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Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering
Elsevier Science B.V.
Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering

Elsevier Science B.V.

0920-4105

Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering/Journal Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering
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    Development of novel inhibitive water-based drilling muds for oil and gas field applications

    Aydin, Mustafa GoktanYalman, EmineFederer-Kovacs, GabriellaDepci, Tolga...
    19页
    查看更多>>摘要：The aim of this study is to develop inhibitive drilling fluid systems generated from waste materials that can contribute to the reduction of potential well instability problems caused by drilling fluid based on rheological and filtration properties. In this study, a comprehensive experimental work was carried out to assess suitability of fly ash and rice husk ash, which are quite a large amount of waste, in inhibitive water based-drilling fluids at ambient temperature. To this end, inhibitive drilling fluids systems were formulated with various concentrations (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12.5, 15 (wt%)) of fly ash and rice husk ash with 0, 2, 4, 7, 9, 12.5, 15 (wt%) concentrations in the two type of inhibitive drilling fluid systems and combined use of fly ash and rice husk ash with their optimum concentrations determined was analyzed in the inhibitive drilling fluid in order to determine the drilling fluid with the most favorable characteristics based on rheological and filtration properties including apparent viscosity (AV), plastic viscosity (PV), yield point (YP), gel strength, fluid loss and mud cake thickness. In addition, grinding impact of fly ash particles in the inhibitive drilling fluid system was determined in the development of the drilling fluid by employing mechanically ground fly ash for 30, 60 and 120 min in a tumbling ball mill. Finally, fly ash and rice husk ash were characterized based on X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Experimental results show that developed drilling fluids with fly ash and rice husk ash not only enhanced rheological properties but also improved the filtration properties by increasing the rheological parameters and decreasing fluid loss and mud cake thickness. With the developed drilling fluids, AV, YP and PV increased by 35%, 32%, 28%, respectively with fly ash for the 12.5 wt% concentration while the parameters increased by 19%, 27%, 14%, respectively with the 4 wt% rice husk ash. Gel strengths of the fluids slightly increased compared to reference fluid and were in acceptable range. On the other hand, developed drilling fluid resulted in a 10% and 12% reduction in fluid loss for fly ash and rice husk ash at 12.5 wt% and 4 wt% concentrations, respectively, as well as a 54% and 63% reduction in mud cake thickness. In addition, the results reveal that developed drilling fluid with sieved fly ash yielded superior flow behavior compared to drilling fluid formulated with ground forms of fly ash. Consequently, based on the study, non-damaging and inhibitive drilling fluid systems were developed by using waste material fly ash and rice husk ash, and hence enhancing performance of drilling operation as well as reducing the risk of amount of wastes disposed to the environment and the potential of issues such as formation damage, wellbore instability caused by drilling fluid and associated challenges.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions formation and demulsification

    Sousa, Ana M.Pereira, Maria J.Matos, Henrique A.
    18页
    查看更多>>摘要：In the petroleum industry, oil and water emulsions are frequent, not only in oilfield operations but also during the transportation and refining processes. Once depicting emulsion formation and stabilization, it is essential to analyse how it is possible to reverse the process, demulsifying the emulsion. Depending on operating conditions and fluid components, crude oils can form stable emulsions with water. In fact, some of the oil's compounds can act as natural surfactants, decreasing the interfacial tension between fluids, promoting emulsification. Several studies have been developed to analyse how the emulsification process occurs and how to demulsify them. However, the literature does not offer a systematic review of both methods. The current work is a critical review to highlight the energy input needed to promote the formation of an emulsion and the type of emulsifying agents necessary to enable the appearance of oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion. Secondly, this work also aims to review the state of the art of demulsification techniques applied in the oil industry. The result offers a robust background on this matter, discussing the demulsification methods, enabling a decision support perspective since it emphasizes their advantages and disadvantages.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Study on the penetration of strengthening material for deep-water weakly consolidated shallow formation

    Tian, LeijuBu, YuhuanGuo, ShenglaiLiu, Huajie...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Unformed-rock silt and sand are the main components of shallow formations in deep-water oil and gas wells. The formations are different from the perspective of mechanical performance of the cement sheath and often causes brittle failure. Improving the cement system or cement-formation interface strength is not sufficient to solve this problem. This study tested solid and liquid strengthening materials to increase the mechanical performance of weakly consolidated shallow formations and to minimize the performance difference with cement stone. The test of the groutability of superfine slag, cement, and epoxy resin indicated that waterborne epoxy resin system is the best choice. An annular simulation core was used to evaluate the penetration of the epoxy resin system. The simulation cementing experiment indicated that the viscosity of the ER (epoxy resin) slurry and the compression degree of the core negatively correlated with the permeate depth, while the grouting pressure exhibited positive correlation. The permeate depth can reach 11.8 mm under 0.1 MPa while the maximum was 21.7 mm at 0.4 MPa. A thin ER layer was formed between the cement sheath and the core after the ER slurry was cured, which increased the cement-formation interface strength by 22.18 %. Standard blocks showed that 5% of ER can increase the strength of unconsolidated clay to 2.17 MPa. SEM indicates that the ER filled part of the space between the particles of clay and consolidated them. The difference between standard blocks and core samples after treatment in SEM was low. The difference in mechanical performance between the cement stone and the weakly consolidated formation was narrowed after the formation was reinforced.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of wellbore irregularity on primary cementing of horizontal wells, Part 2: Small scale effects

    Sarmadi, P.Renteria, A.Thompson, C.Frigaard, I. A....
    20页
    查看更多>>摘要：Wellbore irregularities turn the narrow eccentric annulus of primary cementing into a fully three-dimensional (3D) flow geometry. Here we explore the effects of coupling the borehole geometry, reconstructed from high frequency caliper data, with 3D computations of the displacement flow. Displacement flows through circular boreholes with enlargements of varying depths and wavelengths tend to result in both enhanced secondary flows and in residual drilling mud. Short wavelength deep enlargements generally have larger percentage of residual mud. We then perform a frequency analysis of typical caliper data from Northwest Canada, showing that the borehole geometry may typically be reconstructed using the lowest 3-5 dominant frequencies. We present example computations of displacement flows through these geometries. Although the underlying dynamics are those of more uniform annuli, these computations do reveal in that small changes in geometric description can lead to noticeable changes in the displacement mechanics, especially in the fluid present at the walls of the annulus. The conclusion is that borehole irregularity can make a significant difference in cementing horizontal wells, which are anyway already troublesome.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Mechanistic modeling of hybrid low salinity polymer flooding: Role of geochemistry

    Al-Shalabi, Emad W.Alameri, WaleedHassan, Anas M.
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Low salinity polymer (LSP) based enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique is getting more attention due to its potential of improving both displacement and sweep efficiencies. Modeling LSP flooding is challenging due to the complicated physical processes and the sensitivity of polymers to brine salinity. In this study, a coupled numerical model has been implemented to allow investigating the polymer-brine-rock geochemical interactions associated with LSP flooding along with the flow dynamics. MATLAB Reservoir Simulation Toolbox (MRST) was coupled with the geochemical software IPhreeqc, which is the interface module of Phreeqc (i.e., pH-Redox-Equilibrium in C programming language). The effects of polymer were captured by considering Todd-Longstaff mixing model, inaccessible pore volume, permeability reduction, polymer adsorption as well as salinity and shear rate effects on polymer viscosity. Regarding geochemistry, the presence of polymer in the aqueous phase was considered by adding a new solution specie and related chemical reactions to Phreeqc database files. Thus, allowing for modeling the geochemical interactions related to the presence of polymer. Coupling the two simulators was successfully performed, verified, and validated through several case studies. The coupled MRST-IPhreeqc simulator allows for modeling a wide variety of geochemical reactions including aqueous, mineral precipitation/dissolution, and ion exchange reactions. Capturing these reactions allows for real time tracking of the aqueous phase salinity and its effect on polymer rheological properties. The coupled simulator was verified against Phreeqc for a realistic reactive transport scenario. Furthermore, the coupled simulator was validated through history matching a single-phase LSP coreflood from the literature. This paper provides an insight into the geochemical interactions between partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) and aqueous solution chemistry (salinity and hardness), and their related effect on polymer viscosity. This work is also considered as a base for future two-phase polymer solution and oil interactions, and their related effect on oil recovery.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    A hybrid partial least squares regression-based real time pore pressure estimation method for complex geological drilling process

    Chen, XiCao, WeihuaGan, ChaoWu, Min...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Accurate real-time estimation of pore pressure is essential for the geomechanical analysis of wellbore stability. Conventional empirical methods may find it difficult to capture pore pressure trends, especially in the complex geological environments. In this study, a data-driven pore pressure estimation method is developed on the basis of hybrid partial least squares regression. This method, which combines empirical methods, comprised three stages: data preprocessing, depth series segmentation, and model establishment and switching. First, concerning the existence of outliers and noises, an outlier detection and wavelet filtering algorithm are introduced to obtain reliable model parameters. Additionally, Pearson correlation-analysis is employed to determine strongly correlated attributes with pore pressure in the data preprocessing stage. Afterward, an online principal component analysis similarity method is proposed for depth series segmentation, considering the varying drilling depth. Finally, a real-time data-driven pore pressure estimation model that integrates conventional empirical methods is established on the basis of partial least squares regression, and a model switching strategy is further developed and will be activated when performance deteriorates. The proposed method can be applied to a wide range of formations, and a real case study is conducted using actual data from a drilling site in Utah. The mean absolute error and root mean square error of the proposed method achieve 0.5128 and 0.8056 in the online condition, and achieved 1.4592 and 2.0100 in the offline condition, which are at least 45% less than those of other nine well-known methods. The results indicate the superior performance of our method on this well.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    A novel hybrid recurrent convolutional network for surrogate modeling of history matching and uncertainty quantification

    Ma, XiaopengZhang, KaiZhang, JindingWang, Yanzhong...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Automatic history matching (AHM) has been widely studied in petroleum engineering due to it can provide reliable numerical models for reservoir development and management. However, AHM is still a challenging problem because it usually involves running a great deal of time-consuming numerical simulations during the solving process. To address this issue, this article studies a hybrid recurrent convolutional network (HRCN) model for surrogate modeling of numerical simulation used in AHM. The HRCN model is end-to-end trainable for predicting the well production data of high-dimensional parameter fields. In HRCN, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is first developed to learn the high-level spatial feature representations of the input parameter fields. Following that, a recurrent neural network (RNN) is constructed with the purpose of modeling complex temporal dynamics and predicting the production data. In addition, given that the fluctuations of production data are influenced by well control measures, the well control parameters are used as auxiliary inputs of RNN. Moreover, the proposed surrogate model is incorporated into a multimodal estimation of distribution algorithm (MEDA) to formulate a novel surrogate-based AHM workflow. The numerical studies performed on a 2D and a 3D reservoir model illustrate the performance of the proposed surrogate model and history matching workflow. Compared with the MEDA using only numerical simulations, the surrogate-based AHM workflow significantly reduces the computational cost.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Modified Johnson-Bossler-Naumann method to incorporate capillary pressure boundary conditions in drainage relative permeability estimation

    Almutairi, AbdulmajeedOthman, FaisalGe, JiachaoLe-Hussain, Furqan...
    23页
    查看更多>>摘要：A proposed modification of the Johnson-Bossler-Naumann (JBN) method incorporates capillary pressure at the inlet and outlet of a rock sample. The experimental runs are performed on Berea and Obernkriechner sandstone rock samples. Fluid is injected into Berea rock at capillary to viscous ratios 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 and into Obernkriechner rock at capillary to viscous ratios 0.05 and 0.25. Rock samples are initially saturated with 20 g/l NaCl water. The experimental observations are analyzed using classical JBN and our modified JBN. The latter's relative permeability curves are found to closely match those derived by applying history matching to a numerical model. This indicates that modified JBN can be used to provide an initial guess for history matching. We also show that accurate estimates of threshold capillary pressure are crucial to obtaining accurate oil relative permeability estimates. In contrast to those derived from the JBN method, modified JBN relative permeabilities are independent of capillary to viscous ratio or injection rate.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Rock cutting mechanism of special-shaped PDC cutter in heterogeneous granite formation

    Zhu, XiaohuaLuo, YunxuLiu, WeijiYang, Feilong...
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：Special-shaped Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) cutters show the superiority for improving rate of penetration (ROP) in hard abrasive formation drilling. However, few attentions have been paid on its geometric design and rock cutting mechanism. To deepen the understanding of special-shaped PDC (SPDC) cutter's rock-breaking mechanisms and provide a certain reference for the selection and application of SPDC cutters in the specific target formation, this paper firstly proposes two new principles (loading performance (LP) and cutting performance (CP)) as well as their evaluation indexes for evaluating the cutting process of cutters from the relationship between geometry, aggressiveness, stress state, working life, and rock cutting efficiency of SPDC cutters. Then, using gray-white granite as the research object, the finite element heterogeneous granite model, whose relative percentage error of all calibration quantities with experiment are less than 7%, based on Voronoi tessellation and the granite cutting model of 10 types cutters under confining pressure are established. Finally, the cutting results are discussed, and the CP of all cutters are evaluated. It's found that the ductile-brittle failure mode in the removal area and the influence region of cutting process determine the rock failure mode of SPDC cutters. The confining pressure has an inhibitory effect on rock cutting efficiency, it's because the high confining pressure leads to ductile dominated failure mode in removal area. The confining pressure weakens the LP and CP of cutters, but has no obvious effect on their stress distribution state. With the increasing of confining pressure, "ductile-plastic stick-slip cutting" effect is produced in the removal area. The conical-shaped cutter (whose CP coefficient is 4.3 x 10(-3) - 5.4 x 10(-3) N-1) and saddle-shaped cutter (whose CP coefficient is 3.4 x 10(-3) - 4.8 x 10(-3) N-1) are the optimal selection for heterogeneous granite formation. On the contrary, the three-blade cutter and cusp-shaped cutter are unsuitable for heterogeneous granite formation. This research leads to an enhanced understanding of rock-breaking mechanisms of SPDC cutters, and provides the basis to select of SPDC cutters for the specific target formation.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Prevention of hematite settling using perlite in water-based drilling fluid

    Basfar, SalemAl Jaberi, JaberElkatatny, SalaheldinBageri, Badr S....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：The stability of the weighting materials in the high-density water-based drilling fluid was remarked as a serious issue to be controlled. It can cause several problems including formation fracturing, circulation loss, well control issues, etc. The usage of an anti-sagging chemical as a drilling additive is one of the sagging mitigation methods. In this study, amorphous volcanic alumina silicate (perlite) was evaluated as an anti-sag additive for hematite water-based drilling fluid. Several experiments were conducted to assess the perlite efficiency including static and dynamic sag test, mud properties measurements such as filtration behavior, filter cake properties, rheological and viscoelastic behavior. The tests were conducted at elevated temperature (250 degrees F). Perlite concentration was varied from 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 lb/bbl. The obtained results showed that the loaded perlite was able to improve the mud stability and eliminate the sagging under static and dynamic issues at an optimum concentration of 4 1b/bb1. In term of filtration properties, there was an obvious improvement that could be observed through the reduction of filtration volume with 50% and filter cake thickness. In addition, the perlite contacting drilling fluid was able to form a thin and dense filter cake layer. The filter cake porosity and permeability were decreased by 24% and 68%, respectively. The rheological and viscoelastic behaviors were improved as well by the addition of perlite.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier