrial CO2 sequestration, C-credit, and boosting ecological services, which may contribute to attaining long-term food sustainability.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Low productivity substrate leads to functional diversification of green roof plant assemblage

    Vannucchi F.Scatena M.Bretzel F.Buoncristiano A....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Green roofs are roof free spaces where living organisms can find an appropriate habitat to colonise. The establishment of plant species with different functionality can enhance biodiversity and provide ecosystem services. However, drought and nutrient availability can affect the plant development. The extensive green roof was set up in Pisa (Italy) in 2014, 12 modules of 10 cm depth were filled with three substrates composed of compost from municipal mixed waste, pelletised paper sludge, and commercial tephra product (Vulcaflor), as follows: Vulcaflor + compost, Vulcaflor + pellet + compost, and Vulcaflor + pellet, characterised by decreasing level of nitrogen content. The species planted in 2014 were chosen from the herbaceous spontaneous vegetation of urban and rural swards not often mowed, plus two sedum species. After the establishment phase, the green roof community was progressively dominated by Sedum species and other species were seeded in 2016. In 2018–19 the plant functional types and the community structure were monitored. Besides seasonal fluctuations, nitrogen shaped the composition of the community, and Sedum species showed high cover values in nitrogen-richer substrates. Annual forbs colonised the plots with a lower nitrogen content. In summer, the number of species drastically fell, and Sedum album was dominant in the three substrates. Seedling recruitment regenerated the community in the cooler season, increasing the diversity in the poor substrate. The scarcity of nitrogen led to the development of stress-tolerator annuals increasing the biodiversity in the rainy-cool season. Annual species constitute a transient seed bank which enables the system to regenerate when rain follows periods of heat and drought.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier