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Agricultural Water Management
Elsevier
Agricultural Water Management

Elsevier

0378-3774

Agricultural Water Management/Journal Agricultural Water ManagementSCIISTPEI
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    Magnetization and oxidation of irrigation water to improve winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production and water-use efficiency

    Zhao, GuoqingMu, YanWang, YanhuiWang, Li...
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：Achieving optimal grain yield (GY) and water-use efficiency (WUE) is important for the sustainable development of wheat production. We evaluated the effects of different irrigation regimes on root vigor, root distribution, soil water, crop water productivity, GY, and WUE of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on the Guanzhong Plain of the Yellow River Basin. Laboratory experiments on the hydroponic cultivation of winter wheat comprised control (CK-G, CK-B), magnetization (GM, BM) and oxidation (GO, BO) groups of groundwater and brackish water. Field experiments on the growth of winter wheat included control (IG), magnetization (IGM) and oxidation (IGO) groups of groundwater irrigation. Three irrigation levels, 60, 120 and 180 mm, were used for each treatment (IGM60, IGM120 and IGM180, and IGO60, IGO120 and IGO180, respectively). Under GM and GO regimes, the surface tension and viscosity coefficient of magnetized and oxidized water decreased compared with CK-G, for up to10 hours and 8 h, respectively. The mot vigor in winter wheat was 526 and 925 mu g g(-1) h(-1) after GM and GO treatment, respectively, which was 101% and 253% higher than CK-G. Under IGM120 and IGO120 regimes, mot length density at a soil depth of 0-20 cm increased by 23% and 24%, respectively, compared with IG, while the proportion of mot surface area density at a depth of 20-60 cm changed by 105% and 89%. GY (11.68 x10(3) kg ha(-1) and 10.72 x10(3) kg ha(-1)) and WUE (27.74 kg ha(-1) mm(-1) and 26.08 kg ha(-1) mm(-1)) increased by 21% and 11%, and 21% and 14%, respectively. Between the greening and maturity growth stages, the available soil water storage in the 100-200 cm soil layer decreased by 68, 82 and 72 mm under the IG, IGM120 and IGO120 regimes, respectively. Fitted relationships between irrigation level and grain yield and the WUE indicated that 96 mm magnetized water irrigation was optimal for conserving water and increasing the efficiency of wheat irrigation on the Guanzhong Plain.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Photosynthetic and physiological responses to drought of Jerusalem artichoke genotypes differing in drought resistance

    Puangbut, DaruneeJogloy, SanunVorasoot, NimitrSongsri, Patcharin...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Plant physiological and photosynthetic responses to drought among Jerusalem artichoke genotypes possessing different levels of drought resistance are still lacking. We investigated the physiological and photosynthetic responses to drought of six Jerusalem artichoke genotypes differing in drought-resistance levels and evaluated the contribution of physiological and photosynthetic traits to tuber yield under drought condition. The split-plot in randomized complete block design with four replications was used. Six Jerusalem artichoke genotypes as subplots were nested in two water regimes (100% ET and 50% ET) as main plots. Relative water content (RWC) was recorded at 30, 60, and 90 days after transplanting (DAT), while SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR), net photosynthetic rate (P-n), stomatal conductance (g(s)), and leaf area (LA) were recorded at 30 and 90 DAT. Biomass and tuber yield were recorded at harvest stage. Water deficit restricted RWC by 20.45%, LA by 23.29%, P-n by 9.87, g(s) by 40.315, biomass by 42.62, and tuber yield by 46.13%, yet increased SCMR (6.74%) of six genotypes. The reductions observed on all traits of drought-resistant genotypes were smaller than that of susceptible genotypes. A drought-resistant genotype KT 50-4 showed a low tuber yield reduction (36.59%) and LA (16.34%) under water deficit condition, whereas KT 50-4, JA 60, and JA 125 had low reductions of P-n (7.06-9.75%) and g(s) (15.40-42.86%) under water deficit condition. While LA had a significant contribution to tuber yield under fully irrigated (80.11%) and drought (85.57%), P(n )and SCMR had smaller contributions to tuber yield under drought condition (3.73% and 12.65%). Our results indicated that improvement of LA could contribute to high tuber yield under limited water conditions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Study on agricultural cultivation development layout based on the matching characteristic of water and land resources in North China Plain

    Yang, GuiyuLi, ShuoyangWang, HaoWang, Lin...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：The North China Plain is the main producing area of winter wheat in China. Due to the relatively poor condition of water resources, the competition of water between industry and agriculture is fierce. The increasing shortage of water resources has led to serious overexploitation of groundwater in some areas. Agricultural development is faced with severe challenges. In order to ensure regional food security and sustainable winter wheat planting, 52 cities of North China Plain (NCP), in the following of the paper, use the shorted name NCP,were taken as research units to analyze the matching characteristics of agricultural water and land resources, so as to reveal the direction of irrigated agriculture development and winter wheat suitable planting layout considering their balance in future. The paper firstly analyzed the cultivated area determined by water resource and irrigation development by agricultural available water, and then pointed out the direction of water-suited planting layout of winter wheat. The results showed that: 1) the Gini coefficient showed an increasing trend, which indicated that the area of cultivated land and irrigation area supported by water resources have nearly reached the upper limit. The large-scale extension of both cultivated and irrigation area is impossible under the restriction of water. 2) The amount of agricultural available water resources per unit of effective irrigation area and the effective precipitation increased gradually from north to south in the NCP, but the spatial distribution of water require-ment of winter wheat in its growth period changed in the opposite way. This indicated the poor spatiotemporal match between winter wheat planting and water resources, leading to the cost of spending more water to maintain wheat production. 3), The further development of irrigation and the water-suited planting of winter wheat should pay attention to the southern part of the plain with rich water (such as southern Henan Province, Jiangsu Province, Anhui Province, etc.) to ensure the regional agricultural development. That is of great sig-nificance to the regional sustainable development, water shortage alleviation and national grain safety.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    A new solution of high-efficiency rainwater irrigation mode for water management in apple plantation: Design and application

    Sun, MiaoGao, XueruiZhang, YulinSong, Xiaolin...
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：Due to the lack of stable irrigation water sources and low rainwater utilization efficiency, soil water deficit has become the main factor restricting the sustainable development of the apple industry in the Loess Plateau. The scientific and efficient use of rainwater for irrigation may provide a new solution to alleviate the regional soil water deficit. Rainwater is the only water source for the growth of apple trees, and whether it can be used as a stable and sustainable irrigation water source should be quantitatively considered. At present, there is still a lack of quantitative data to support whether rainwater can meet the irrigation needs of apple orchards. In this research, rainwater harvesting technology is combined with a solar intelligent irrigation system equipped with soil moisture sensors to form a high-efficiency rainwater irrigation (HRI) mode suitable for dryland apple orchards. Through practical application, this study found that HRI mode can effectively improve the soil drought of 0-200 cm and keep the soil water content in a relatively stable range during the apple growth period. Compared with only using rainwater harvesting technology and combined with traditional irrigation methods (SDI), HRI mode can increase apple yield by 56.2% and 22.0%, WUE by 40.4% and 12.6%, respectively. With the increase of apple yield, HRI mode has good economic feasibility, and its economic recovery period is 2 years. On the regional scale, this study selected irrigation guarantee rate and solar energy resources as evaluation indicators to further divide the areas suitable for rainwater irrigation in apple-cultivating region on the Loess Plateau. The area where the irrigation guarantee rate of rainwater was greater than 75% is 1.22 x 10(7) m(2), accounting for 47.6% of the total area. This means that apple production in the Loess Plateau can increase by approximately 549.8 tons/year, save 1.5 x 10(4) m(3) of irrigation water resources, and increase WUE by about 33.4%. Under the two different future climate scenarios (RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5), the area accounted for 49.7% and 57.2% respectively, which was higher than the current situation. The areas with high rainwater irrigation guarantee rates are mostly concentrated in the central and southern parts of the apple-cultivating region. To maintain the sustainable development of the orchard ecological environment, areas with insufficient rainwater should assist other water management measures. In conclusion, high-efficiency rainwater irrigation can effectively alleviate the water contradiction in apple-cultivating region. In future agricultural water management, more attention should be paid to precision rainwater irrigation to ensure the coordinated development of agricultural economy and ecological environment.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of grass vegetation coverage and position on runoff and sediment yields on the slope of Loess Plateau, China

    Shi, PengLi, PengLi, ZhanbinSun, Jingmei...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Soil erosion poses serious challenge to the sustainable utilization of soil and water resources worldwide. Vegetation restoration can sufficiently improve the environment and reduce soil erosion. It is important to evaluate the effects of vegetation coverage and position on surface runoff and sediment yield. Therefore, this study simulated four vegetation coverage rates (0%, 20%, 40%, and 60%) and two vegetation distribution positions (downslope and upslope) to study the runoff and sediment yield under three rain intensities (60, 90, and 120 mm h(-1)). The results showed that the runoff decreased as vegetation coverage increased: 0% > 20% > 40% > 60%. The minimum total runoff occurred at 60% vegetation coverage rate under 60 mm h(-1)- rain intensity (57.5 L), and the maximum at 0% vegetation coverage rate under 120 mm h(-1) rain intensity (172.2 L). The process of sedimentation was similar to that of runoff. As the rate of vegetation coverage increased, the sediment yield decreased. The total sediment yields under 40% and 60% vegetation coverage rates were significantly lower than that under 0%. In addition, the runoff volume and sediment yield of the upslope vegetation pattern were considerably higher than those of the downslope pattern. Under 60 mm h(-1) rainfall intensity, the total runoff volume and sediment yield of upslope pattern were 70.6 L and 261.1 g, as opposed to 61.6 L and 174.9 g of downslope pattern, respectively. By analyzing the correlations of runoff and sediment yield with vegetation coverage, the interception effect on runoff and sediment yield increased with the increase in vegetation coverage. Moreover, the downslope pattern contributed more in reducing runoff and sediment yield than the upslope pattern. The results can provide scientific basis for vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Efficiency and feasibility of Best Management Practices to reduce nutrient loads in an agricultural river basin

    Ricci, Giovanni FrancescoD'Ambrosio, ErsiliaGirolamo, Anna Maria DeGentile, Francesco...
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：Excessive use of mineral fertilizers and inappropriate tillage operations are two main drivers of land degradation. The European Green Deal (EUGD) aims to restore the natural functions of ground and surface soil by 2030. EU Member States will be called upon to include mitigation measures in their own management programs. In this context, the current work aimed to evaluate the feasibility of Best Management Practices (BMPs), generally used to counteract soil erosion, in achieving nutrient load reduction, and evaluate their economic convenience in the private and public sector. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to model point and diffuse nutrient sources in the Carapelle basin (Apulia, Italy) and to simulate BMP scenarios. Contour farming (CF), no tillage (NT), reforestation (RF), and two additional scenarios, including the 20% reduction of fertilizers in CF and NT, (CFR) and (NTR), were simulated following the EUGD strategy. For the current land uses, the riverine export of nitrogen (TN) and phosphorous (TP) were -49 kg ha-1y-1 and -0.044 kg ha-1y-1, respectively. CF and NT increased N-NO3 load both into surface runoff and in terms of leaching. Conversely, RF showed a reduction of NNO3 losses. CFR and NTR scenarios decreased N-NO3 load both in surface runoff and leached of -20%. CFR and NTR represented the best alternative among the analyzed scenarios both for their lower production costs at the farm level and for their savings in terms of nutrient and soil losses. RF was economically profitable in sloped areas, thus representing BMPs that may be implemented in combination with other practices to have a greater impact at the basin scale. BMP implementation requires significant investments (public and private). The results of this study provide the scientific basis for decision-making for agriculture and watershed management.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting combined with supplementary irrigation: Water-saving and yield-maintaining mode for winter wheat in a semiarid region based on 8-year in-situ experiment

    Han, QingfangZhang, PengJia, ZhikuanZhang, Chun...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：ABS TRACT The ridge and furrow rainwater harvesting (RFRH) system has been adopted widely to improve and stabilize the productivity of dryland crops. In order to significantly reduce irrigation rate applied to fields, an 8-year (2012-2020) in-situ field experiment that RFRH combined with supplemental irrigation (RI) of winter wheat was conducted in the semiarid region of Northwest China. Border irrigation (BI) was used as the control. Under RI and BI, irrigation was applied only once (jointing-heading stage) or twice (jointing-heading and head-ing-flowering stage) in separate trials. Irrigation rates applied each time under RI and BI were 37.5 mm (50% of that under BI) and 75.0 mm, respectively. The results indicated that compared with BI, RI significantly increased the soil water storage in the early growth stage, net photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency (WUE), and irri-gation water use efficiency, and decreased the evapotranspiration in years with different precipitation distri-butions. When irrigation was applied once, RI increased WUE by 13.4%, 9.1%, and 8.7% compared with BI in dry, normal, and wet years, respectively. When irrigation was applied twice, RI increased WUE by 12.6%, 8.9%, and 5.1% compared with BI in dry, normal, and wet years, respectively. Compared with BI, RI required 50% less irrigation water but it increased the grain yield by 3.3%, 2.4%, and 2.8% with once application in dry, normal, and wet years, respectively, and decreased it by 6.3%, 4.1%, and 3.2% when applied twice (P > 0.05). RI effectively maintained the yield and there was no significant difference compared with the yield under BI. Therefore, RI could be applied as a technique for significantly reducing irrigation rate consumed in semiarid and semi-humid areas.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of water and nitrogen coupling on watermelon growth, photosynthesis and yield under CO2 enrichment

    Hong, TingtingCai, ZelinLi, RuiLiu, Jiecheng...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：The accurate and efficient management of water and nitrogen is essential for the effective intensive production of greenhouse watermelon. In order to determine the optimal application of water and nitrogen to promote the growth and yield of watermelon under the increasing CO2 concentration in the future, we conducted an experiment with 12 treatments over two growing seasons in 2019 and 2020 to evaluate the effects of water and nitrogen coupling on the growth, photosynthesis, and yield of watermelon under carbon dioxide (CO2) enrichment. The treatments included three irrigation levels, D (80% evaporation (Ep)), I-2 (100% Ep), and I-3 (120% Ep); two nitrogen levels, N-1 (644.04 kg/ha) and N-2 (1288.09 kg/ha); and two CO2 concentrations, C-1 (400 ppm) and C-2 (800 ppm). The experimental results show that except for intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and chlorophyll, irrigation exhibited a promoting effect on other indicators in two years, and yield was most strongly improved with increased irrigation. The interaction of water and nitrogen dramatically affected the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and Ci in two years. Elevated CO2 concentration alleviated the negative effect of low nitrogen on the number of leaves, dry matter accumulation, Pn, and Ci, with the biggest improvement on dry matter accumulation, changes of 35.7% and 17.9% for two years. Meanwhile, elevated CO2 concentration also promoted Pn under low-irrigation, with increases of 36.9% and 31.1% in two years. Eight indicators of growth and photosynthesis were used to evaluate comprehensive growth based on Technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOP SIS), and dry matter accumulation achieved the largest combined weight of 0.241 and 0.232, followed by Pn. A positive correlation was found between comprehensive growth and yield. Different treatments were effective for overall promotion of growth and yield, with 115-120% Ep irrigation, 976.07-1288.09 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer optimal for watermelon at 400 ppm CO2 concentration and 114-120% Ep irrigation, 664.04-913.06 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer best for 800 ppm CO2. These results suggest for the expected future higher CO2 concentrations, greenhouse watermelon production should reduce application of nitrogen fertilizers to save resources, but maintain full irrigation.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Determination of irrigation scheduling thresholds based on HYDRUS-1D simulations of field capacity for multilayered agronomic soils in Alabama, USA

    Lena, Bruno PatiasBondesan, LucaRodrigues Pinheiro, Everton AlvesMorata, Guilherme Trimer...
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：The use of soil matric potential (psi) sensors to support irrigation decisions has become common practice among many producers. However, psi values at which irrigation should be initiated (psi(lim)) based on a pre-defined irrigation depth is still lacking. The main objectives of this study were: (i) evaluate the impact of different negligible drainage flux on estimated psi at field capacity (psi(fc)) using HYDRUS 1D simulations; (ii) identify psi(lim) values and its corresponded irrigation depth under different soil profile depth at representative soil types in Northwest and Southeast Alabama. The psi-theta relation at field capacity (if psi(fc) and theta(fc), respectively) were estimated by a numerical internal drainage flux experiment for multilayered soils using HYDRUS-1D software simulations. Among the different negligible drainage fluxes (q(fc)) tested q(fc) value of 0.01 and 0.025 cm d(-1) yielded the best results for the soil located at Northwest and Southeast Alabama, respectively. For a soil water depletion of 35% and a soil profile depth of 0.6 m, the psi(lim) ranged from - 103 to - 133 kPa for the soils located at Northwest Alabama and - 38 to - 51 kPa for soils located in Southeast Alabama. It returned an irrigation depth varying from 20 to 24 mm for Northwest Alabama soils and 15-33 mm for Southeast Alabama soils. For a same irrigation depth, it was observed that the psi(lim) increased (became less negative) as soil profile depth considered for irrigation calculations increased. Additionally, if the same pre-defined irrigation depth is used during the entire growing season, there is a high change that plants could be under stress due to the high level of water deficit. Using the same irrigation depth during the entire crop growth season could be a flawed irrigation management strategy; therefore, irrigation depth should dynamically change over the growth season as the plant roots reach deeper soil layers.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    A lucerne-digit grass pasture offers herbage production and rainwater productivity equal to a digit grass pasture fertilized with applied nitrogen

    Murphy, Sean R.Boschma, Suzanne P.Harden, Steven
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：In recent years, livestock producers have widely sown tropical perennial grasses, such as digit grass (Digitaria eriantha), in the frost-prone summer dominant rainfall zone of eastern Australia. Tropical grasses require substantial nitrogen inputs to maintain water productivity and forage quality. Perennial legumes offer a potential nitrogen source for these perennial grasses when sown in a mixed sward. Lucerne (Medicago sativa) is the perennial legume most widely sown in grazing systems in south-eastern Australia. In this study, conducted over the period 2014-2018, we compared the soil water dynamics and rainwater productivity of pure stands of digit grass (fertilized with applied nitrogen), lucerne, desmanthus (Desmanthus virgatus) and leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) and binary mixtures of digit grass (not fertilized with applied nitrogen) with each legume. We found that often growing season actual evapotranspiration (ETa) was similar among the treatments (P > 0.05), but rainwater productivity (kg DM/ha.mm ) and proportion (%) of legume herbage mass were not (P < 0.05). Our results showed that the lucerne-digit grass mix was equally productive and efficient as fertilized digit grass (P > 0.05), particularly in the latter three seasons. However, lucerne dominated the herbage mass (c. > 67% legume). Leucaena production was delayed by frost and severely impacted by competition with digit grass, and generally underperformed both lucerne and desmanthus. This observation did always not hold when alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) impacted desmanthus in specific seasons. Our experiment has shown that a mixed sward of lucerne-digit grass is highly productive and offered high rainwater productivity. Both desmanthus and leucaena, in mixes with digit grass, provided useful contributions of legume herbage mass, in specific seasons and under specific conditions, but both underperformed overall compared with lucerne.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier