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Minerals & Metallurgical Processing
Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration
Minerals & Metallurgical Processing

Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration

0747-9182

Minerals & Metallurgical Processing/Journal Minerals & Metallurgical ProcessingSCIISTP
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    A strategy to accelerate the bioleaching of chalcopyrite through the goethite process

    Huang, X.Zhao, H.Zhang, Y.Liao, R....
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：Theoretically, controlling redox potential to a relatively low value and inhibiting jarosite formation on the chalcopyrite surface would be an effective strategy to accelerate the bioleaching of chalcopyrite. In this work, using limonite as seed crystals, the effects of the goethite precipitation process on the bioleaching of chalcopyrite were studied for the first time. The bioleaching results showed that the addition of limonite controlled the redox potential in an appropriate range and promoted chalcopyrite dissolution through the removal of ferric (Fe3+) ions. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope analyses indicate that limonite significantly induced the goethite precipitation process and inhibited the production of jarosite. We conclude that promoting the goethite precipitation process with limonite is an effective strategy in accelerating the bioleaching process of chalcopyrite.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Soc Mining Metallurgy Exploration Inc

    Bioleaching of electrolytic manganese residue by silicate bacteria, and optimization of parameters during the leaching process

    Lv, Y.Li, J.Ye, H.Xu, Z....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) is a kind of industrial solid waste with high silicon content that contains harmful metal elements such as chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co). Developing a highly effective and environmentally friendly process to treat EMR is important, both for the reutilization of metal resources and for environmental sustainability. In this study, the bioleaching of available silicon from EMI? using silicate bacteria is investigated, with flask experiments conducted to optimize the parameters in the bioleaching system. For metal ions, the concentrations of manganese (Mn), Co, Ni and Pb in solution were measured to determine the environmental safety effects before and after bioleaching. The results show that the bioleaching rates of available silicon in the slag were mainly affected by the temperature, pH and pulp density. Under the optimal conditions of temperature of 30 degrees C, pH of 7.0, pulp density of 5 percent, shake flask rotational speed of approximately 210 rpm, particle size of approximately 0.150 mm and leaching time of 16 d, the concentrations of available silicon in the bioleaching system rose to approximately 110 to 140 mg/L. The metals remaining in the residues were mainly bonded in stable fractions, with concentrations lower in the leachate after bioleaching. This study demonstrates that silicate bacteria can be used to increase the contents of available silicon from EMR, and that bioleaching technology can realize the harmless resource utilization of EMR.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Soc Mining Metallurgy Exploration Inc

    Biosolubilization of rock phosphates in a bioreactor using a microbial consortium from rhizospheric soils: An analysis of the microbial community and technical feasibility

    Xiao, C.Wang, Q.Feng, B.Xu, G....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：In recent years, the biosolubilization of rock phosphates by phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms has become a major topic of research studies. However, the microorganisms used in previous studies were mostly single and known species, and studies seldom focused on mixed communities of microorganisms or microbial consortia from natural environments. In this study, a microbial consortium from rhizospheric soil was used to solubilize two different compositions of medium- to low-grade rock phosphates - designated as ore samples 1 and 2 - in a laboratory-scale bioreactor. The microbial consortium showed good growth in the bioreactor, reduced the suspension pH and released soluble phosphates from the ores. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed the action of the microbial consortium on the ore surface. There was considerable corrosion on the ore surface, and 3.42 and 4.93 percent of the element phosphorus was removed from ore samples 1 and 2, respectively. Microorganisms were sampled from the bioreactor for the analysis of their community structures by Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing. The analysis show that the suspensions added with different ore samples had different microbial diversities and richness. This study provides new insight into the biosolubilization of rock phosphates by a microbial consortium directly taken from rhizospheric soils.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Soc Mining Metallurgy Exploration Inc

    Dissolution mechanisms of elemental sulfur during biooxidation of a refractory high-sulfur gold concentrate

    Yang, H. Y.Tong, L. L.Huang, S. T.Song, Y....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：For gold recovery, a Chinese refractory; high-sulfur gold concentrate was subjected to biooxidation with high pulp density in a single stirred-tank reactor. The flotation concentrate contained 36.9 percent sulfur (S) and 33.9 percent iron (Fe). Different experimental regimes for biooxidation were applied With a mixed culture and by controlling the amount of addition of the gold ores and the pH of the biooxidation system, maximum iron oxidation of 82.6 percent and sulfur oxidation of 79.3 percent were achieved. The experimental results indicate that the pH control was beneficial to the biooxidation of this concentrate. Approximately 28.4 percent of elemental sulfur (S-8) was found in the oxidizing slags. Two dissolution mechanisms of elemental sulfur are proposed: (1) FeS2 -> S-8(0) -> S2O32- -> SO42- and (2) FeS2 -> S-8(0) -> SO42-. The high pH had a positive effect on the reduction of the S-8. The results of thermodynamic analysis indicate that as an oxidant the dissolved oxygen can effectively reduce the Gibbs free energy of the pyrite oxidation process and, compared with the reaction of ferric iron as the single oxidant, the oxidation of pyrite is easier. The efficiency of the gold recovery was related to the iron oxidation as well as the sulfur oxidation. Gold and silver recoveries of 92.4 percent and 66.4 percent, respectively, were achieved.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Soc Mining Metallurgy Exploration Inc

    Semicontinuous biooxidation of high-sulfur concentrates: Relationship between volume or mass dissolution rate and pulp density

    Song, Y.Yang, H. Y.Tong, L. L.Sand, W....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Semicontinuous-flow, multistage biooxidation experiments of a Chinese refractory, high-sulfur gold concentrate were conducted with different pulp densities for gold recovery. The maximum iron, sulfur and arsenic oxidation rates of 90.0, 88.8 and 96.4 percent, respectively, were obtained in the experiments with 5 percent pulp density. The highest gold and silver recoveries of 96.1 and 68.9 percent, respectively, were achieved by cyanidation. The negative effect of high pulp density on biooxidation was related to the decrease of free and adsorbed cell concentrations with increasing pulp density. The data of iron oxidation from the semicontinuous biooxidation experiments were best fitted by a shrinking core model in which the chemical reaction controlled the rate. The dissolution kinetics of sulfur and arsenic were therefore analyzed by a shrinking core model in which the internal diffusion controlled the bioleaching rates. For the quantitative description of biooxidation efficiency, two parameters - mass dissolution rate and volume dissolution rate - were proposed. In the first stage, the mass dissolution rates of minerals were negatively correlated while the volume dissolution rates were positively correlated with the actual pulp density. The iron and sulfur mass dissolution rates decreased with increasing actual pulp densities in the third and fourth stage, while linear increasing relationships between the volume dissolution rates of minerals and the actual pulp density were observed from the second to fourth stage. The highest mass dissolution rates of minerals were obtained in the first stage with 5 percent pulp density. The highest volume dissolution rates of minerals were obtained in the first stage with 15 percent pulp density. Compared to the volume dissolution rate, the mass dissolution rate was more intuitive to reflect the negative effect of high pulp density on biooxidation efficiency.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Soc Mining Metallurgy Exploration Inc

    Extraction of manganese oxide ore by a reduction acidolysis-selective leaching method

    Sun, Y.Fu, G.Jiang, L.Cai, X....
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：A process for recovering manganese from low-grade manganese oxide ore through a reduction acidolvsis-selective leaching method is investigated. Two types of biomass, sawdust and straw, were used as reductants. Reduction acidolysis, using concentrated sulfuric acid, was used to disrupt the structure of the biomass, allowing the biomass to be hydrolyzed into monosaccharides. Analysis by X-ray diffraction revealed that Mn2O3 was reduced to MnSO4. Then, in the selective leaching process, iron was removed through the formation of goethite. The optimized experimental parameters are as follows: reductant to ore mass ratio of 0.4, sulfuric acid to ore mass ratio of 0.9, water to ore ratio of 0.5, aging time of 18 h, leaching temperature of 95 degrees C, leaching time of 90 min, and solution pH of 2.5 to 2.8. Under these conditions and using sawdust as the reductant, the manganese leaching efficiency and iron removal efficiency were 91.8 and 99.2 percent, respectively.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Soc Mining Metallurgy Exploration Inc

    Contact-bioleaching mechanism of Ni and Co from sulfide concentrate at neutral pH by heterotrophic bacteria

    Wang, X.Cui, X.Gu, Q.Liu, X....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：This study is a continuation of previous work designed to further explore the mechanism of the bioleaching of sulfide concentrate at neutral pH by heterotrophic bacteria Bacillus megaterium QM B1551. The concentrate contained 13.2 percent nickel (Ni) and 0.2 percent cobalt (Co), which presented primarily as pentlandite and pyrrhotite. Contact and noncontact bioleaching experiments were conducted with finely ground ore at an initial pH of 6, resulting in 44.7 percent of Ni and 38.2 percent of Co leached in the contact-bioleaching treatment. Oxidation experiments of sulfur, thiosulfate (S2O32-) and ferrous ions (Fe-2(+)) by cell membrane were performed to verify whether sulfur transferase, thiosulfate quinone reductase and enzyme cytochrome B558 on the surface of the bacteria could be expressed to oxidize the sulfide. The results show that thiosulfate quinone reductase and cytochrome B558 could be expressed to oxidize S2O32- and Fe2+ to SO42- and Fe3+, respectively.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Soc Mining Metallurgy Exploration Inc

    Mineralogy, geochemistry and leaching characteristics of the high-grade Th-U-Y zone of altered syenite at El Garra El Hamra, Southwestern Desert, Egypt

    Abdellah, Walid M.Abu Khoziem, Hanaa A.Mahmoud, Soliman Abu Elatta A.
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：The high-grade Th-U-Y zone is one of the numerous mineralized zones found in the El Garra El Hamra hydrothermally altered syenites in southwestern Egypt. It is characterized by the thorium minerals thorite and thorogummite, which are closely associated with xenotime-(Y) This zone of mineralization is localized in the eastern part of the El Garra El Hamra hydrothermally altered syenites. This zone does not relate to the first phase of syenites that appeared on the surface but is linked to the other, hidden phase of the syenitic body. Additionally, the fluids responsible for the mineralization of this zone belong to the late-stage hydrothermal event as well as the fault action due to the fact that it had continued reactivations for a long period of time. The studied mineralized zone also contains ceriopyrochlore(Ce),(Ce,Ca,)(2) (Nb,Ta)(2)O-6 (OH), fluorite (CaF2) and barite (BaSO4), which are found in considerable amounts, whereas apatite (Ca-5(PO4)(3)F) and chromite (FeCr2O4) are rarely found together with Fe-oxi-hydroxides (hematite and goethite) with a minor amount of jarosite (KFe33+ (OH)(6) (SO4)(2)). Finally, the main constituent mineral in the zone is the pseudomorph perthite in addition to quartz, which is found as deformed crystals.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Soc Mining Metallurgy Exploration Inc