期刊,Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering 2022年208PC卷期_国家学术搜索

期刊信息/Journal information

Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering

Elsevier Science B.V.

主办单位：Elsevier Science B.V.

国际刊号：0920-4105

Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering/Journal Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering

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On surface interactions of environmental friendly surfactant/oil/rock/low salinity system:IFT,wettability,and foamability

Li YisongRaoof GholamiMehdi Safari

15页

查看更多>>摘要：In recent years,natural surfactants have been considered as part of the EOR processes given their non-toxic and environment friendly nature.However,once chosen wisely,surfactants can only reduce the interfacial tension(IFT)and are often unable to alter the surface wettability for a better hydrocarbon production.Low salinity water(LSW)is a good candidate on these occasions,but the interaction of LSW with natural surfactants for wettability alteration has not been deeply understood.In this work,an attempt was made to extract and characterize a natural surfactant which could be used together with LSW for EOR purposes.To do this,a natural surfactant was extracted from Saponin and its physico-chemical properties such as CMC,foamability,and thermal stability were tested.A series of IFT and wettability measurements were then conducted to evaluate the performance of the surfactant as an EOR additive.The results obtained indicated that the extracted surfactant has a high thermal stability and can be fully functional in the temperature of up to 100 ℃.It appears that increasing the level of salinity in the solution can improve the efficiency and foamability of the surfactant.It was observed that the extracted surfactant as can reduce the IFT of an air-water system by 78.65% and is capable of favorably altering the surface wettability of sandstone for a better hydrocarbon production once combined with LSW.

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Application of iron oxide nanoparticles in oil recovery-A critical review of the properties,formulation,recent advances and prospects

Mohd Zaidi JaafarSulalit BandyopadhyayFaruk Yakasai

32页

查看更多>>摘要：Iron oxide nanoparticles(IONPs)are of particular interest in multiple fields and in enhanced oil recovery(EOR)due to their unique advantages and characteristics.Albeit several laboratory research articles on IONPs in EOR are available,a critical review is still elusive in literature.Herein,critical information on the properties,formulation and application of IONPs in oil recovery is depicted.The basic physical,structural and physico-chemical properties of IONPs were introduced.Thereafter,the preparation of iron oxide nanofluids(IONFs)was discussed.Likewise,potential application of IONPs,in petroleum industry was elucidated.Subsequently,effectiveness of IONPs in EOR was compared with other nanoparticles and the efficacy of surface coatings were reviewed.Finally,the main challenges hindering the applications of IONPs in oil field reservoir were identified and solutions proffered.Experimental results from the literature indicate that the effectiveness of IONPs in reservoir applications is directly related to their surface coatings.The coatings are used to enhance stability and transportation,minimise rock adsorption,and target specific oil recovery mechanisms,resulting in incremental oil recovery.Hence,surface treatment is a necessity for reservoir condition applications.

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Wave dispersion and attenuation due to multi-scale wave-induced fluid flow in layered partially saturated pore-crack media

Miaomiao XuXingyao YinZhaoyun Zong

19页

查看更多>>摘要：The complex heterogeneities of underground rocks will cause wave-induced fluid flows at different scales,which consequently leads to the wave velocity dispersion and energy loss.Mastering and modeling the frequency-dependent elastic and attenuation behaviors are of great significance to characterize underground rocks using multi-scale geophysical data.Following Biot's approach,the constitutive relationship,kinetic energy and dissipation functions in regard to wave induced global fluid flow,interlayer local fluid flow and squirt flow in the annular and penny-shaped cracks are established.From the Lagrange equations,the wave equations considering multi-scale wave induced fluid flow are further derived,which yields three P waves and one S wave.The frequency-dependent velocity and attenuation of fast P wave calculated by the multi-scale wave equations present nice match with that of the single-scale or dual-scale theories in the corresponding frequency bands.Besides,the multi-scale wave theory,under certain circumstance,can be degenerated to the widely known theories including Tang's pore-crack theory,the layered double-porosity theory and Biot's theory,which theo-retically illustrates the rationality of the novel wave equation.In order to adjust the low-frequency velocity of the multi-scale wave equations to Gassmann velocity,the dynamic fluid modulus(DFM)is introduced into the multi-scale wave theory.However,the original multi-scale wave theory behaves better fit with the experimental data in comparison with the DFM multi-scale wave theory.The effect of micro-parameters on the dispersion and attenuation calculated by the multi-scale wave theory indicates that the annular crack deforms more with weaker stiffness than the penny-shaped cracks under the same aspect ratio.

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Geochemistry and source of crude oils in the Wensu uplift,Tarim Basin,NW China

Jinhu ZhangYouxing YangYongjin Gao

19页

查看更多>>摘要：The Wensu uplift,to the northwest of the Tarim Basin,is located at the intersection of the marine Awati basin and the continental Kuche foreland basin.The origin and accumulation of hydrocarbons are complex processes in the Wensu uplift.The XWD 1 and 2 wells,drilled in the Wensu uplift in 2017,produced high-yield commercial oil flows from Neogene strata,thus realizing the first major breakthrough in the region's 50 years of oil and gas exploration.This discovery invited significant attention from the research community for shallow hydrocarbon accumulations along the margins of the Tarim Basin.This study focuses on the Neogene hydrocarbons of the Wensu uplift along with their geochemical characteristics and origin.We propose a hydrocarbon accumulation model,reconstructed by combining geology and geochemistry.The results show that crude oils from the Wensu uplift display typical lacustrine characteristics:1)higher Pr/Ph values(1.68-2.04,average 2.33)that are indicative of an oxidizing sedimentary environment for the source rock;2)higher content of rearranged steranes,C_(29)Ts,and C_(30)diasteranes and lower DBT/P value(0.09-0.11),indicating that the source rock is shale with a high content of clay minerals;and 3)lower sterane/hopane ratios(0.14-0.15)indicating high inputs of bacteria and microorganisms.The above characteristics are distinct from the adjacent marine crude oils which feature relatively lower ratios of Pr/Ph(1.27-1.37)and higher ratios of DBT/P(0.62-0.82)and steranes/hopanes(0.87-0.90).The oil-oil and oil-rock correlations conducted using hydrocarbon biomarkers and carbon isotope ratios show that the oils in Wensu uplift contain contributions from the lacustrine source rocks of the Jurassic Qiakemake(J2q)and Triassic Huangshanjie(T3h)formations of the eastern Wushi-Baicheng sag,suggesting that the Wensu uplift oils have a mixed origin.The age of stratigraphic traps in the Wensu uplift coincides with that of hydrocarbon expulsion peak and the hydrocarbons accumulated along the slope by long-distance migration.The results of this study aim to serve as an important guide for further studies on petroleum accumulation mechanisms and shallow hydrocarbon explorations in basin margins devoid of local hydrocarbon source rocks.

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Petrophysical analysis and mudstone lithofacies classification of the HRZ shale,North Slope,Alaska

Timothy Scott WilliamsShuvajit BhattacharyaLiaosha Song

11页

查看更多>>摘要：Mudstone is vertically and laterally heterogeneous in terms of variations in mineral composition,organic carbon content,and petrophysical properties.The purpose of this study is to classify mudstone lithofacies within the High Radioactive Zone(HRZ)Shale on the North Slope,Alaska,based upon mineralogy,total organic carbon(TOC),and petrophysical properties to interpret their distributions and depositional/diagenetic environments.We integrate core data from six wells and well logs from 18 wells to analyze the variations in rock properties in the HRZ Shale.Analysis of cores at multiple scales of resolution by techniques,including X-ray diffraction(XRD),trace element geochemistry,pyrolysis,and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)are integrated with conventional and advanced wireline logging suites(including pulsed neutron spectroscopy [PNS])to map vertical and lateral variation in mudstone lithofacies across the study area.Results show that the HRZ Shale exhibits a high degree of vertical and lateral heterogeneities in mineralogy,TOC,and petrophysical properties.This shale formation is composed of 12 lithofacies:pyritic organic mixed shale,organic mixed shale,pyritic mixed shale,mixed shale,pyritic organic mudstone,organic mudstone,pyritic grey mudstone,grey mudstone,pyritic organic siliceous shale,organic siliceous shale,pyritic siliceous shale,and siliceous shale.Quartz abundance is generally higher in the west,and clay proportions increase from the southwest to the northeast of the study area.The TOC content is variable across the HRZ Shale,ranging from 1.5 to 15 wt%.The lithofacies are influenced by depositional conditions,diagenesis,redox conditions,organic matter productivity,and preservation.

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Geochemistry and sources of hydrate-bound gas in the Shenhu area,northern south China sea:Insights from drilling and gas hydrate production tests

Qianyong LiangXi XiaoJing Zhao

15页

查看更多>>摘要：Research on the origin and source of hydrate-bound gas and its relationship to deep conventional oil and gas accumulation in a basin is critical to understanding the accumulation mechanism of gas hydrates and to resource evaluation of gas hydrate accumulation.In this study,the hydrate-bound gas obtained via pressure coring and the production gas recovered during a production test on a gas hydrate reservoir in the Shenhu area offshore of Southern China were tested and discussed.The geochemical analysis results indicate that methane is the predominant gas,and heavier hydrocarbons(C2+)are also present but in low concentrations.The molecular compositions of the hydrate gas recovered from two production test sites are similar to those of the hydrate-bound gas acquired via pressure coring.In addition to the isotopic composition of the methane,the carbon and hydrogen isotopes of the C2+ hydrocarbons were obtained for the first time.The δ~(13)C isotopes of the methane range from-66.6%o to-46.2‰,indicating that the hydrate-bound gases have a mixed origin,containing both biogenic and thermogenic gases.The plot of δ~(13)C1 versus δ~(13)C2 suggests that the biogenic and thermogenic hydrocarbons were derived from marine organic matter and terrestrial organic matter,respectively.The isotopic characterization of the hydrate-bound gas reveals that the thermogenic hydrate gas contains both humic-type gas and sapropel-type gas,but the sapropel-type gas is predominant.The source rocks of the thermogenic hydrate gas are interpreted to be both the gas-prone coal measure strata of the Enping Formation and the oil-prone medium-deep lacustrine strata of the Wenchang Formation,the latter of which contributed more to the hydrocarbon supply of the gas hydrates.In addition,the maturity of the source rocks of the thermogenic hydrate gas may be lower than that of the deeply buried conventional hydrocarbons discovered in the Baiyun Sag-Panyu Low Uplift area.The seismic profile crossing the shallow gas hydrate accumulations and deep conventional gas reservoirs clearly shows that the proven LW3-1 thermogenic gas reservoir communicated with the gas hydrate stability zone through vertical migration pathways formed by high-angle faults and gas chimneys.This indicates that there was a cogenetic relationship between the thermogenic hydrate gas and the deep conventional hydrocarbon reservoir,which was supplied the thermogenic gas derived from both the Wenchang and Enping formations.The major implications of this finding are that it confirms,rather than theorizes,the identity of the hydrocarbon source rocks of the thermogenic hydrate gas in the Shenhu area for the first time,and it demonstrates the coupling relationship between the shallow gas hydrate accumulations and the deep conventional reservoirs proposed in previous studies.The mechanisms of hydrocarbon migration and gas hydrate accumulation in the production test gas hydrate reservoirs in the Shenhu area were also identified,providing a valuable reference for subsequent exploration and for the potential exploitation of gas hydrate reservoirs in the South China Sea.

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Automatic fracture detection and characterization from unwrapped drill-core images using mask R-CNN

Fatimah AlzubaidiPatrick MakuluniStuart R.Clark

11页

查看更多>>摘要：Drill cores provide reliable information about fractures in subsurface formations as they present a clear and direct view of fractures.Core observation and image log interpretation are usually integrated for fracture analysis of underground layers.There has been a strong move towards developing automated fracture detection methods,however,the focus has been on extracting fracture information from log images,such as acoustic or resistivity image logs.Such efforts using core images are significantly less.This paper presents a machine learning-based approach for automatic fracture recognition from unwrapped drill-core images.The proposed method applies a state-of-the-art convolutional neural network for object identification and segmentation.The study also investigates the feasibility of using synthetic fracture images for the training of a learning model.Synthetic data can provide an alternative to real data,and thus address data availability issues common for supervised machine learning applications.We first create two types of synthetic data by using masks of real fractures and creating sinusoidal shaped fractures.The trained model is evaluated on real core images from two boreholes and provides an average precision of approximately 95%.The identified fractures are further analyzed and compared to manually segmented fractures in terms of fracture dip angle and dip direction,which achieved average absolute errors of around 2° and 11°,respectively.Overall,the study presents a novel application of an advanced machine learning algorithm for fracture detection and analysis from unwrapped core images.

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Experimental and modeling of electrical resistivity changes due to micro-spatial distribution of fluid for unconsolidated sand

Muhammad Bisri MustofaUmar FauziFourier Dzar Eljabbar Latief

13页

查看更多>>摘要：Electrical resistivity measurements of reservoir rocks are usually applied to identify fluid type and saturation.Although it has been widely studied,the effect of fluid saturation on electrical resistivity is not yet fully understood,especially when considering the spatial distribution of fluids.Hysteresis and electrical resistivity jump in the imbibition process are two of the phenomena that remain unclear.Microscopical evaluation would be useful in understanding these phenomena.In this paper,we analyzed the influence of the micro-spatial distribution of fluids on electrical resistivity.In order to achieve the objective,laboratory measurements and computer modeling of electrical resistivity were carried out.Measurements were made on unconsolidated sand samples that were saturated with brine.Two categories of samples were prepared based on the position of the brine injection to obtain fluid spatial distribution variations in rock pores.Measurement results showed that the electrical resistivity varies depending on the brine injection position.Subsequently,3-D microcomputed tomography images were acquired to analyze sample microstructure and model fluid spatial distribution.We implemented three different saturation models made up of varying fluid filling mechanisms onto digital images of samples,then used them to compute the electrical resistivity of the sub-sample using the finite element method.The measurement and calculation of electrical resistivity showed good agreement.These results indicate that the proposed model is capable of representing spatial fluid distribution in pore spaces of measured samples.This fluid distribution is most responsible for the variation of the electrical resistivity in the samples.Furthermore,the electrical resistivity jump phenomenon in the imbibition process was successfully explained through the proposed model.Based on this study's results,it can be concluded that the spatial distribution of fluids needs to be considered in the estimation of electrical resistivity.The research findings provide insight into how micro-spatial distribution affects electrical properties of rocks of importance to the interpretation of electrical resistivity data.

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Embedded discrete fracture modeling:Flow diagnostics,non-Darcy flow,and well placement optimization

Shuai MaBinshan JuLin Zhao

10页

查看更多>>摘要：Low-velocity non-Darcy flow often occurs in low permeability reservoirs.In this paper,we discuss how to incorporate a non-Darcy flow correction into embedded discrete fracture modeling(EDFM).The resulting method is validated by reproducing type curves containing the characteristic no-flow segment,followed by a nonlinear and a linear segment.Simulation results are also validated against a direct simulation method that uses local grid refinement to(almost)resolve hydraulic fractures.Second,we discuss how grid-based flow diagnostics can be formulated on top of the new EDFM method and used to provide computationally inexpensive predictions of flow patterns,interwell connections,and measures of dynamic heterogeneity.We then demonstrate how such flow diagnostics can be used to optimize well placement and improve oil recovery.

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3D numerical modeling of the effect of the drill string vibration cyclic loads on the wellbore natural fracture growth

A.R.Kamgue LenwoueJ.DengYongcun Feng

13页

查看更多>>摘要：The maintenance of wellbore stability remains one of the major sources of Non-Productive Time in the oil industry.During drilling process,the drill string vibration cyclic loads which are applied on the wellbore progressively affect the initial parameters of the fractured formation(such as its length and width),finally resulting into wellbore instability.In this research,a three-dimensional poro elasto plastic finite element model was built using a non-linear finite element software ABAQUS purposely to investigate the effect of drill string vibration cyclic loads on the wellbore natural fracture growth.The main conclusions exhibited that the dependency of the fracture width profiles with the time followed an oscillating comportment analogous to the vibration cyclic loads profiles.For distinct cyclic load magnitudes and constant number of cyclic loads,the biggest percentage augmentation of the fracture width after integration of cyclic loads was 64.77%.Interestingly,the aperture of the fracture increased with the length of the fracture in the region neighboring the wellbore while it globally declined when going farther aside the wellbore.But for constant magnitude of cyclic load and distinct cyclic loads number,the highest rate of fracture aperture augmentation after incorporation of cyclic loads was moderately smaller representing 63.12% while the sinusoidal period of the fracture aperture grew with the number of cyclic loads number.The alternate studies demonstrated that the vibration cyclic loads were approximately unrelated to the fracture length development and the bottom hole pressure evolution.However,the fracture aperture and the loss circulation rate were significantly influenced by the vibration and the biggest percentage augmentation of the loss circulation rate after implementation of cyclic loads was 14.3%.This study broadens the understanding of the coupling between the drill string vibration cyclic loads and the wellbore natural fracture rock development which is a thematic that has been seldom examined in the literature.

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