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Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering
Elsevier Science B.V.
Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering

Elsevier Science B.V.

0920-4105

Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering/Journal Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering
正式出版
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    Joint optimization of constrained well placement and control parameters with a quantum-inspired cell-based quality gate function

    Amir SemnaniYungui XuMehdi Ostadhassan
    20页
    查看更多>>摘要：Well placement and parameter optimization (WPPO) is an essential step in hydrocarbon, geothermal and water resources development which has complexities and difficulties. In fact, high computational cost can be the most important obstacle in WPPO problems. Population-based metaheuristics algorithms (PBMAs) are the most widely utilized ones for WPPO problems. However, these methods suffer from the issue that at each iteration, the minimum number of simulation run is at least equal to the population size. Knowing this, in order to enhance the efficiency of these methods, in this study, we introduced a cell-based quality gate function (CBQGF) which is inspired from quantum gates in quantum computing. The CBQGF is incorporated in our previously introduced inter-distance algorithm (IDC) which we called CBQG-IDC. Since, CBQG sets a condition for each location during the optimization process, locations with poor cell properties will be filtered out to increase the rate of convergence considerably. We applied the CBQG-IDC to two universally popular global optimization methods, genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) and compared the results to the IDC limited algorithm. In all scenarios, net present value (NPV) was considered as the fitness value and all joint optimization of locations and well associated parameters were conducted simultaneously. The results showed CBQG-IDC with a much higher rate of convergence compared to IDC, while its performance is highly dependent on constant parameters. Ultimately, the proposed CBQG-IDC can be applied to any optimization algorithm for any placement optimization problem in Euclidian geometry to save the computational cost.
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    Association between multiphase seepage and exploitation of natural gas hydrate based on the Shenhu area of South China Sea

    Jiale HeHongsheng DongJiaqi Wang
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Multiphase seepage characteristics are vital factors for improving the recovery efficiency of natural gas hydrate (NGH) via stepwise depressurization. However, the difficulties to experimentally construct real and natural hydrate-bearing sediments in a laboratory hinder the study of the association between multiphase seepage and the development of NGH. In this study, an optimized simulation model based on the features of fine shaly silt sediment in the Shenhu area of the South China Sea is proposed to analyze the influence of seepage characteristics on hydrate exploitation induced by stepwise depressurization. Multiple perspectives, including the intrinsic permeability, gas and water relative permeability, porosity, and permeability anisotropy of the reservoir are regarded as sensitive parameters of the hydrate production. The exploitation economy of fine hydrate-bearing sediment was evaluated by introducing the Ste number, gas-water ratio (GWR), and sensitivity analysis. The results demonstrate that the contribution of sensible heat to hydrate exploitation in reservoirs with poor seepage characteristics is limited;; the effects of the abovementioned parameters on the GWR are different;; porosity and gas relative permeability are the most important factors that affect hydrate production. Thus, detailed geological examination should be performed to ensure the exploitation economy. This study provides a profound theoretical basis for the stepwise depressurization strategy design of NGH exploitation in the field.
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    • NSTL

    Design and performance analysis of a formulation based on SDBS and ionic liquid for EOR in carbonate reservoirs

    Alba SomozaNestor TafurAlberto Arce
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：A large proportion of extant crude oil is found in carbonate reservoirs worldwide. Alkylbenzene sulfonates are inexpensive anionic surfactants but they cannot be used in these reservoirs due to their incompatibility with divalent ions and high adsorption on the rocks. This paper proposes the solution to that problem by blending this kind of surfactant with surface-active ionic liquids. Namely, a formulation containing sodium dodecylbenzene-sulfonate (SDBS) and cocosalkylpentaethoximethylammonium methylsulfate ([C1EG][MeSO4]) was designed for the application. Two optimal blends, at 40/60 and 73.7/26.3 SDBS/[C1EG][MeSO4] ratios, were found in synthetic seawater via equilibria and interfacial tension (IFT) studies. Core-fooding tests were carried out to check the performance of both blends. The frst blend ratio (40 wt% SDBS) was selected to defne an optimal formulation (1 wt% blend in synthetic seawater at 298.15 K) due to its better injectability, higher reduction of the IFT, lower adsorption, and better oil recovery. Attained tertiary oil recovery (18% of the original oil in place), with low blend adsorption (0.37 mgblend/grock), shows the promising performance of the solution. The main mechanism associated with improved oil recovery is IFT reduction. This work offers a signifcant advance in the application of natural petroleum sulfonates in carbonate reservoirs.
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    • NSTL

    Effect of oil/water ratio on rheological behavior, droplet size, zeta potential, long-term stability, and acid-induced demulsification of crude oil/water nanoemulsions

    Sagheer A. Onaizi
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Nanoemulsions are interesting nano-fluids with a number of potential industrial applications. However, the effective utilization of these colloidal systems will not be achieved without studying their characteristics (e.g., droplet size, interfacial tension, zeta potential), flow behavior (e.g., rheology), and long-term stability. In this work, crude oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions have been formulated and stabilized by sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS). The volume of the dispersed crude oil phase has been varied in order to probe the oil content effect on the nanoemulsion properties and stability. The obtained results revealed that the interfacial tension of the nanoemulsions decreases significantly as the dispersed phase volume fraction decreases. Similarly, average droplet size and zeta potential also decrease with decreasing the crude oil content, reaching 37 nm and-42 mV, respectively, at 5 vol% crude oil. Unprecedented and interesting flow behavior consisting of 3 regions (shear-thinning/Newtonian/shear-thickening) has been observed for the nanoemulsions with a crude oil content <20 vol%. All the formulated nanoemulsions displayed a long-term stability with 0% demulsification. Despite the extreme stability and the pH-irresponsive nature of SDBS, a complete oil separation might be achieved via the addition of a small quantity of dilute HCl. The demulsification extent, however, decreases with decreasing the crude oil content.
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    • NSTL

    Variation in the brittle-ductile transition of Longmaxi shale in the Sichuan Basin, China: The significance for shale gas exploration

    Chengxiang WanYan SongZhuo Li
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Longmaxi Formation has abundant shale gas resources. High-yield wells have been obtained in medium-shallow and deep areas in the Sichuan Basin. Quantitative research on the brittle-ductile change in rocks is a basic geological component for caprock evaluation, and it can also be applied to shale gas exploration. This paper fully considers the difference between the lower shale (Nl) and upper shale (N2) of the Longmaxi gas-bearing shale. Through total organic carbon (TOC), mineral components, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and triaxial mechanics experiments, the two groups of shale samples, Nl and N2, were compared and analyzed, and the brittle-ductile transition was quantitatively studied. Based on previous work, a method for the fast calculation of the key over consolidation ratio (OCR) was proposed. The results show that Nl is mainly organic-rich siliceous shale, N2 is primarily organic-poor clay shale and mixed shale, and Nl is generally more brittle than N2. The key OCRs of Nl and N2 are 2.16 and 2.60, respectively. The key confining pressures at which Nl and N2 become fully ductile are 87.87 MPa and 70.28 MPa, respectively. Therefore, the key depths of the brittle zones of Nl and N2 (H_(b1) and H_(b2)) and the key depths of the ductile zones of Nl and N2 (H_(d1) and H_(d2)) are obtained. On this basis, a comprehensive model for the Longmaxi shale gas" brittle-ductile transition exploration zone in the Sichuan Basin and H_(b1) and H_(b2) maps of the Longmaxi gas-bearing shale have been established. Through comprehensive vertical and horizontal analysis, Longmaxi shale gas exploration risks in different blocks of the Sichuan Basin have been clarified. Therefore, this study of the variation in the brittle-ductile transition has an important guiding role in refining the exploration of Longmaxi shale gas in the Sichuan Basin.
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    • NSTL

    Occurrence and origin of chlorite and associated impact on tight sandstone reservoir quality;; A case study of the Xujiahe Formation (NE Sichuan Basin, China)

    Jingdong LiuChengjin ZhaoYoulu Jiang
    19页
    查看更多>>摘要：Chlorite is beneficial to the preservation of primary pores, and its formation mechanism in marine sandstone has been widely reported. However, few studies have focused on the genetic mechanism of various types of chlorite in lacustrine deltaic sandstone. Therefore, the occurrence, diagenetic time and origin of chlorite in Xujiahe tight sandstone were investigated using microscopic images and mineralogical chemical analysis, and three stages of chlorite were identified, namely, grain-coating (Chi), pore-lining (Ch2), and pore-filling (Ch3) chlorite, which belong to the Fe chlorite, Al chlorite and transitional types, respectively. The variations in morphology and chemical composition reflect differences in the sources and formation mechanisms. Chlorite sandstones are mainly distributed in the underwater distributary channel, which has strong hydrodynamic conditions. The formation of Chi is controlled by the sedimentary environment and Speculation. Salinity differences resulted in a larger amount of flocculation deposits in the estuaries during the syngenetic period. In the shallow burial stage, the clay coating underwent in situ transformation under thermal impacts and formed the Chi. Xujiahe sandstones experienced complex diagenetic processes, which include early compaction, three stages of chlorite cementation, two stages of quartz precipitation, dissolution and two stages of carbonate cementation. Organic acid dissolution of volcanic rock fragments, phyllite, and biotite likely supplied sufficient Fe~(2+) for the growth of Ch2 in a relatively closed diagenetic system. As the pore water became weakly alkaline, diagenetic fluid migration originating from the clay mineral transformation in mudstone mainly provided Fe~(2+) and Mg~(2+) for Ch3 growth in sandstones. Chlorite is considered to have "composite" impacts on deep tight sandstones, with grain-coating and pore-lining chlorites protecting the primary pores by restricting the silica supply and occupying potential quartz nucleation sites;; however, grain-coating chlorite caused throat obstruction or even closure under strong mechanical compaction, which reduced the permeability of the reservoir.
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    • NSTL

    Lithofacies characteristics and controlling on volcanic reservoirs in the basement;; A case study of the offshore Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China

    Anqing ChenMingcai HouTao Ye
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：Volcanic rocks are important, but special reservoirs, for hydrocarbon exploration. Volcanic lithofacies play an important role in reservoir development, but the understanding of the relationship between lithofacies and reservoirs is still limited, especially for volcanic basements. In this paper, we characterized the intermediate-basic lithofacies features and discuss the relationship between lithofacies and reservoirs in the offshore Bohai Bay Basin. The results show that there developed volcanic conduit, eruptive (basic and neutral), explosive, and volcanogenic sedimentary facies in the study area. Among them, the explosive and eruptive facies are dominant. Different lithofacies present diverse well-logging and seismic responses, and the basic-eruptive (basalt), neutral-eruptive (andesite), explosive, and volcanogenic sedimentary facies are distributed from the bottom to top orderly fashion. This vertical superposition pattern represents a volcanic eruption process that has resulted in eruptive facies being more developed than explosive facies. The pores (intershard, dissolution, and devitrified pores) and tectonic fractures are the predominant spaces for explosive and neutral-eruptive facies (andesite), respectively. The lithofacies control the development of the primary spaces, fractures, and the diagenesis processes, leading to explosive and neutral-eruptive facies being the dominant facies for reservoir development. The understanding of high-quality reservoirs in the volcanic buried hills is not only controlled by weathering but also dominant lithofacies that will guide the volcanic exploration globally.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Research on the factors influencing the skew-making ability of structural bent-angle drilling tools and structural optimization

    Zhiqiang HuangDou XieHongmei Yu
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：The structural bent-angle drilling tool is a new type of directional drilling tool developed independently, in order to improve its build-Lip rate and better play its trajectory capacity, in order to successfully achieve directional drilling. To this end, this paper establishes a mechanical model of structural bent-angle drilling tools by using the longitudinal and transverse bending method of BHA continuous beams, conducts a study on the influencing factors of their skewing ability, and grasps the influence law of drilling tool structure on their skewing ability. In addition, in order to study the build-up rate of structural bent-angle drilling tools under the action of multiple factors, the drilling tool structure is optimized based on orthogonal tests. The results show that the lateral force of the bit decreases with the increase of the curvature of the well body and the decrease of the structure bending angle, the bit pressure and the diameter of the near bit holder. The build-up rate increases with the increase of the structure bending angle, the bit pressure, the diameter of the near bit holder and the distance from the bit to the near bit holder. The structure bending angle is the main factor affecting the build-up rate of the structure bending angle drilling tool, and the build-up rate of the optimized structure (structural bend angle (γ) = 0.9°, bit pressure(P_B) = 6t, near drill bit holder diameter (D1) = 0.215m, distance from drill bit to near drill bit holder(L1)-0.6m) is 8.3939°/30m, which is 65.5% higher than the original structure ( 7 = 0.5°;; P_B = 3t; D1 = 0.212m;; Lx = 0.6137mX2.8949730m). The research results can lay the theoretical foundation for improving the build-up rate of structural bent angle drilling tools.
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    • NSTL

    Synthesis and evaluation of a novel polyacrylamide functionalized nano-silica as a calcium carbonate inhibitor in upstream applications

    Nadhem IsmailAll S. AlshamiIbnelwaleed A. Hussein
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Calcium carbonate scale forms in production and injection wells, precipitating upon pressure and temperature changes, incompatible water mixing, and dehydration. Production shutdown is one of the most dramatic consequences caused by calcium carbonate scale formation. We synthesized, characterized, and tested a polyacrylamide functionalized nano-silica (PAM-SiC^NPs) inhibitor that prevents calcium carbonate formation at high temperatures and high brine. Positive compatibility results were confirmed before the inhibition efficiency test, whereby the efficiency was calculated by quantifying the calcium ions left in solution using ICP-OES. The inhibitor was effective at temperatures of 40, 60, and 80 °C, with pH values of 7, and 9, and varying brine compositions. The inhibition efficiency increased with an increase in temperature and pH, reaching 95% after 16 h of reaction time at a temperature of 80 °C, and a pH of 7 using an inhibitor concentration of 20 ppm (mg/1). A higher amount of scale formed due to an abundance of calcium ions with a cationic to anionic ratio of 80/20;; however, the inhibition efficiency was higher with a ratio of 20/80, especially at lower inhibitor dosages. The collected scale in the blank and the samples with low inhibitor concentrations were characterized using SEM/EDS and TEM. The Characterization indicated that the inhibitor chelates calcium, preventing scale formation. SEM results indicated a change in scale morphology as the inhibitor was absorbed to the active crystal sites, interrupting the microcrystal growth. These findings indicate promising inhibition results at high temperatures, varying pH values, and different brine concentrations with relatively low inhibitor concentrations. Results were compared to commercial inhibitors and found to be more effective (>80%) at very low concentrations (0.2 ppm).
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    • NSTL

    Predicting naphthenate precipitation and evaluating the effect of ionic liquids on its deposition

    Aliyu Adebayo SulaimonAsiah Nusaibah MasriUmar Abdul Aziz Jamil Sabri
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Naphthenic acids that are naturally carboxylic compounds contained in heavy crude oil are the main source of corrosion and blockage in a crude oil pipeline. The blockage is due to the formation of naphthenate deposits through a reaction of naphthenic acid with metal ions present in the crude oil. In the present study, model oil is used to evaluate the effect of water cut in the range of 10%-90%, brine pH in the range of 6-10, Ca~(2+) concentration in the range of 0.5%~(-2).5% and temperature in the range of 30 °C-60 °C towards naphthenate deposition with the aid of response surface methodology. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) were used to evaluate the structure of the naphthenic acids used. Results show that Ca~(2+) concentration contributes mostly to the naphthenate deposition, followed by brine pH, water cut and temperature. Two mathematical models were developed to predict the final pH of the oil-brine system and the mass of precipitates with average relative errors (AREs) of 0.0328 and 0.0325 respectively. The effects of two ionic liquids (ILs), l-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIM-C1) and l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIM-Cl), on naphthenates precipitation, were also evaluated. Analysis showed that both ILs can reduce the amount of naphthenate deposited, with the BMIM-Cl showing better performance than the EMIM-Cl.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL