Josephine Lyngh SteenbergKarsten ThielenJakob Moller HansenAse Marie Hansen...
10页
查看更多>>摘要：Headache disorders have serious implications for employees' work ability (WA). However, there is inadequate knowledge of what specific work-related activities that are affected by headache. We investigated demand-specific WA among individuals with migraine or frequent headache. We used cross-sectional questionnaire-data (n = 5,551) containing information about "migraine or frequent headache" and difficulties handling seven different job demands. In subgroup analyses (n = 4,028), we added information on medication. In ordinal logistic regression, we adjusted for sex, age, education, depressive symptoms and musculoskeletal pain. Individuals with previous or current migraine/headache had poorer WA, particularly with respect to the ability of handling physical and cognitive job demands. No use of medication as well as overuse of medication-both signalling suboptimal treatment-might aggravate the difficulties complying with job demands. Additionally, depressive symptoms and musculoskeletal pain seem to play a major role for the level of disability. Employees with headache disorders need adequate diagnosis and treatment. Rehabilitation should also address mental health as well as concurrent (musculoskeletal) pain conditions, which potentially benefit from non-medical interventions. Adjustment of the working conditions (physical and cognitive job demands) is likely to improve the work ability in this group of employees.
查看更多>>摘要：Using mobile devices with small touchscreens to click on icons or links was problematic for users, especially when the layout was dense and full of targets. Most of existing literatures studied proper target sizes in clicking tasks by testing user performance with predetermined options of targets. Larger targets were suggested for elders based on limited number of alternatives in discrete sizes. However, multi-touch technology now allows users to manipulate target sizes by zooming with a pinch gesture in a continuous manner. A speed-accuracy balanced target size (the Most Acceptable Target Size, MATS), i.e. a target not only large enough to ensure accuracy in clicking but also small enough to avoid unnecessary operation in zooming, becomes more relevant in this context. The current study recorded the MATS determined subjectively by young and elder users in a zoom-and-click task on mobile devices using 5-, 7- and 10-inch touchscreens with four levels of display sparsity. User performance was measured together with the Least Capable Target Size (LCTS, the target just large enough for the user to click with above-chance accuracy) indicative of users' capability. Results showed that young and elder users preferred similar MATS (7.42 mm on average). The 10-inch device required the smallest LCTS but the largest MATS due to greater viewing distance and the unfamiliar 7-inch device required the largest LCTS. Reduction of display density can cause larger MATS required and possibly elicit speed-accuracy trade-offs for elders to adapt.
查看更多>>摘要：Transorting patients in beds and stretchers throughout hospitals is a significant manual handling concern for transport teams, nurses, and nursing aides. The objective of this study was to evaluate a power-drive intervention when pushing beds and stretchers with different weight patients. Twelve participants were part of a laboratory simulation where beds and stretchers were pushed down a straight away, around a corner, down a ramp, and up a ramp with and without utilization of the power-drive feature. Peak three-dimensional spine loads were estimated during the trials. In all, power-drive reduced the three-dimensional spine loads by 8%-21% as compared to the manual pushing of the beds and stretchers. Larger reductions were found for the tasks performed with the bed as opposed to the stretcher. The inexperience of the participants may have reduced the benefit of the power-drive as they appeared to not use it to the full extent. To minimize the loads being placed on healthcare providers' spines and reduce the potential for injury hospitals should implement power-drive technologies on beds and stretchers.
Scott P. BreloffRobert E. CareyDwight E. WaddellChip Wade...
6页
查看更多>>摘要：Falls from residential roofs account for 80% of roofing industry fatalities. Furthermore, roofing work represents 44.7% of work in residual construction specialty trades and residential roofers count for 2.1% of overall workers in construction, with an anticipated growth in roofers of 14.9% by 2024. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the alterations in spatiotemporal gait parameters while traversing along a 6/12 pitched residential roof segment. Eighteen of the nineteen calculated spatiotemporal variables were statistically, significantly changed by walking across a 6/12 pitched simulated residential roof. The study clearly demonstrates that spatiotemporal gait variables increase and decrease while traversing across a residential roof. The changes in spatiotemporal parameters might suggest alterations to a person's balance system resulting in an increased risk of falling. The knowledge generated in the current study will be relevant to the residential roofing industry when it can be used in educational materials to increase awareness of how a roofer's altered gait while working on a pitched roof may increase their falling risk.
查看更多>>摘要：Background: Safety climate represents employees' shared perceptions of the value an organisation places on safety. Frequently safety climate measures are lengthy to comprehensively assess critical work safety factors, which makes their completion time consuming, particularly when used in conjunction with other work or performance measures. Consequently, organisations only employ such measures during safety crises, compromising their usefulness as a leading work safety indicator for identifying and remediating emerging safety issues before they become critical. Objective: This study used statistical and practical methodological procedures to develop a brief safety climate measure for the regular monitoring and remediation of safety issues. Method: An existing comprehensive and valid work safety climate measure (Nordic Occupational Safety Climate Questionnaire [NOSACQ-50]; Kines et al., 2011), was administered to disability support workers (N = 366) and hospitality employees (N = 111). Appropriate statistical procedures and practical usefulness measures including expert opinions of work health and safety researchers (N = 5) and practitioners (N = 14), correlations with physical and mental health measures, and item readability contributed to the selection of the most reliable and practically useful items for the brief measure. Results: Utilising statistical and practical usefulness methods, a brief 24-item safety climate questionnaire was developed. Conclusion: Study results support the usefulness of this brief 24-item work safety climate measure for both practice and research purposes. The study also demonstrated a procedurally sound and practically efficient item reduction method that considers both statistical findings and methods that enhance the practical usefulness of the measure in applied environments.
查看更多>>摘要：Disability conditions characterized by hand dysfunction are particularly relevant for the use of touchscreen technology. This work investigates the effects of hand impairment produced by systemic sclerosis (SSc) on touchscreen interaction. It aims to fulfil a dual objective: to provide guidelines to design inclusive interfaces and interaction modalities for SSc patients and to design a hand physio-rehabilitation based on a touchscreen application. Eighty patients participated in the observational study and, accordingly, eighty subjects without impairments were recruited as a control cohort. A specific touchscreen application has been designed and developed including three gestures: tap, drag and drop, and pinch-to-zoom. The work allowed identifying the interface features that significantly influence the performance and, consequently, the design rules for the physio-rehabilitation application.
查看更多>>摘要：Understanding the expectations of future mainstream users will promote innovation in user studies and guide the process of producing original designs. With a focus on Chinese Generation Z, this paper focuses on the features of future kitchens as a case study with the aim of understanding the future expectations of the younger generation. An exploratory laboratory experiment was conducted to elicit users' expectations via a setting the stage method involving 51 participants. The participants were asked to imagine the future kitchen and draw conceptual sketches of interactive interfaces. The results reveal a four-factor 17 index instrument for exploring the anticipated features of kitchens in terms of expansibility, sustainability, smart technology and interactivity, and emotional connection. The study develops a comprehensive model highlighting and describing the temporal aspects of future expectations. Valuable insights into the expectations of Chinese Generation Z are discussed, and important implications for the design of smart kitchens are proposed based on the results obtained.
NSTL
Elsevier