期刊,Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering 2022年208卷期_国家学术搜索

期刊信息/Journal information

Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering

Elsevier Science B.V.

主办单位：Elsevier Science B.V.

国际刊号：0920-4105

Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering/Journal Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering

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The prediction of reservoir production based proxy model considering spatial data and vector data

Kai ZhangXiaoya WangXiaopeng Ma

11页

查看更多>>摘要： Reservoir modeling data could be divided into two categories: spatial data (i.e. permeability, effective grids, crack, irregular boundaries) and vector data (fluid properties i.e. relative permeability, density, viscosity). This paper is mainly interested in considering the permeability and relative permeability, which are the representatives of the two data types, to construct a proxy model for forecasting saturation and pressure maps in heterogeneous reservoirs during water flooding. The proxy model is built on the dense encoder-decoder network, to learn the reservoir dynamic states at different time steps. Results indicate that the trained proxy model could predict fluid saturation and pressure fields accurately. This paper presents a calibration method, which is adding a constraint to well-blocks. After calibration, the trained proxy model is utilized to calculate reservoir production. The comparison results illustrate that the proxy model can forecast well rates with relatively high accuracy. Compared with traditional reservoir numerical simulators, the proxy model could predict fluid saturation, pressure and well rates with similar accuracy and less time-cost.

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Laboratory study and field application of amphiphilic molybdenum disulfide nanosheets for enhanced oil recovery

Ming QuTuo LiangJirui Hou

14页

查看更多>>摘要： Recently, spherical nanoparticles have been studied to enhance oil recovery (EOR) worldwide owing to their remarkable properties. However, there is a lack of studies of nanosheets on EOR. Here, the amphiphilic molybdenum disulfide nanosheets were synthesized through a straightforward hydrothermal method. The octadecyl amine (ODA) molecules were grafted onto the surfaces of molybdenum disulfide nanosheets due to the presence of defects on the MoS2 nanosheets surfaces. The synthesized amphiphilic molybdenum disulfide nanosheets (ODA-MoS2 nanosheets) are approximate 67 nm in width. The effects of ultralow concentration ODA-MoS2 nanosheets on the dynamic wettability change of solid surfaces and emulsion stability were also studied and discussed. Besides, the laboratory displacement experiments were also carried out to reveal the adsorption rules and the oil displacement effects by using ultralow concentration ODA-MoS2 nanosheets. Experimental results indicate that the oil-wet solid surface (a contact angle of 130°) can transform into the neutral-wet solid surface (a contact angle of 90°) within 120 h after 50 mg/L ODA-MoS2 nanosheets treatment. In addition, micro-scale emulsions in size of 2 μm can be formed after the addition of ODA-MoS2 nanosheets by adsorbing onto the oil-water interfaces. The desorption energy of a single ODA-MoS2 nanosheet from the oil-water interface to the bulk phase is proposed. When the concentration of ODA-MoS2 nanosheets is 50 mg/L, the emulsions are the most stable. Core flooding results demonstrate that the ultimate residue of ODA-MoS2 nanosheets in porous media is less than 11%, and the highest increased oil recovery of around 16.26% (OOIP) is achieved. Finally, the production performance of ultralow concentration of ODA-MoS2 nanofluid (50 mg/L) in the application of Daqing Oilfield is summarized and discussed.

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Development of online separation and surfactant quantification in effluents from an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) experiment

Elie AyoubPerrine CologonMarie Marsiglia

9页

查看更多>>摘要： Surfactant flooding is one of the Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (cEOR) methods used to meet the growing demand for oil. It consists in injecting an aqueous formulation containing surfactants, whose performance, both in terms of incremental oil production and surfactant adsorption, is assessed in the laboratory with coreflood tests. Currently, coreflood effluents are collected in tubes throughout the experiment and the analyses are performed offline. Surfactants are measured in the aqueous phase by Hyamine assay or by liquid chromatography, ft is noteworthy that these analyses may be difficult to carry out since the effluents may contain stable emulsions. Moreover, it is unclear whether all surfactants are in the aqueous phase, or whether they are partly trapped in the oil phase. To overcome these difficulties and quantify surfactants reliably in coreflood effluents, we have developed an online experimental setup that includes: a dilution 'millifluidic' chip to transfer the surfactants in the aqueous phase, a 'microfluidic' membrane-based separation device to separate oil from the aqueous phase, and an online UV-visible spectrometer to measure the surfactant concentration. This setup was successfully validated with model fluid mixtures and was evaluated on real systems. Finally, it was tested under representative conditions of coreflood experiments. The obtained results proved the efficiency of the setup to facilitate the quantification of the surfactants in the effluents which clearly improves the accuracy of the measurements.

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NSTL

Stress dependence of the gas permeability of montmorillonite sediments the presence of methane hydrate

Zhaoran WuShenghua YangLiang Zhang

9页

查看更多>>摘要： The evolution of porosity and permeability of silty clay sediments in the South China Sea has significant effect on gas hydrate production due to the stress effect of submarine overburden rocks. The gas permeability of silty clay specimens under different effective stresses was measured in a cylindrical stainless steel reaction vessel. The experimental results in this paper show that application of effective stress destroys gas permeability of methane hydrate specimens. The power function relation between permeability and effective stress and exponential function relation between porosity and effective stress are given. The experimental data show that the formation of methane hydrate improves the compressible channel of montmorillonite deposits. The permeability damage rate increases with increase of effective stress, and stress sensitivity coefficient increases first and then decreases with increase of effective stress. Finally, an effective permeability equation of sediment containing hydrate saturation and effective stress parameters is established. The results are of guiding significance for the study of the stress dependence of porosity and permeability of gas hydrate silty clay reservoirs in the South China Sea.

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NSTL

Review of foam stability in porous media: The effect of coarsening

Wei YuMazen Y. Kanj

15页

查看更多>>摘要： Foam stability in porous media is crucial to industrial applications such as enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and CO2 geological sequestration. Though many studies of foam stability in porous media have been carried out, the results from these studies often interpreted the combined effects of drainage, coalescence, and coarsening. This convoluted interpretation does not add to the understanding and contribution of the isolated foam instability mechanisms. Coarsening or Ostwald ripening dominates the evolution of foam structure in porous media due to the scale effect. To bridge the knowledge gap, a comprehensive review of the mass transfer fundamentals and the experimental methods for observing the foam coarsening process in porous media was conducted. Unlike an open system where bubbles can grow freely, the restriction from the geometric confinement in the rock Cor rock-like) matrix decreases the foam coarsening rate. The confinement can even reverse the mass transport direction to go from larger bubbles to smaller bubbles (anti-coarsening). Various foam coarsening models based on Fick's diffusion law from the bubble-scale to the bulk-scale are reviewed to better understand the foam coarsening mechanisms. From the reviewed literature, foam coarsening dynamics are dominated by the average bubble size, the liquid film thickness between bubbles, and the gas-liquid interfacial properties. The proper selection of the foaming agents (surfactants and nanoparticles) and the gas phase (N2 and CO2) is critical to control the foam coarsening kinetics. The review of the experimental methods shows that both optical and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) are commonly used in studying the foam coarsening process at the bubble scale. X-ray micro-tomography (uCT) provides a robust tool to investigate the temporal evolution of trapped gases at the pore scale in real rocks. Microfluidics allow seeing the foam kinetics in 2D and 2.5D feature representations of the porous media. The fabrication of 3D micromodels with controlled wettability remains a challenge. Additionally, the challenge of capturing the dynamics of the foam coarsening process with moving bubbles remains understudied and ill-resolved.

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Geomechanical characterization of shale samples after pore plugging with nanomaterials

Chao GaoStefan MiskaMengjiao Yu

14页

查看更多>>摘要： Chemical agents capable of sealing pores and micro-fractures can be used to solve wellbore instability in shales. Nanomaterials, as sealing agents, have been applied to test fluids, and their wellbore strengthening effects were evaluated by triaxial tests. A recommended workflow is given to first conduct pore pressure transmission tests, and then perform triaxial tests to evaluate the influence of drilling fluids (sealing agents) on the strength of shales. Due to the low permeability of shales, the small sample (0.25 in. height and one in. diameter) is used in pore pressure transmission tests. This research gives special loading to handle small samples in triaxial testing and innovative calculation procedure to produce stress-strain curves for the shales. After Pore Pressure Transmission (PPT) tests with nanoparticles of various sizes (10, 40 nm), concentrations (3%, 10%), and types (aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide), triaxial tests were performed on Mancos Shale and Eagle Ford Shale. The best combinations for increasing UCS values (Uniaxial Compressive Strengths) are 10% 40-nm A1203 for Eagle Ford Shale and 3% 40-nm MgO for Mancos Shale, according to our test matrix. As shown by the experiments, the application of the appropriate nanoparticles on shales will improve their strength and reduce the risk of wellbore collapse. The methodology developed in this research can be extended to triaxial testing on cuttings-size samples, which provides useful rock characterization information for samples that do not meet standard testing conditions.

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NSTL

Effects of water-based drilling fluid on properties of mud cake and wellbore stability

Jia LiZhengsong QiuHanyi Zhong

21页

查看更多>>摘要： The challenge of wellbore stability is getting harder in complex formations. A better understanding of mud cake and its effect on stress state around the wellbore is beneficial for the solution of wellbore stability problems. Thus, the testing method and describing function of dynamic mud cake properties were developed with different drilling fluid additives. The microstructure of mud cake was investigated to further illustrate the mechanism of drilling fluid additives. Based on the poroelastic model, the effect of time-dependent mud cake properties on the distribution of pore pressure, effective stress state around the wellbore and safe mud weight window was analyzed. The results indicate that the buildup of mud cake slows down the increase of pore pressure and broadens the safe mud weight window by increasing the effective stress of compression. The significant increase in fracturing pressure illustrates the potential effect of mud cake in wellbore strengthening. Although the pressure isolation effect increases with the addition of bentonite, it has a limited influence on the safe mud weight window. The addition of Xanthan (XC) enhances the pressure isolation effect of mud cake by improving the coalescence stability of fine-grained particles and plugging the pore with hydration membrane. The visco-elastic granular plugging material has the best sealing efficiency with the deformation property. Although the fine-grained walnut shell has a relatively good pressure isolation effect, its effect on borehole cleaning is far greater than that on wellbore stability.

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NSTL

Effect and mechanism of microbial solid-free drilling fluid for borehole wall enhancement

Junxiu ChenGan ZhaoZhijun Li

11页

查看更多>>摘要： Borehole wall instability in broken formations has long been a significant problem in drilling engineering. Microbe-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology offers a promising approach for solving this problem. This study combines microorganisms and drilling fluid technology for the first time to explore a new drilling fluid technology designed to address the instability of a broken-formation borehole wall. First, we selected a solid-free drilling fluid suitable for the growth of Bacillus pasteurii and formulated a microorganism-containing solid-free drilling fluid. We then conducted an orthogonal-design experiment to investigate the effectiveness of the drilling fluid in enhancing the borehole wall. Finally, we analyzed the borehole wall-enhancement mechanism of the drilling fluid using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that 0.4% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solid-free drilling fluid is suitable for the formulation of microorganism-containing solid-free drilling fluid and that it can cement gravel soil (simulating broken formations) into a whole. The amount of calcium produced in the sample reached 6.63 g, the unconfmed compressive strength was 0.324 MPa, and the permeability coefficient was reduced to 0.202 cm/s. The forms of calcium carbonate crystals generated in the sample were vaterite and calcite, which filled the pores and played a cementing role, thereby increasing the strength of the sample and reducing its permeability. This study proposes new ideas for solving the problem of borehole wall instability in broken formation using drilling fluid techniques and thus has positive theoretical and practical significance.

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An experimental study on the structure and surface distribution of hydrophobic nanoparticles stabilized liquid foam

Shuangxing LiuXingchun LiYanming Chen

10页

查看更多>>摘要： Nanoparticles (NPs) have been used to enhance the performance of foam in foam flooding process, and their foaming properties have been extensively studied in recent years. The primary aim of this study was to reveal the structure of hydrophobic NPs stabilized foam system, and to understand the distribution of NPs on the liquid film's surface. To achieve this objective, cryo-transmission electron microscope (Cryo-TEM), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and optical microscope were used to accomplish the observation of both the entire foam system and one single bubble. Meanwhile, the distribution of NPs on the liquid film's surface was analyzed based on the observation results and existence theories. Secondly, the impact of the NPs' concentration on the foam's properties (foaming capacity and foam stability) and the bubbles' sizes were investigated. Besides, the observation results revealed the two-dimensional structure and particle distribution of the NP stabilized foam, and a relationship between the structure and the performance was established based on the investigation on foam's properties. Based on the experimental results, the NPs and surfactants were conjectured to be located at intervals on the surface of the liquid film, meanwhile, the NPs shown significant positive effect on the foam's stability but weak impact on the foaming capacity.

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NSTL

New two-phase and three-phase thermodynamic models for predicting wax precipitation in hydrocarbon mixtures

Aliyu Adebayo SulaimonGabriel Kayode Falade

32页

查看更多>>摘要： One of tile major issues in flow assurance is the precipitation and subsequent deposition of paraffin wax in petroleum production systems. A new two-phase multicomponent thermodynamic model based on a continuous thermodynamic phase equilibria employing a three-parameter gamma distribution function has been developed to predict the wax appearance temperature (WAT), the amount of precipitated wax, and the wax content of crude oils. Also, a generalized three-phase multicomponent thermodynamic model based on the combined polymer and regular solution theories of mixtures as well as on equations of state (EOS) is presented. The model utilizes the solid-liquid-vapour phase equilibrium relations with some constraint functions. Furthermore, hinged on the regression analysis of published experimental data, a new set of molecular-weight-dependent thermodynamic properties' correlations were developed and used to calculate the solid-liquid-equilibrium-ratios (K_i~(S-L)) for the individual component. The models were validated with data obtained from experiments conducted on 32 different hydrocarbon fluids from the Niger Delta, North Sea, Gulf of Mexico, East Asia, and Middle East fields. Results show that the gamma distribution parameters (a, p, n) can be used to classify hydrocarbon mixtures into three categories: light oils or condensate, waxy oil or asphaltenic oils, and biodegraded oils. Analysis shows that when compared with experimental data, the two-phase thermodynamic model is reliable with the average absolute deviations (AAD%) of 0.80% for paraffinic and waxy oils, 0.42% for paraffinic and waxy condensates, and 4.33% for paraffinic-asphaltenic and biodegraded oils. For the three-phase model, results show that the AAD% for the paraffinic and waxy oils, paraffinic and waxy condensates, and biodegraded oils are 0.93%, 1.03%, and 4.88% respectively. However, the two models slightly overestimate the WAT for biodegraded crude oils. Nevertheless, the generalized thermodynamic models developed have proved to be effective for predicting the onset conditions for wax precipitation during petroleum production and processing. It will prove a helpful tool for the fast and accurate assessment of wax deposition tendencies of hydrocarbon mixtures.

原文链接:

NSTL