期刊,Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering 2022年214卷期_国家学术搜索

期刊信息/Journal information

Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering

Elsevier Science B.V.

主办单位：Elsevier Science B.V.

国际刊号：0920-4105

Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering/Journal Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering

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Design and test of azimuthal transmitting sonde for acoustic logging

Junqiang LuXiaodong JuBaiyong Men

11页

查看更多>>摘要：A transmitting sonde for acoustic logging is proposed, which can realize downhole azimuthal measurement. The phased arc array and the linear phased array are combined to form a combined phased arc array. We can take advantage of the directivity characteristics of the phased arc array and linear phased array. The horizontal directivity can be adjusted by controlling the excitation phase of each element in the arc array, and the vertical directivity can be adjusted by controlling the excitation phase between adjacent arc array loops on the axis, At the same time, the intensity of useful signals radiated by sound sources is increased. The working principle of the combined phased arc array is analyzed, and the structure of the acoustic sonde is put forward. The transmitting electronic circuits are integrated with the transmitting transducer array in the acoustic sonde, and an active transmitting module is formed. The excitation electronic system generates high voltage pulses, the excitation pulse width and delay of each transducer element can be precisely controlled, and the vibration polarity can also be easily changed. Laboratory tests show that the ratio of the peak-to-peak value of the sound pressure of single array element, phased array, and combined phased arc array is approximately 1: 2.22: 8.34, which indicates that the sound pressure peak value of the transmitting sonde is obviously increased. The 3 dB angle width of the main lobe of the sound beam is between 54 and 60° in the horizontal plane, and it has a better azimuthal resolution. In the vertical plane, the main lobe of the sound beam is deflected under the control of the phase delay time, the 3 dB angle width of the sound beam is about 13°, and the radiation beam in the axial direction has a good focusing effect. Field tests show that the sonde can predict the circumferential anisotropy of the borehole formation.

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Experimental investigation on the shale's time-dependent microphysical characteristics under the fluid-shale interaction

Yu ChenQiang GaoHan Cao

12页

查看更多>>摘要：The long-term fracturing process will affect the shale's microphysical characteristics. In this paper, under the fluid-shale interaction with different duration, the evolutions of shale's minerals, pore structure, brittleness, as well as the ions of fluids are investigated. The results show that, as the interaction proceeding, the shale's typical minerals experienced a resolution and regeneration process, while the ions concentration of the fracturing fluid shows negatively correlated with the that of minerals correspondingly. The evolutions of shale's pore volume and the specific surface area show opposite changing trends, which indicates that time-dependent micropore is characterized as dissolution first and then filling. Finally, the shale's time-dependent brittleness model is developed based on the minerals' evolution. These findings will provide a new insight for the optimization of hydraulic fracturing design based on shale's dynamic microphysical characteristics.

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Structure characteristics and evolution mechanism of oil sands bitumen at Karamay, Xinjiang(China)

Qing WangChunxia JiaZhichao Wang

8页

查看更多>>摘要：The chemical structure largely influences the composition and distribution of pyrolysis products. Investigating the objective rules of structural characteristics and pyrolysis reactions of oil sands bitumen can enhance the knowledge of the pyrolysis reaction mechanism. This paper carried out the extensive experimental character, ization of the chemical structure of Karamay oil sands bitumen (KBS) in Xinjiang, China. Then, the thermal evolution mechanism of the chemical structure of KBS was investigated by focusing on the thermogravimetric analysis and combining the characterization results of KBS at different pyrolysis final temperatures. The results show that the pyrolysis of KBS belonged to a parallel reaction. On one hand, aliphatic groups, as the main, structure, undergo thermal cracking reactions to produce light oil. The oxygen-containing functional groups contributed to the production of CO and C02. On the other hand, the aromatic structure, which has a high degree of condensation and high tightness, would condense into a more challenging to decompose coke during pyrolysis. Meanwhile, pyridinic was condensed into quaternary at this stage. The hydroxyl group in the oxygen-containing functional group structure was present in the coke due to its better thermal stability. Finally, the paper proposed the pyrolysis reaction path for the chemical structure of KBS.

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Self adaptive denoising net: Self-supervised learning for seismic migration artifects and random noise attenuation

Hao WuBo ZhangNaihao Liu

11页

查看更多>>摘要：Seismic noise attenuation is essential for seismic interpretation and reservoir characterization. Recently, many researchers have applied convolutional neural network (CNN) to attenuate seismic noise. We propose a novel self-supervised CNN based approach to attenuate seismic random noise and migration artifacts simultaneously, termed as self-adaptive denoising net (SaDN). In tills approach, we modify the loss-function of denoising CNN (DnCNN) based on the assumption that the synthetic noise with mixed Gaussian-Poisson distribution can simulate random noise and migration artifact. Moreover, we develop a new framework for the training and testing procedure. By adding the synthetic noise to seismic data, we can use the proposed CNN model to learn the characteristic of signal-dependent noise. The additive signal-dependent noise is self-adapted to the original seismic data according to the statistical property. Then, the well-trained SaDN model is applied to the original 3D seismic survey to recognize and extract the original random noise and migration artifact. The SaDN is training in the original seismic data with synthetic noise and testing in the same targeting seismic data without synthetic noise. Besides, our method does not require other denoising method for preprocessing in the training data. Thus, our proposed SaDN can be trained in a self-supervised way and adapted to different field data. Different experiments have been tested and compare with the method of CWT to illustrate the robustness and superiority of our proposed SaDN. The experiment results indicate that our proposed SaDN is able to remove the seismic random noise and migration artifacts without harming the effective signal.

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The geochemical characteristics of the Paleogene lacustrine source rock and Cenozoic oil in the eastern Huanghekou Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China: An oil-source rock correlation

Xiaodong LanHao Liu

15页

查看更多>>摘要：Oil source correlations were conducted through bulk carbon isotope composition, source-related biomarkers, and maturity-related parameters to characterize the differences between two Paleogene lacustrine source rocks the Shahejie third (ES3) and fourth (Es4) members, utilizing seven Cenozoic crude oils. ES3 is dominated by type II_1 sapropel kerogen, and Es4 is dominated by type II2 humic kerogen. The Es4 source rock has high gammacerane content, low Pr/Ph, high C_(30) steranes, high dinosteranes, and low β-/γ- and α-/γ-methyltrimethyltridecylchroman (MTTC), indicating a transgression in a saline lake during sedimentation. The low abundance of short-chain n-alkanes, high carbon peak number, abundant perylene, cadalene, and retene indicate that the Es4 input included significant amounts of fems and gymnosperms. In contrast, the Es3 source rock was deposited in a moderately deep freshwater lake and had relatively more angiosperm and algal input with high oleanane to C_(30) hopane and high 1,2,7-/1,2,6- trimethylnaphthalene (TMN) ratios. The oils have relatively high sulfur content except oil O1. The larger population of oils were derived from the Es4 system, and were mixed with the low sulfur oil produced by ES3. The oil maturity parameters are generally higher than those seen in the two source where sampled, indicating that the oils were generated from source kitchens of higher thermal maturity in the east and south. The results of this study will contribute to the understanding of the evolution of Paleogene sedimentary environments and regional oil and gas exploration.

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Experimental investigation on the SiO2 nanoparticle foam system characteristics and its advantages in the heavy oil reservoir development

Zihan GuTeng LuZhaomin Li

18页

查看更多>>摘要：In order to explore the influence characteristics of SiO2 nanoparticles on the SDS foam flooding in the heavy oil reservoir, in this work, CMC was used as the dividing boundary to prepare foams with different concentrations of nanoparticles and surfactants. Through experiments, the influence laws of nanoparticles on the foam were discussed, and the development process of foam flooding was simulated to study the influence mechanisms of nanoparticles and surfactant concentration on foam flooding. The results showed that the nanoparticles endowed the foams with rigidity, increased the viscosity, reduced the drainage velocity and interfacial energy, and optimized the half-life and viscoelastic modulus of the foam. These changes made the foam structure denser with better strength and stability, equipped it with better pore plugging ability and displacement mobility ratio, which optimized sweep efficiency while generating larger displacement pressure differentials. Finally, the heavy oil recovery rate of nanoparticle foam flooding reached more than 62%, which was much better than those of SDS foam flooding and water flooding. In addition, due to the synergistic effect of surfactants and nanoparticles, foam and heavy oil formed the foamy oil emulsion during the development process, which improved the oil mobility and further optimized the displacement mobility ratio. This emulsification mechanism reduced the heavy oil development difficulty, which was the key that foam flooding was superior to water flooding in the field of heavy oil development.

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A novel dynamic reserve evaluation method by division between oil and water in isolated fractured-caved carbonate reservoirs

Qi ZhangYong LiDaigang Wang

12页

查看更多>>摘要：Discrete reservoirs are commonly seen in fractured-caved carbonate reservoirs. The effect of cyclic huff-n-puff in single well and water flooding in well group is varied for different wells. Some wells fail in water injection stimulation due to unforeseen high water cut. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the displacing potential of water injection after its start and adjust the development strategy in time. The oil volume and water volume an required to be distinguished from the drainage pore volume of an isolated reservoir besides the conventional dynamic reserve evaluation. Based on the material balance principle, a mathematical model for dynamic reserve evaluation is established considering the volume ratio of oil and water. Then controlling equation describing the relationship between pressure recovery and water volume ratio in reservoir is combined with boundary conditions at time nodes before and after water injection to numerically solve the model. The dynamic reserve of crude oil and water can be accurately concluded to deepen the understanding of oil-water distribution characteristic in fractured-caved reservoirs. The method has been proved to meet the actual production after the application in Halahatang Oilfield in Tarim Basin, providing a reliable potential estimation for subsequent recovery enhancement measures.

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Multigroup strategy for well control optimization

Zhiwei MaOleg VolkovLouis J. Durlofsky

13页

查看更多>>摘要：Practical production optimization often involves determining a large number of well control settings such that an objective function is maximized or minimized. When derivative-free population-based optimization algorithms are applied for these high-dimensional problems, inefficient performance or slow convergence can be observed. In this work, we develop a multigroup optimization strategy to mitigate these issues. The first step of the method entails the ranking of decision variables based on their statistical significance, as observed during a short preprocessing optimization run. Variable groupings are then established. Group-by-group optimization, in which only a subset of decision variables is considered at each stage, is then conducted. As a final step, additional (limited) iterations with the full set of variables are performed. Particle swarm optimization (PSO), a global stochastic search method, is applied in this study, though the multigroup treatment is compatible with a range of algorithms. Detailed performance comparisons between multigroup strategies and standard optimization are presented for a model based on the 3D Brugge case. The problem involves 64 wells and 320 decision variables. The multigroup optimization framework includes several algorithmic parameters, and the use of different settings for these is shown to provide a range of promising procedures. Specifically, one such multigroup treatment requires 72% of the flow simulations of standard optimization, but it provides a final net present value (NPV) that is 2.6% higher than that from standard optimization. Another procedure provides essentially the same NPV as standard optimization but with only 40% of the flow simulations. The multigroup framework developed in this study can be extended to treat other challenging high-dimensional problems such as field development optimization.

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Lithologic classification of pyroclastic rocks: A case study for the third member of the Huoshiling Formation, Dehui fault depression, Songliao Basin, NE China

Jian ZhouBo LiuMingli Shao

11页

查看更多>>摘要：With the ongoing discovery of volcanic oil and gas reservoirs, pyroclastic rocks have begun to attract widespread attention from both the academic and industrial sectors. Because there is more information about the cementation mode and the grain size in the Chinese classification system for pyroclastic rocks than there is in the system used throughout the rest of the world, we use the Chinese classification system to investigate the lithologies of the pyroclastic rocks in our study area. The three cementation modes dictate the three classes of pyroclastic rock: pyroclastic lava, normal pyroclastic rock, and sedimentary pyroclastic rock. Within these three modes, pyroclastic rocks are further classified by their clastic material grain size into agglomerate, breccia, and tuff. If the pyroclastic material is moved by aeolian transport, it tends to follow the positive sedimentation cycle sequence. In this study, we classify the pyroclastic rocks from the third member of the Huoshiling Formation (Fm) in the Dehui fault depression in the southern Songliao Basin. Draw the cross plots of pyroclastic lava, normal pyroclastic rock and sedimentary pyroclastic rock in the study area. Based on core date, fullbore micro-resistivity images (FMIs), and thin section analyses, we determine the mineral composition, particle size, and cementation mode of breccia bearing tuff lava, tuff lava, breccia bearing welded tuff, volcanic breccia, breccia bearing tuff, tuff, sedimentary volcanic breccia, and sedimentary tuff. Our results indicate that the decision tree method does not require all of the input curves to identify a given sample's lithology. We also found that adding more data to a support vector machine (SVM) does not necessarily translate into more accurate classification results. This classification is undertaken using two different techniques: a combination of elemental capture spectroscopy (ECS) cross plots and FMI and a SVM learning algorithm with information derived from node information in a decision tree. Ultimately, the results produced by the SVM algorithm are more accurate (recognition accuracy of 98.6%) than those generated by the ECS/FMI approach. Furthermore, the SVM algorithm requires less data and operates very efficiently. Using data from multiple wells allows for better and more rapid identification of the lithology type in the target layer; large observational or training datasets provide a strong foundation for further reservoir evaluation.

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Knudsen diffusion in pore-scale water-bearing shales: modelling and case study

Xiaoliang HuangFei MoZhilin Qi

8页

查看更多>>摘要：Gas diffusivity in shales is significantly affected by water. However studies on the model of diffusion coefficient for water-bearing shales are very limited. In this work, we proposed a model to calculate the Knudsen gas diffusion coefficient at the presence of water in shale nanopores. This model was used to study the gas diffusivity in a real shale pore structure composed of both organic pores and inorganic pores at different water saturations. The model was also utilized to analyze the sensitivity of the Knudsen diffusion coefficient on a variety of factors. Results indicate that the existence of water drastically reduces the Knudsen diffusion in shales. When water saturation increases from 10% to 50%, gas concentration in inorganic pores rises by 53.7%. This effect can happen both in organic pores and inorganic pores due to pore connectivity. Water in inorganic pores can transport into organic pores and hinders gas diffusion in organic pores. The sensitivity study demonstrates that the increase of temperature, pore radius and porosity can lead to the rise of Knudsen diffusion coefficient. Inversely, the increase of tortuosity induces the decrease of the Knudsen diffusion coefficient. The pore wall roughness also affects the Knudsen diffusion coefficient. The rough wall surface contributes to a lower Knudsen diffusion coefficient compared with the smooth wall surface.

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NSTL