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Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering
Elsevier Science B.V.
Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering

Elsevier Science B.V.

0920-4105

Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering/Journal Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering
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    The combined effect of fluid rheology, inner pipe rotation and eccentricity on the flow of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid through the annuli

    Salubi, VokeMahon, RuisseinOluyemi, Gbenga
    32页
    查看更多>>摘要：The accurate prediction of the fluid dynamics and hydraulics of the axial or helical flow of non-Newtonian drilling fluids in the annuli is essential for the determination and effective management of wellbore pressure during drilling operations. Previous studies have shown that the pressure losses and fluid velocity distributions in the annuli are highly influenced by the rheological properties of the fluid, inner pipe rotary speed and eccen-tricity. However, many studies in literature have developed or applied theoretical models that were either only valid for Newtonian annuli flows or have not considered the combined effect of the fluid rheological parameters with the inner pipe rotary speed and eccentricity when calculating the frictional annuli pressure losses for non-Newtonian shear thinning fluids. Furthermore, there have been inconsistencies in the description of the effect of inner pipe rotation on the pressure losses experienced for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian flows in concentric and eccentric annuli. In this study, an analytical and numerical approach were carried out to investigate and evaluate the hydrodynamic behaviour of the axial and helical isothermal flow of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids through the annuli. Techniques of computational fluid dynamics for fully developed steady-state fluid flow were applied to obtain detailed information of the flow field in the annuli. New analytical and numerical models were developed to obtain the fluid velocity and viscosity field distribution and determine the frictional pressure gradient for laminar and turbulent flows in the concentric and eccentric annuli with and without inner pipe rotation and were compared and validated favourably with models previously presented in literature. Results showed that for a fully developed flow of non-Newtonian shear thinning fluids, if the fluid flowrate is kept constant, an increase in inner pipe rotation leads to a decrease in the axial frictional pressure gradient when the pipe is rotating on its axis. For annuli flows of non-Newtonian fluids, the effect of inner pipe rotation on the axial pressure gradient is dependent on the fluid flowrate and at high fluid flowrates, the in-fluence of the inner pipe rotation on the fluid hydraulics decreases. In general, for shear thinning non-Newtonian fluids, pipe rotation can improve the fluid flow in the region of lower flow in the eccentric annuli. Unlike the flow of Newtonian fluids through the annuli, the friction geometry parameter and thus the friction factor is highly influenced by the rheological parameters of the fluid, the fluid flowrate, inner pipe rotary speed and eccentricity.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Oleic acid-coated magnetic particles for removal of oil from produced water

    Kirkebaek, BastianSimoni, GustavLankveld, IngridPoulsen, Martin...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Efficient removal of residual oil from produced water (PW) is a challenging but crucial task to meet the increasingly stringent environmental regulations. The current study presents lab-made magnetite particles coated with different amounts of oleic acid (OA) as an efficient and environment-friendly solution for the removal of low concentrations of oil from PW. Performance of the particles in oil removal experiments was studied as a function of the coating factor, adsorption time, oil to the particle concentration ratio and concentrations of emulsifier and salt. Furthermore, reusability of the particles after regeneration through solvent washing and centrifugation was studied. It was observed that the oil removal efficiency of the particles improves by increasing the OA coating factor up to 32 and decreases thereafter. Increasing oil to the particle concentration ratio boosted oil removed per unit time as well as the final oil removal efficiency. Salinity alone did not disturb the oil removal efficiency of the particles whereas oil adsorption efficiency was negatively affected due to the presence of emulsifier alone or in combination with the salinity. Adsorption of oil on the particles followed a Freundlich isotherm model and the kinetic was described by the pseudo-second-order model. Solvent washing completely restored the performance of the particles and was found to be more effective than centrifugation. It was concluded that the proposed particles offer a promising and highly efficient solution for the removal of residual oil from PW.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of shear on development characteristics of organic matter pores in shale: A case study of shale in the Niutitang Formation of the well XAD1

    Yu, YuxiWang, ZongxiuZhang, KaixunFeng, Xingqiang...
    17页
    查看更多>>摘要：The development characteristics of organic matter pores (OMPs) in shales is fundamental to the gas-bearing property of the shales. Detachment is one of the most common types of structural deformation in shale formations. To investigate the characteristics of OMPs in shear-deformed shale and the associated effects on the pore structure of shale gas reservoir, two sets of detachment zones and the intercalated non-detachment zone of shale formations in the Niutitang Formation of the Well XAD1 are studied. Based on scanning electron microscope observations and low-pressure gas adsorption tests, the impacts of shear on the shale pore structure are evaluated quantitively and the deformation mechanism for OMPs in shale is established. Results indicate that the dominant pore type of shale in the Niutitang Formation of the Well XAD1 is OMPs. With the mineral rheology, organic matters are enriched in the clay gouge, which are more prone to shear deformation compared with those outside the gouge. Under shear, pores developed within the organic matter experienced directional elongation and compression, decreasing the pore sizes and lowering the volumes of the corresponding pores 30 nm; and the contact surface between organic matter and minerals becomes dislocated and open, increasing the volumes of the corresponding pores 30 nm. The effect of shear on OMPs is dominated by pore reduction. The volume loss ratio of shale micropores in detachment zones is the highest which can reach over 90%. The impact of shear on pore structures of non-detachment zone cannot be neglected within the thickness range of 5-20 m from the detachment surface, and the degree of pore reduction gradually decreases as the distance from the detachment zones increases. It is indicated that the detachment and its adjacent horizons are not favorable for shale gas exploration because of the low porosity and adsorption capacity.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Stable foam systems for improving oil recovery under high-temperature and high-salt reservoir conditions

    He, GangLi, HuabinGuo, ChengfeiLiao, Jianjun...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Foams have high apparent viscosity when flowing in porous media, therefore foam flooding could significantly improve unfavorable mobility ratios, increase sweep efficiency, and enhance oil recovery. However, the applications of foam flooding in high-temperature and high-salt reservoirs are seriously restricted as foam systems often have inferior foamability and stability in these reservoirs. In this study, to improve foam flooding effectiveness in high-temperature and high-salt reservoirs, novel foam systems with excellent stability and plugging capacity are developed by combining surfactants, additives, and polymers. The performance of bulk foam, physical properties of the solutions, and properties of foam systems in core-flow experiments are investigated to determine the synergistic effects among the components of the foam systems and their foamability and plugging effect in cores. In foam systems with sodium alcohol ether sulfate (AES) and dodecylhydroxypropyl sulfobetaine (DHSB) as surfactants, and dodecanol as additive, the combination of the components makes surface tension decreased and surface dilatational modulus increased, therefore the foamability and stability of the systems are improved. The results of core-flow experiments under high-temperature and high-salt conditions show that these combined systems require low injection rate for foam generation in reservoirs, which is beneficial for foam regeneration in reservoirs. Moreover, to further improve the foam performance, a hydrophobically associating water-soluble polymer (HAWP) is employed. The interactions between HAWP and the surfactants reduce the critical association concentration of HAWP, and result in the increase of solution apparent viscosity and foam stability. The results of core-flow experiments under high-temperature and high-salt conditions show that polymer-enhanced foam systems could significantly increase the sealing pressure, widen the sealing permeability range, and deal with the gas-channeling problem of foam flooding. These foam systems could provide a potential technical pathway for improving the effectiveness of foam flooding in high-temperature and high-salt reservoirs.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Coal permeability prediction method based on the microscopic pore-fracture dual-porosity structure

    Ni, HongyangLiu, JiangfengChen, TaoChen, Shaojie...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：To better understand the effect of the pore-fracture dual-porosity structure on the coal permeability, the methods for calculating the pore size distribution as well as the fracture width distribution based on the Euclidean distance map function were given first. On this basis, a permeability estimation model considering pore-fracture structure was derived. Then, the pore-fracture structure and permeability of coal samples were quantitatively analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). By considering the pore size distribution and fracture width distribution characteristics separately, the complex pore structure of the coal sample can be more clearly defined. We found that both pores and fractures have their own distribution characteristics, but due to the effect of resolution, there is some influence in quantifying the minimum size distribution, especially in quantifying the pore size distribution. In predicting the permeability, the direct calculation using the pore and fracture size distribution is significantly larger than the experimental results (1.18 x 10(-)(14) m(2) vs. 6.9 x 10(-16) m(2) (measured) for the A1 and 1.22 x 10(-)(14) m(2) vs. 8.1 x 10 -16 m(2) (measured) for the A2 at x 1000 magnification). However, by further considering the effect of tortuosity, more accurate prediction results can be obtained (1.14 x 10(-16) m(2) for the A1 and 1.22 x 10(-15) m(2) for the A2 at x 1000 magnification). Fractures occupy less space, but they would cause higher permeability. The method proposed in the current study can be further applied to quantify the pore-fracture structure and permeability characteristics in microgeology.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    A physics-informed deep convolutional neural network for simulating and predicting transient Darcy flows in heterogeneous reservoirs without labeled data

    Zhang, Zhao
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：The physics-informed neural network (PINN) is a general deep learning framework for simulating physical processes and surrogate modeling without labeled data. The basic idea is to formulate the loss function according to the governing PDEs such that the neural network (NN) can be trained to minimize the PDE residual along with other misfits such as initial and boundary conditions. Following PINN, various networks have been developed for simulating steady and transient flows with or without labeled data. However, according to literature review, it is still not clear how to use NNs to simulate transient Darcy flows in highly heterogeneous reservoir models with source/sink terms in the absence of labeled data. In the current study, a physics informed deep convolutional neural network (PIDCNN) architecture for simulating and predicting such flows is presented. Convolutional neural network is found to be more efficient than fully-connected neural network since 2D variables can be regarded as images. The finite volume discretization scheme is adopted to build the loss function to approximate the PDE residual such that flux continuity between neighboring cells of different properties can be implemented conveniently using the two-point flux approximation. Test cases are used to show that PIDCNN can accurately simulate transient Darcy flows in homogeneous and heterogeneous reservoirs. Further, it is demonstrated that PIDCNN can be trained as a surrogate to predict the transient flow fields of reservoir models not included in training. In addition, the CNN structure in the current study can be trained as a surrogate with labels for a particular output for better accuracy. A workflow is presented to demonstrate that CNN can be trained as an accurate surrogate for production rates using labels generated by the PIDCNN-based solver such that the entire workflow is external-label-free.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Dew point pressure of gas condensates, modeling and a comprehensive review on literature data

    Mirzaie, MohsenEsfandyari, HamidTatar, Afshin
    17页
    查看更多>>摘要：The accurate and in-time prediction of gas condensates dew point pressure (PDew) is of great importance regarding the technical and economic points of view for fluid characterization, reservoir performance calculations, planning the development of gas condensate reservoirs, and design and optimization of production systems. Although the laboratory tests provide the most accurate and reliable results, it is an expensive and timeconsuming process sometimes associated with some errors. Artificial intelligence-based methods have emerged as promising tools in different aspects of engineering. In this study, after a thorough analysis of the gas condensate data samples, the application of different intelligent modeling is investigated. A databank of 721 data samples is gathered, and different intelligent methods approaches are used for modeling. The results of three different data mining methods are combined using Committee Machine Intelligent Systems (CMIS) in an attempt to receive more accurate results. Three different methods of arithmetic, geometric, and harmonic approaches are utilized to develop the CMIS model. It was concluded that the harmonic CMIS yields the best predictions by average absolute relative deviation (AARD) and R2 values of 3.456% and 0.9702, respectively. This novel CMIS model could successfully outperform all the developed initial models. Additionally, a literature review showed that the proposed model could outperform the previously published models including artificial intelligence, equation of state, and correlation-based method considering both prediction accuracy and data coverage.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Evaluation of circulating temperature in wellbores using drilling microchips: Modeling and case studies

    Dokhani, VahidLi, BodongGooneratne, ChinthakaZhan, Guodong...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Using cost-effective drilling microchips to collect real-time temperature distribution while drilling is advantageous to accurately predict the variation of drilling fluid density and rheological parameters in wellbore. This study introduces a methodology for analysis of measured temperature of drilling microchips. Multiple sets of drilling microchips were deployed into two wells to measure the distribution of circulating temperature in tubular and annular space. An iterative algorithm is developed to calibrate the time-scale of drilling microchips to depth-scale considering variable pump rates, transit times and slippage of drilling microchips. A transient thermal model is modified to simulate the variation of wellbore temperature during circulation of tracers. It is shown that the velocity of tracers in each interval depends on the flow regime and rheological properties of drilling fluid. Comparing the predicted and actual transit times of tracers, it is realized that the maximum fluid velocity in each interval is a better choice to represent the velocity of tracers. It is shown that predictions of the transient model strongly depend on temperature distribution of the wellbore prior to deployment of tracers. This study provides new insights about the temperature distribution in wellbore while drilling and elaborates on the necessity to address the transient processes particularly during startups in wells with critical downhole conditions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Structural controls on sandstone compaction within the anticline crest and flank: An example from the Xihu Sag, East China Sea Basin

    Wang, WenguangLin, ChengyanZhang, XianguoLin, Jianli...
    20页
    查看更多>>摘要：The tight sandstones of the fourth (E3h4) and fifth (E3h5) members of the Oligocene Huagang (E3h) Formation in the Xihu Sag of the East China Sea Basin are feldspar lithic quartzose, which are ideal for the investigation of compaction. Based on routine core analysis, petrology, fluid inclusions, and compaction numerical simulation, this study investigated the compaction characteristics, porosity evolution, and high-value porosity area of tight sandstone on a structural anticline two-dimensional (2D) profile. The textural characteristics of the sandstones are moderately well sorted and are generally subangular-subrounded. The E3h4 and E3h5 sandstones on the crest of the anticline develop primary intergranular pores, whereas these sandstones on the flank develop a small amount of primary intergranular pores. The contact types between quartz grains on the anticline crest were mainly tangential, long, and concavo-convex contacts, whereas the contact types between quartz grains on the flank were primarily long, concavo-convex, and sutured contacts. The duration age of the mechanical compaction (MEC) porosity loss of sandy conglomerate (SC), fine-grained sandstone (FS), and medium-grained sandstone (MS) in the E3h4 and E3h5 members ranged from 27 Ma to 7 Ma. The onset of the chemical compaction (CHC) of the E3h4 and E3h5 sandstones were between 10.2 Ma and 10.6 Ma, respectively. Based on similar grain size, mineral composition, and sorting, the degree of the MEC of the E3h4 and E3h5 sandstones on the crest of the anticline is less than that of the flank due to burial depth. The distribution ranges of the MEC porosity loss were 21.92%-26.02% and 22.31%-26.43% for the E3h4 on the anticline crest and flank and 26.74%-27.26% for the E3h5 on the flank, respectively. By integrating similar burial time and clay minerals, the degree of the CHC of the E3h4 and E3h5 sandstones on the crest of the anticline is less than that of the flank due to reservoir temperature. The distribution ranges of the CHC porosity loss were 0.41%-1.05% and 0.44%-1.02% for the E3h4 on the anticline crest and flank and 0.48%-0.91% for the E3h5 on the flank, respectively. During the Late Miocene Longjing movement, the CHC porosity loss ranged from 0.15% to 0.4%. The study results show that the sandstone with porosity between 9% and 11% is distributed sporadically in E3h4 and E3h5, whereas the sandstone with porosity between 6% and 9% is distributed in contiguous pieces. The formation of high-value porosity areas is mainly due to the coarser grain size, shallower burial depth, chlorite coat, underdeveloped illite, lower reservoir temperature, and slight overpressure.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effect of resin as a surface active agent (natural surfactant) on the interfacial tension of high and low salinity solutions prepared by chloride-based salts

    Pejmannia, ShahramHosseini, SeyednooroldinAkhlaghi, Naser
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Unfortunately, since crude oil is comprised of thousands of complex components, it is hard to extract a generalized conclusion for the effect of salinities on the interface phenomenon. So, it seems applicable if any investigation performs regarding the interactions between each component of the crude oil especially resin (known as natural surfactants), and the salinities. In this way, this study is designed to find the effect of resin fraction (with a concentration of 1-8 % wt) extracted from a crude oil and salinities including NaCl, MgCl2, KCl, and CaCl2 in the range of low and high salinity (0-45,000 ppm). The measured IFT values revealed that as the resin is dissolved in the toluene, IFT reduces compared with the toluene solution contains no resin. Besides, the results reveal that as the resin concentration increases from 1 % wt to 4 % wt, the IFT reduction is more evident in the overall viewpoint although the IFT reduction is different for each salt and even reduces if the resin concentration increases to 8 %wt. So, it seems that there is a shifting value for the resin concentration (which is about 4 %wt) which leading to the lowest IFT values or the highest IFT reduction effect. Moreover, the inspections reveal that for the low resin concentration (1 %wt), CaCl2 leading to the best IFT reduction behavior while for resin concentration of 4 %wt, KCl leading to the best IFT reduction behavior.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier