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Ecological engineering
Elsevier Science B.V.
Ecological engineering

Elsevier Science B.V.

0925-8574

Ecological engineering/Journal Ecological engineeringSCIISTPEI
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    Taxonomic and functional diversity of bird communities in mining areas undergoing passive and active restoration in eastern Amazon

    Fernanda de Carvalho BarrosSara Miranda AlmeidaBruno Spacek Godoy
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：The advance of land-use change processes in the Amazon rainforest has modified its natural landscape, resulting in losses of biodiversity and ecological functions. Under this scenario, some reforestation methods have been proposed and tested in degraded areas aiming to reverse environmental damage. We assess the efficiency of three reforestation methods by investigating the taxonornic and functional diversity of birds in a post-mining landscape located in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. We counted birds in 56 sites located in both forest and areas under the process of ecological restoration through natural regeneration, planting seedlings, and nucleation. Species composition and richness differed significantly between forests and areas under recovery. Nucleation showed distinct species composition from planting seedlings or natural regeneration areas, which can be explained by the difference in environmental structure in the areas recovering by this method. Although age did not influence species richness, we observed different species composition between old and young areas that received planting of seedlings. In general, we found no differences in functional diversity and functional richness between the methods of recovery. We conclude that the three recovery strategies evaluated herein showed a similar efficiency. However, it is necessary to consider that perhaps eight years is a short period to observe significant differences in the structure of the areas recovered by the different methods and, consequently, the structure of bird communities. Also, the diversity patterns of the current bird communities located in the post-mining areas were far from those found in forest areas, indicating the need for maintaining long-term recovery programs.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Ecological restoration of solar park plant communities and the effect of solar panels

    Quentin LambertRaphael GrosArmin Bischoff
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：The construction of solar parks leads to soil degradation and the destruction of vegetation. Solar panels change the microclimate affecting plant survival and vegetation development. The increasing solar energy production requires solutions for ecological restoration from the beginning of electricity production. We compared three methods to restore Mediterranean dry grasslands as a target community not affecting solar energy production: seed material transfer, sowing of the target species Brachypodium retusum and an increase in soil organic matter by compost addition. The experiment was set up in a solar park located in South-Eastern France, both outside and below solar panels (SP). After four years, seed material transfer was the best method to initiate plant succession towards the reference community. SP hampered restoration success and strongly reduced plant species richness, in particular of species from the reference community. B. retusum survival decreased by 50% and phytometabolic indices revealed a light stress under SP. However, the species still maintained growth similar to plants outside SP suggesting shade tolerance. Long-term monitoring is required to evaluate whether communities better adapted to light reduction under panels need to be taken into account for successful restoration.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Effect of drainage ditches on diversity, structure and dynamics vegetation in campos de murundus (mound fields)

    Frederico Augusto Guimaraes GuilhermeAngelica Ferreira JuniorLuzia Francisca de Souza
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Campos de murundus (CM) is a savanna vegetation type of Cerrado which remain flooded in the rainy season. It is considered protected areas in the state of Goias, Brazil, but are under strong pressure due to the construction of drainage ditches around them. In this study we compared sampled and estimated species richness, structure and vegetation dynamics between drained and non-drained areas in CM over a seven-year period. We delimited 10 20x50 m plots in drained areas and 10 plots in non-drained areas with 200 m between them. Friedman's test was used to compare richness and individuals per plot between drained and non-drained areas. A MANOVA was used to compare horizontal structure parameters such as density, frequency, dominance, importance value index, importance value cover, mortality, recruitment, net changes and turnover in individuals and basal area per plot between areas. The estimated richness was higher in non-drained than in drained areas. Density and absolute dominance were greater in drained than non-drained areas. The increase in species richness, individual number, densification, dominance, and recruitment of individuals indicates encroachment of woody plants in the mound fields over time in both areas. Our study suggests a shift on structure of woody layer in CM which may affect ecosystem services such as water circulation in the long term.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Remote sensing evaluation of ecological restoration engineering effect: A case study of the Yongding River Watershed, China

    Liang ZhaiSiyuan ChengHuiyong Sang
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Ecological restoration has been risen to a national strategic project for China and become an significant way to realize ecological civilization construction. As an important way to measure the effectiveness of ecological restoration engineering, the corresponding evaluation provides a reliable basis for ecological restoration decision-making and ecosystem management. Based on remote sensing technology with the advantages of short revisit time, large monitoring range, high spatial resolution, this paper proposes a remote sensing evaluation method of watershed ecological restoration effect, so as to monitor the implementation effect of ecological restoration engineering in the watershed and technically check whether the expected goals set before the restoration are achieved. The comprehensive ecological restoration engineering of Yongding River has been implemented since 2016, and it was the first focus of the coordinated development of B eijing-Tianj in-Hebei region to make advances in ecology. In this paper, year 2015 and 2020 were selected as the before and the after the ecological restoration engineering of Yongding River. The research object was the riparian zone from Luopoling Reservoir to Daning Reservoir in Yongding River Watershed. After obtaining and processing remote sensing images, ZY-3 images were used to obtain land cover data by means of human-computer interactive interpretation, and Landsat images were used to retrieve NDV1 data. Based on these data, the changes of the eight indicators of water resources, water ecology and ecological function in the study area were calculated to evaluate the ecological restoration engineering effect. The results showed that the study area has basically realized the maintenance of ecological water quantity, formed the ecological corridor of Yongding River, and effectively enhanced the ecological function and improved the water environment. By verifying the feasibility of remote sensing evaluation method, this paper could provide relevant decision makers and planners with an effective evaluation method for the ecological restoration engineering effect based on remote sensing data and technology.
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    • NSTL

    Habitat connectivity in agricultural landscapes improving multi-functionality of constructed wetlands as nature-based solutions

    Maxime LenormandClementine PreauJulien Tournebize
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：The prevention of biodiversity loss in agricultural landscapes to protect ecosystem stability and functions is of major importance in itself and for the maintenance of associated ecosystem services. Intense agriculture leads to a loss in species richness and homogenization of species pools as well as the fragmentation of natural habitats and groundwater pollution. Constructed wetlands stand as nature-based solutions (NBS) to buffer the degradation of water quality by intercepting the transfer of particles, nutrients and pesticides between crops and surface waters. In karstic watersheds where sinkholes short-cut surface water directly to groundwater increasing water resource vulnerability, constructed wetlands are recommended to mitigate agricultural pollutants. Constructed wetlands also have the potential to improve landscape connectivity by providing refuge and breeding sites for wildlife, especially for amphibians. We propose here a methodology to identify optimal locations for water pollution mitigation using constructed wetlands from the perspective of habitat connectivity. We use ecological niche modelling at the regional scale to model the potential of habitat suitability for nine amphibian species, and to infer how the landscape impedes species movements. We combine those results to graph theory to identify connectivity priorities at the operational scale of an agricultural catchment area. Our framework allowed us to identify optimal areas from the point of view of the species, to analyze the effect of multifunctional constructed wetlands aiming to both reduce water pollution and to improve amphibian species habitat overall connectivity. More generally, we show the potential of habitat connectivity assessment to improve multifunctionality of NBS for pollution mitigation.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Ecological restoration of degraded ecosystems in India: ence and practices

    Kripal SinghChaeho ByunFaizal Bux
    2页
    查看更多>>摘要：The authors regret to inform that a few typing errors were there in the paper. We have now revised it. Please read last line of the abstract as 'Two out of five papers dealing with aquatic ecosystems provide a framework to quantify the magnitude of degradation, other two propose restoration technologies for coastal zones of India and one assessing the effectiveness of relocating coral reef from degraded urban coasts to reference coastal sites.' And figure caption as 'An overview of studies published in this special issue and their key points to be implemented in India's ecosystem restoration commitments made at Bonn Challenge and at 14th session of Conference of Parties (COP14) to United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) to restore its 26 million hectare (Mha) degraded land by 2030.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Seasonal response of vegetation on pollutants removal in constructed wredand system treating dairy wastewater

    Mario LicataDavide FarruggiaTeresa Tuttolomondo
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Constructed wetland systems provide the ideal solution for small and medium dairy farms as they can be built close to the farm and are easy to manage and use. However, their perfomance is significantly affected by vegetation activity during the year. The aims of the present study were to assess the treatment of dairy wastewater (DWW) by a horizontal subsurface flow system (HSSFs) and the effect of plants in the removal efficiency (RE) of BOD5, COD, total N (TO) and total P (TP), in Sicily (Italy). The HSSFs treated 6/7 m~3 per day of wastewater produced by a small dairy farm subsequent to biological treatment. The system included two units which were separately planted with Arundo donax L. and Cyperus altemifolius L. During a three-year study, the main chemical and microbiological characteristics were determined as well as pollutant RE. Plant growth analysis was carried out and biomass production was determined. All DWW parameters showed significant differences between inlet and outlet. In particular, for BOD5 and COD, average RE values were 77.8% and 61.6%, respectively. Arundo donax produced greater biomass than Cyperus alternifolius for both above- (4240.3 g m~2/ year) and below-ground (6996.3 g m~2/year) plant parts. A seasonal variation in RE of BOD5, COD, TN and TP was recorded due to plant growth rates. Our findings highlight that the contribution of plants in pollutant RE tends to vary seasonally.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Seed bank has potential for the restoration of insectivorous plants in Janggun montane wetland

    Yu Seong ChoiJae Geun Kim
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Janggun wetland is valuable in Korea because insectivorous plants including Utricularia yakusimensis and endangered species inhabit this wetland. However, insectivorous plants in this wetland are in danger of extinction due to its decreased water level. The objective of this study was to determine species composition and germination characteristics of seeds of insectivorous plants in Janggun wetland through seed bank analysis. A total of 5820 individuals of 29 species appeared in the seed bank, with Eriocaulon cmereum being the most abundant species. The number of emerged individuals decreased with the depth of seed bank. Shannon-Wiener diversity index of annual plants increased in the deeper seed bank. Regardless of the depth of seed bank, community overlap indices between seed banks and aboveground vegetation of the wetland were relatively high for annual plants than for perennials. For perennial plants, diversity indices were mostly high due to the lack of dominant species. Insectivorous plants, unlike their absence in the wetland vegetation in 2020, appeared in seed banks where shoots of Molirda japonica were rare and ground was inundated. It is thought that light and water level conditions for the germination and growth of insectivorous plants have not been satisfied in Janggun wetland due to water level decrease in drought years and the formation of dominant coirrmunities of M. japonica. This study proved the possibility of reemergence of insectivorous plants from soil seed banks if proper management is provided for water and M. japonica.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Using plants to control buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica): Improved block resistance of forests through revegetation

    Michael J. SchusterPeter D. WraggAlexander M. Roth
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Woody invaders of temperate forest understories reduce native diversity worldwide. Common buckthorn Rhamnus cathartica, is among the most widespread of such invaders in North America. Invaded communities often have seedbanks largely comprised of the dominant invader - with few native species remaining - and therefore lack the capacity to build biotic resistance against re-invasion following invader removal. Consequently, invaders, including buckthorn, often quickly re-establish in the absence of continued management. We investigated the capacity of native plant revegetation to inhibit buckthorn re-establishment from seedbanks in the understories of three forests of Minnesota, USA. Specifically, we established experimental plots subjected to seeding of 35 native species, planting of Pennsylvania sedge (Carex pensylvanica) plugs, or bare-root plantings of either mixed shrubs (Sambucus canadensis, Sambucus racemosa, Corylus americana, and Comas racemosa) or mixed trees (Abies balsamea and Acer saccharum). We then measured buckthorn germinant establishment, growth, and survival for the following four growing seasons. We observed consistent impacts of revegetation on ground-level light availability and associated buckthorn performance. Compared to unplanted understory controls beneath the mature tree canopy, shrub plantings were the most impactful. Shrubs reduced light availability to buckthorn seedlings by 67% relative to unplanted controls (to <2% total light by the third year) and led to 51% lower year-over-year survival of buckthorn by the end of the experiment. Revegetation also suppressed buckthorn seedling growth. After four years, shrub plantings resulted in buckthorn that were 53% shorter and had 38% fewer leaves than buckthorn grown in unplanted controls. Considering the combined impacts on survival and growth, planted shrubs, trees, and sedges reduced buckthorn invasion by 89%, 81%, and 66%, respectively; and seeding alone reduced invasion by 51%. Our findings indicate that revegetating forests, particularly with shrubs and trees, can greatly reduce invasion by buckthorn and potentially other species. Greater adoption of revegetation by land managers may therefore increase native biodiversity, reduce herbicide applications, and improve the overall health and value of forests.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Soil carbon storage and its economic values of inland wetlands in Korea

    Jaeyoung YooJinhyun KimJaegeun Kim
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Due to the importance of wetlands as a global carbon pool, explicit research on and management of the carbon storage of wetlands have drawn much attention. Within a single climatic zone, South Korea has various types of inland wetlands such as tidal salt marshes, freshwater lakes, rivers and peatlands, thereby providing an excellent platform for scientific investigation to identify patterns and key controlling factors of carbon budget in different inland wetlands. We estimated the amount of soil organic carbon (SOC) of 2444 inland wetlands in South Korea by cluster analysis and Monte-Carlo simulation using data from South Korea's National Wetland Inventory and their economic values by literature review. In addition, we identified key controlling factors that are closely related to SOC of 34 inland wetlands by correlation analysis and ANOVA test. We found that the total SOC stock of inland wetlands in South Korea is 16.3 ± 0.4 TgC (22.3 ± 0.6 kgC m~(-2)), which is 5.3-5.5% of the total SOC stock of the country, and the annual carbon sequestration rate is 60.7 ± 9.8 gC m~(-2) yr~(-1). The economic value of the total SOC stock is 2.0 ±0.1 billion USD (2.8 ± 0.1 USD m~(-2)), and that of the annual sequestration rate is 5.5 ± 0.9 million USD yr~(-1) (7.5 ± 1.2 10~(-3) USD m~(-2) yr~(-1)). The mean atmospheric temperature and soil characteristics including water content, total nitrogen and electrical conductivity showed positive correlations with SOC, suggesting the importance of hydrology and water chemistry as key determinants of SOC. In addition, inland wetlands with different dominant plant species showed significantly different SOC, probably because primary production and chemical composition of vegetation are strongly associated with carbon input into wetlands. However, annual precipitation and soil pH showed no correlation with SOC. Our results demonstrate that the carbon budget of inland wetlands in South Korea is considerable, and its economic value is closely related to characteristics of soil and vegetation.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL