查看更多>>摘要：Intra-oceanic arcs are typically associated with intermediate (andesitic) cone volcanoes. However, caldera volcanoes may also form in these settings from very large eruptions, resulting in sudden changes to the magma reservoir. These reservoirs can then produce either semi-continuous or intermittent low-intensity volcanism between major caldera-producing or caldera-deepening eruptions, providing insights into the post-caldera evolution of the system. Hunga volcano (Kingdom of Tonga, Southwest Pacific) is a large mainly submarine edifice that produced a series of caldera-forming eruptions -900 years ago. Since then, numerous smaller-scale subaerial and submarine eruptions occurred, the most recent forming new islands in 2009 and 2014/15. Pyro-clastic deposits associated with these latest eruptions have identical (range - 0.1 wt% of all major oxides) andesitic composition that overlap with the primitive end of the slightly wider compositional range of the caldera-forming episodes. Texturally simple plagioclase, clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene phenocrysts in pre-, syn- and post-caldera pyroclasts point to a single shallow storage reservoir at 5-8 Ian depth. Lack of complex zonation indicates that this reservoir is constantly resupplied by low-flux inputs of basaltic andesite magma and is large enough that convective mixing rapidly homogenises new inputs. The reservoir feeds intermittent, low-intensity, post-caldera volcanism with constant andesite composition, driven possibly by magmatic overpressure and "leakage" of gas-rich magma pockets around the edges of the caldera. More primitive and compositionally variable basaltic andesites formed a lava-dominated edifice prior to the caldera-forming event. This suggests a causal link between magma supply dynamics and caldera priming relating to the maturing of the plumbing system and formation of a sustained subvolcanic andesite magma reservoir.
查看更多>>摘要：It was recently shown that partial melting of carbonated metapelites, subducted to a depth of 200 km, yields the formation of two immiscible melts, CO2-bearing phonolitic and K-rich carbonate. These melts resemble silicic and low-Mg carbonatitic melt inclusions in diamonds from kimberlites and placers worldwide. Here we studied the interaction of these melts with natural garnet lherzolite at 6 GPa. We found that the CO2-bearing phonolite melt reacts with peridotite consuming olivine to produce orthopyroxene and garnet, while K2O and CO2 enter carbonate melt. The latter has Ca# 24-29 and appears in equilibrium with garnet lherzolite. The SiO2 content in the carbonate melt varies from 2 to 18 wt% as temperature increases from 1200 to 1500 °C. Our results imply that the slab-derived immiscible silicic and low-Mg carbonatitic melts react with peridotitic mantle producing the high-Mg carbonatitic melt, which makes up the majority of carbonatitic inclusions in diamonds. Thus, the melt entrapped by diamonds may decipher genetic signatures of different mantle lithologies: silicic and low-Mg carbonatitic inclusions correspond to eclogite or recycled pelite, while high-Mg carbonatitic inclusions correspond to peridotite.
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