查看更多>>摘要：The relatively high sizes of public debts in many of the world's member states have led to frequent debates concerning the influence of public debt on economic growth. Analyzing economic literature it can be seen, that theoretical and empirical considerations on this topic are divided into three main parties. The first part of analyzes is the work of the Keynesians, which emphasizes that the budget deficit as well as the public debt positively affects the economic development of the country, mainly through the impact of the budget expenditure multiplier. The opposite view on budget deficits and public debt is represented by the neoclassical school, who argue that the budget deficit and public debt can have negative impact on economic growth. Conversely, proponents of the Ricardian equivalence concept believe that budget deficits and public debt are neutral for economic growth. These three mentioned above approaches to the budget deficit and public debt problem have led to many debates at home and abroad about the importance of budget deficit and public debt in the process of economic growth and economic development of the country. The main objective of the study is to determine the impact of the foreign debt and home debt on economic activity of the country, based on the example of the 27 member countries of the European Union (without United Kingdom) in the period 2006-2017. The statistics came from the European Statistical Office (Eurostat) and International Monetary Fund database (World Economic Outlook).
查看更多>>摘要：Paper reviews the classical methods of machine learning (supervised and unsupervised learning), gives examples of the application of different methods and discusses approaches that will be useful for empirical economics research (on data from Ukrainian firms, banks and official state statistics). The different sectors of economics are investigated: the multiple linear regression is used on macrolevel for macro production function of Ukraine specification; logistic regression is used in bank sector for credit risk management with the scoring model; k-means, hierarchic clustering and DBSCAN are used in regional level for regions of Ukraine grouping based on competitiveness; principal component analysis is used for firm's financial stability analysis. All models showed adequate simulation results according to the quality criteria of the models. So, the possibility of classic machine learning methods application for investigations of the processes and objects on different levels of economics (micro, mezzo and macro) is demonstrated in the article.
查看更多>>摘要：The purpose of the study is to develop a model of the influence of state institutions on the enterprise economic security system of using the provisions of game theory. For each of the two participants in the game-state institutions and enterprises - proposed indicators determine the strategy of the game participant and their behavior in such a game. The content of each of the proposed indicators is considered and it is shown how their value can be obtained. The proposed indicators for both participants in the game are leveled to a single scale. The indicators of the model of the antagonistic game between the enterprise and state institutions are determined that became the basis for the construction of the game model, which is a tuple. The developed model of the influence of state institutions on the enterprise economic security system, represented by a combination of possible strategies for the behavior of both participants in the game in hyper cubic five-dimensional space, which are expressed by the values of indicators for each of these participants, as well as the calculated "gain" for each of these combinations. Using this model allows to achieve different results depending on the goal of the study. The main result of the model is the search for a balance of interests in the "enterprise-state" system. That is, the search for those points of stable choice that can be obtained using the developed model, namely: search for a local or general extremum in the game field, which will determine the maximum win for one of the participants or the total win of two participants at the same time; research and quantitative estimation of the actual and maximum possible negative impact of state institutions on the economic security system of business entities; determining the expected change in the influence of state institutions on the economic security system of business entities due to changes in its strategy; the establishment of the best strategy for a business entity in existing conditions, which, according to the selected criterion, will ensure the stable functioning of the economic security system at an enterprise; determination of the limits of the negative impact of state institutions on the economic security system of an enterprise.
查看更多>>摘要：A frequent shortcoming of the digitalization of public administration and services is an excessive concentration on individual points of communication between the citizen, company and public authorities, rather than focusing on digitalizing the whole process. Digitalizing a service must mean that the entire process from the beginning to the end is digitalized from the end-user's point of view and fully accessible through the online interface. To be able to be competitive in current environment it is necessary that SMEs have easy access to the digitalization processes. The aim of this paper is to provide SMEs point of view on the necessity and applicability of online eGovernmental solutions being vital for their activities. The research was based on surveying of 278 Czech SMEs. We consider the results of this study very topical considering the current COVID19 impact on companies and public administration.
查看更多>>摘要：The impact of financial development on economic growth has always been an important issue. Especially when financial crises occur, the relationship between financial markets and financial crises and economic activities is on the agenda. The main purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between financial development and economic growth in the Azerbaijani economy. For this purpose, VECM model estimation and Granger causality analysis was performed by taking monthly data between 2005-2019. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that there is a two-way relationship between financial development and economic growth in Azerbaijan.
查看更多>>摘要：In this article, we examine the macroeconomic parameter final consumption (FC) by assuming it is an indicator of human development; the latter, ultimately, determines the socioeconomic conditions in society. The aim is to bind the aggregate final consumption to human needs. For this purpose, the methodology of the analysis grows up on two pillars: on the side of human needs we take Maslow's theory of motivation, and on the side of the economy, we take the product structure of total final consumption. By analogy, based on a theoretical analysis, we constructed a model, which describes the basic human needs classified by Maslow, in economic terms. We tested empirically the model, especially, the hierarchy of the five product categories of FC referred to basic human needs. Other hypotheses about relationships between this product structure of FC and the socio-economic standard are also under consideration.
查看更多>>摘要：The research described herein seeks to determine the regressive dependence of the number of patents on the outlays on research-and-development and the number of those employed in the R&D sector, and to calculate on this basis the marginal and average cost/resource-intensity and labour-intensity of patents in the European Union countries in the years 2016 and 2019. Studies have shown that the total of the flexibility of the number of patents versus R&D outlays and R&D employment was identical for both years (i.e., 0.97). Hence, a method to determine whether undulation exists with the same total flexibility has been demonstrated. A 5.4 per cent decrease in the intensity of flexibility in the number of patents was identified for 2019. The research has shown that the growth in the number of patents proves to be in line with the growth of mean labour-intensity of patents for the years concerned. This proves that the knowledge resource plays a specific part in creating the number of patents for the counties and years under examination.
GULALIYEV G. MAYISBAYRAMOV V. SHAHINGULIYEVA T. SHAFAORUJOVA S. MEHPARE...
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查看更多>>摘要：The main purpose of the investigation is to define the existence of the causality relationship between foreign trade and some macroeconomic indicators in Azerbaijan. There was used OLS and cointegration methods, as well as Granger causality between these indicators. The main conclusion is that there is not a causality effect between import and GDP. As well as there is a causality effect between GDP and export. But there is not a strong causality effect between foreign trade openness, foreign trade freedom, and GDP. As well as the paper investigates the impact of import, export, and their annual changing on household income. For this purpose, the Dickey-Fuller test and Granger causality tests were applied. The authors come to the conclusion that there is no causal relationship between foreign trade indicators and poverty rate, but there is such a relationship between foreign trade indicators and household income.
查看更多>>摘要：Thai farmers face various risks associated with natural disasters, adversely affecting their income. Such events appear to be increasing each year in Thailand, which is one of the world leaders for harvested area of rice. Despite this, its yields are lower than various nations with a considerably smaller crop area. With a view to helping farmers to manage the relevant risks and so improve their socio-economic lot, there is a real need to adopt an agricultural financial tool called 'area-yield crop insurance'. Therefore, on the basis that area selection is the first key step towards introducing this type of policy at district level, this paper aims to group together similar districts. Hence the author conducted a cluster analysis of districts in six provinces in north-eastern Thailand. The results reveal differences between rice cultivation in the districts studied but also certain similarities, with the characteristics of some districts in a given province resembling those of districts in one or more other provinces. As a result, five groups of similar districts are mooted. These clusters, each having their own features, provide a powerful and useful mechanism for practical implementation, enabling the expected premium rates to be tailored better to the local context and mitigating a specific drawback, namely the basis risk of a prospective area-based crop insurance policy for the designated area.
查看更多>>摘要：In the fight against the COVID-19 in China, many volunteer organizations emerge, which are both efficient and flexible in some situations. To summarize the experience of these organizations in public crisis management, this paper divides the work situations faced by organizations into conventional situations and unconventional circumstances and to compare the functions of formal and informal organizations in conventional and unconventional circumstances from the perspective of transaction cost and analysis factors which influence their cooperation in public crisis management. By examining the functions of NCP in the fight against the COVID-19, this research proposes that transaction cost is a critical factor to consider in the function and structure of informal organizations. Thus, this paper suggests that in the governance of public crisis, the government should incorporate informal organizations into the social governance system and focus on their organizational advantages. It is essential to classify social organizations, innovate the management mode of social organizations, and elucidate the correlation between vertical government governance and horizontal social governance, changing the "inverted T" operation mode into the "cobweb" cooperation mode.
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