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Agricultural Science Digest

Agricultural Research Communication Centre

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Agricultural Science Digest/Journal Agricultural Science Digest
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    Influence of Organic Fertilizers on Productivity of Barley: A Review

    Yimer Arebu Hussen
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the ancient cereal crops of agriculture in the world and one of the first domesticated cereals and fourth largest cereal crop next to maize, wheat and rice in the world. It contributes seven percent of the total cereal production. The production of barley in Ethiopia reduced by many factors from these biotic factors including rodents, pathogens, diseases, weed, pests, insects and abiotic stress like drought, flooding, temperature stress, salinity, poor managementpractice, frost, poor soil fertility, agronomic practice etc. among those the most important factors that reduce yield of barley in Ethiopia are the use of inappropriate organic fertilizers. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to review the influence of organic fertilizers on productivity of barely. The review was done by collecting the various published and unpublished materials relevant information from different literature sources like libraries, research report, journals, books and Internet center. As various scholars mentioned organic fertilizers affect the growth, development and yield of barley. The uses of farm yard manure, animal manure, poultry manure and vermi compost considerably improved yield and yield component of barley such as number of tillers per plant, spike length, straw, biomass, grain weight and grain yield. It concludes using organic fertilizer has crucial role for increasing barley production and productivity.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Screening of Mango Landraces for Polyembryony and Confirmation of Seedling Origin using Microsatellite Markers

    Reshma U.R.Simi S.
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Background:The introduction of polyembryonic rootstocks in the area of propagation is of great importance since they produce one zygotic and several nucellar plantlets. Proper identification of sexual embryo from each hybrid seed is necessary in orderto preserve only the nucellar seedlings, which would help to maintain the rootstock's genetic characteristics as well as to overcome the major constraints in the area of fruit breeding especially in hybridization programme by eliminating the nucellar ones to advanced generations. Contrasting reports exists regarding the vigour of zygotic seedlings of polyembryonic mango genotypes. It is necessary to identify/distinguish the zygotic seedling from the nucellar population at an early stage, for which, microsatellite analysis could be a reliable tool. Methods:The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) with 20 treatments replicated thrice. The twenty local mango landraces from Thiruvananthapuram (Kerala) were screened for polyembryony and were geo-referenced. Germination studies were conducted. Microsatellite analysis of all the plantlets from two varieties which exhibited the highest polyembryony were done using SSR primers and their banding patterns were compared with those of their respective mother plants. Result:Out of twenty mango varieties screened, seventeen were polyembryonic. Kappa Manga recorded the highest germination, germination index and seedling vigour index-I. Kotookonam Varikka recorded the highest polyembryony and followed by Kochu Kilichundan. Microsatellite analysis revealed that all the seedlings obtained from the respective stones of Kotookonam Varikka and Kochu Kilichundan had identical SSR profile to the mother plant, which indicated nucellar origin of seedlings having similar genetic composition to the mother plant.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Effect of Wrapping Materials and Storage Time on Shelf Life of Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.)

    Devi SaritaHappyChahal Devender
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Background:The use of wrapping material during storage of cut flowers creates a modified atmosphere which reduces flower metabolism during storage, thereby slowing carbohydrate consumption as respiratory substrate. The main problem related to dry storage is moisture loss or desiccation. Keeping in view the above aspects, the present study was conducted to enhance the shelf life of tuberose. Methods:The experiment was carried out at Post-Harvest Laboratory of Department of Horticulture, COA, CCS HAU,Hisar during the cropping season (March to September) of year 2019. It was laid out in CRD (factorial) with three replications and twenty-four treatment combinations, comprising of six wrapping materials (newspaper, butter paper, chart sheet, low densitypolyethylene of 100μ, high density polyethylene of 200μ and control as without wrapping) and four storage time (1, 4, 7 and 10 days), were tested. After harvesting, cut spikes were wrapped in wrapping materials and kept in cold-store at low temperature (less than 5°C), thereafter cut spikes were placed in vase solution (4% sucrose plus 300 ppm 8-HQC) for recording observations on floral parameters. Result:Among different wrapping materials, the butter paper wrapped cut spikes observed better in mostof the parameters followed by LDPE (100 mu) wrapped cut spikes. Among the storage time, storage of cut spikes for 1 day observed better in most of the parameters except time taken up to opening of first pair of florets and total post-harvest life. Overall, butter paper wrapped cut spikes stored for 1 day performed better in term of floret diameter (46.73 mm), floret length (56.10 mm), floret longevity (2.89 days), appearance (3.70/5.0 scale), florets opened at a time (32.30%), total opened florets (54.32%), marketable vase life (6.53 days), total vase life (11.17 days), weight loss (17.08%) and solution consumed (135.33 ml) by the spikes. However, the cut spikes wrapped in butter paper stored for 10 days were found better with early opening of first pair of florets (0.95 days) and maximum post-harvest life (20.10 days).
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Effect of Organic Manures Application on Soil Physicochemical Properties of Coarse-textured Ultisol and Okra Productivity in Nsukka, Southeastern Nigeria

    Azuka C.V.Idu Matthew Chukwuemeka
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Background:The greenhouse and field studies were carried out to assess the effect of different rates of poultry manure (PM), pig slurry (PS) and the recommended NPK fertilizer on some soil physico-chemical properties and okra yield of coarse-texturedUltisols in Nsukka, southeastern Nigeria. Methods:The PM and PS were applied at three different rates (10,20 and 40 t ha~(-1)) as well as no amendment as control and the recommended NPK fertilizer (300 kg/ha) and replicated five times. Soil and agronomicdata collected were analyzed for variance (ANOVA) using Genstat 4.0. Result:The PM and PS significantly (p<0.05) improved soil pH, soil organic matter, available phosphorous, total nitrogen, aggregate stability, mean weight diameter, bulk density, porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity in greenhouse and field studies. Significant improvement in CEC was obtained in the field study. The PM and PS significantly (p<0.05) improved agronomic parameters e.g. plant height, number of leaves, biomass weight and yield of okra than the control. Poultry manure showed its superiority over other amendments in improving soil and agronomic properties. The study recommended 20 t ha~(-1) of PM and 40 t ha~(-1)1 of PS for sustainable soil and optimum productivityof okra in Nsukka, southeastern Nigeria.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Evaluation of Different Substrates for Spawn Preparation of Calocybe indica and its Impact on Yield and Biological Efficiency

    Panda DibakarBiswas Mohan KumarNath Bhol
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Background:Popularities of mushrooms is because of attractive texture and delicious taste, among the cultivated mushrooms milky mushroom has ability to grow in higher temperature and is also considered to be alternative of non-veg foods for vegetarians. In India some part of the country holds good promise towards the cultivation of milky mushroom, for fast growth of mycelium or easy cultivation. This experiment is mainly focused on evaluation of yield and yield contributing characteristic of milky mushroom (Calocybe indica). Methods:The spawn production process was carried out at the Experiential Learning Unit, Mushroom Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Agriculture, Palli Sikha Bhavana, Visva Bharati in the year 2018–2019. Pure culture of milky mushroom procured from Tropical Mushroom Research Centre, OUAT, Bhubaneswar and was maintained on PDA medium. Different food grains for preparation of spawn viz., wheat grain, paddy grain, bajra grain and sorghum grain were used. Result:In the present work, we have observed that the four easily available food grains can efficiently be used as substrate for preparation of spawn. This study enables us to take decision about selection of food grains for quality spawn production.
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    • NSTL

    Study of Combining Ability and Heterosis in Quality Protein Maize using Line x Tester Mating Design

    Subba VaskarNath AnirbanKundagrami Sabyasachi
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：Background:High protein content with good quality maize is likely to gain wider acceptance if hybrids are produced that have agronomic performance similar to normal hybrids and retain an enhanced nutritional quality. Thus, an attempt was made to develop quality protein maize hybrids for the benefit of different sections of society depending on maize. Methods:During the Rabi season of 2016–17 (hybrids were obtained crossing ten inbred lines and four testers following line x tester mating design) and2017–18 (evaluation of hybrids and parents involved along with two commercial checks based on different agro morphological traits). Result:Highly significant differences were observed among lines, testers and crosses. Combining ability revealed SCA variances was higher indicating preponderance of non-additive gene action. The contribution of line x tester interaction was higher suggesting parents used in this study can provide high heterotic cross combinations. The parents CML 508, CML 163-D and CML 169 were superior general combiners, indicating their efficacy as parents in future maize breeding programs. Heterosis identified superior yield advantage of the crosses namely, CML508 x CML154-2, CML170 x CML169 and CML163-D x DMRQPM103 over the standardcommercial checks HQPM1 and 900 M Gold.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Species Diversity and Composition of Chalcidids Wasps (Chalcidoidea: Hymenoptera) on Tidal Swamp Rice Field in Indragiri Hilir District, Indonesia

    Ikhsan ZahlulHidrayaniYaherwandi
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：Background:Indragiri Hilir District has the most extensive rice harvest area and is the most significant contributor to rice production in Riau Province. Family Chalcididae is a parasitoid insect that can act as a biological agent to reduce pest attacks on rice. This research aimed to study the species diversity of Chalcididae on tidal swamp rice fields in Indragiri Hilir District. Methods:Sampling was carried out in two periods of rice planting. Samplings were conducted in 4 sub-districts of rice production centers, namely Batang Tuaka, Keritang, Reteh and Tembilahan Hulu, using three sampling techniques (i.e., insect net, malaise trap and yellow pan trap). Diversity index (H’), species richness index (d), species evenness index (J’) and similarity index (Is) were calculated. Result:We found 127 individuals consisting of 5 genera and 11 species of Chalcididae were found in the four studied areas. Among them, Antrocephalus lugubris, A. maculipennis, Brachymeria excarinata, B. minuta and Dirhinusanthracia. B. excarinata and Antrocephalus sp. are reported as a new record to Indonesia and were found in all study locations. B. excarinata has the highest abundance of individuals. The shape of the landscape can influence the diversity index, speciesabundance and individual abundance of Chalcididae.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Studies on the Efficiency of Eudrilus eugeniae in the Bioconversion of Tamarind Fruit Shell Waste Mixed with Diclofenac and Bisphenol-A

    Ramesh M.K.Kalaivanan K.Durairaj S.
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：Background:Agricultural chemicals, metals, industrial effluents, plastics, excessive dumping of unused and expired pharmaceutical chemicals etc. contaminate terrestrial, aquatic and aerial environment. The excessive usage of the unwanted chemicals elicits undesirable effects in the non target organism inhabited in the various environments. The soil biota like earthworm faces threats of the environmental contaminants. A number of research works has been carried out to study the impact of certain environmental pollutants on the terrestrial inhabitant like earthworms which are widely utilized in the waste disposal management. Tamarind shell waste is considered one of the unwanted materials dumped in the road side and being discharged from industry andfrom the houses. The bio waste is now a day's utilized for various purposes. The environmental contaminants such as diclofenac and bisphenol-A are discharged into the environment and finally reach the terrestrial environment where the inhabitants are adversely affected. Hence the study has been focused to analyze the efficiency of earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae in the conversion of tamarind shell waste mixed separately with Diclofenac and bisphenol-A. Methods:Vermibed was prepared for the present work. Thevermibed contains cow dung and garden soil which are common in all the pots. One pot was considered as control. The second pot was mixed with tamarind shell waste. The third pot was mixed with diclofenac and finally in the last pot bisphenol-A was taken. Healthy earworms were selected and released to the four pots. The experimental set up was maintained for 30 days. Correlation matrix and t-test was performed to understand the significance of the results. Result:The study revealed the impact of pollutants on the bioconversion of tamarind shell waste. The contaminants like diclofenac and bisphenol-A significantly decreased the micro and macro nutrient levels. The phosphorous, nitrogen and potassium level showed a decrease when compared to control on 30th day in the diclofenac treatment. The nitrogen value was also decreased in the bisphenol-A treated compost on 30th day and the value was statistically significant. The other nutrients, phosphorous and iron were also decreased significantly (P<0.05) inthe treatment and correlation matrix showed positive and negative correlation with micro and macro nutrients. The physico-chemical characters such as pH and electrical conductivity are also altered in the experimental conditions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Yield Reductions of Wheat Cultivar Obora (UTIQUE96/FLAG-1) due to Russian Wheat Aphid (Diuraphis noxia) Infestation under Field Conditions at SelectedDistricts of West Showa Zone, Ethiopia

    Abebe NahilNegeri MulugetaGetu Emana
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：Background:Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important cereal crop as being consumed as staple food in the world as well as in Ethiopia. The production of wheat in Ethiopia decreased due to the incidence of insect pests. Out of insects’ pests the Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) is the recent one that causes yield loss either directly or indirectly. Methods;The experiment was carried out at selected districts of West Showa zone, Ethiopia during off cropping season 2019 to evaluate the yield reduction in wheat crop due to the invasion of Russian wheat aphids. Malamar, Dimethoate, neem seeds, leaves, Beaveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae were used in form of spray. Result:However, Malamar and Dimethoate highly significantly lowered the population of Diuraphis noxia. The combination of Beaveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopleae significantly lowered the population of Russian wheat aphid. The combination of Neem leaf and Neem seeds, as well as Beaveria bassiana, proved to be effective against Russian wheat aphid yet they were protected and sound against the environments. Malamar showed the maximum decrease in Diuraphis noxia populations followed by Dimethoate, the combination of Beaveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopleae.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Growth and Productivity Augmentation of Greengram (Vigna radiata) through Phosphorus Sources and Sulphur Levels

    RajniKumawat Amit
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：Background:Being an efficient N-fixer, mungbean improve the soil fertility status and can thereby serve as a useful component in any viable cropping system in the country. PROM has to be a better source of phosphate application. Indian soils are deficient in organic carbon. Sulphur is mostly applied to oilseed and pulse crops found to benefit more than one crop in a sequence due to its significant residual response. Methods:The investigation was conducted during kharif season of 2019 comprising fivelevels of phosphorus sources (Control, 16 kg P2O5/ha through DAP, 16 kg P2O5/ha through PROM, 32 kg P2O5/ha through DAP and 32 kg P2O5/ha through PROM) and three levels of sulphur (Control, 15 and 30 kg/ha) making 15 treatment combinations replicated three times in factorial randomized block design. Result:Application of 32 kg P2O5/ha through PROM recorded significantly higher growth, yield attributes, yields as well as net returns ( 50440) with B:C ratio 2.93 as compared to 16 kg P2O5/ha through DAP, 16 kg P2O5/ha through PROM and 32 kg P2O5/ha through DAP. With regard to sulphur levels application of sulphur up to 30 kg/ha recorded significantly higher growth, yield attributes, yields as well net returns ( 46723) with B:C ratio 2.96 over control and15 kg S/ha.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL