首页期刊导航|Agricultural Water Management
期刊信息/Journal information
Agricultural Water Management
Elsevier
Agricultural Water Management

Elsevier

0378-3774

Agricultural Water Management/Journal Agricultural Water ManagementSCIISTPEI
正式出版
收录年代

    Practical analysis of remote sensing estimations of water use for major crops throughout the Urmia Lake basin

    Parsinejad M.Raja O.Chehrenegar B.
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021Remote sensing techniques are used to estimate the high spatial and temporal hydrological variable of evapotranspiration. This is certainly considered a step forward, compared to alternate point measurements. It is important, however, to properly interpret these estimations to practical information for water managers. In this study, results of two separate remote sensing studies (FAO-IHE and RSRC) on estimation of actual evapotranspiration for major crops in the Urmia Lake basin were compared with widely accepted theoretical estimations of corresponding Irrigation Requirements (IR) using CROPWAT. CROPWAT estimations represent the irrigation requirements of crops under no stress, whereas RS techniques are used to estimate actual crop water use which may be under nonideal growing situations. Comparison of irrigation requirements and actual water use for different crops at various locations within the Urmia Lake basin can provide practical information on the status of field water managements, i.e., sufficiency of applied irrigation. Such analysis provides grounds for possible improvement on water management in a highly competitive water used region. The RS crop water estimations results were crosschecked with CROPWAT estimations of irrigation requirements, as the reference range, using ground data adopted from 21 scattered synoptic weather stations across the basin, representing the widely variable crop-water demand in the region and corresponding effective precipitations. FAO-IHE used the SEBAL and RSRC used the METRIC algorithm to produce ETa maps. The available land-use maps with 30-m by 30-m pixels were used for designation of the type of field crops. RSRC maps were produced using 1-km by 1-km daily satellite images. At this scale, a mixed combination of crops occurs in one pixel. To provide a more realistic comparison, the relative area of each crop cited from the land use maps was used to compare the ETa estimates by RSRC with the weighted average of irrigation requirements. The results showed the actual water use estimated from remote sensing images were generally higher than Irrigation Requirements. The difference can be attributed to overirrigation which is a common practice in the region. RS estimated actual crop-water use in rainfed lands was also compared with temporal local precipitations. In some areas, actual crop-water use in rainfed lands was more than the corresponding effective precipitation estimates. This observation cannot practically be justified and can be drawback in the preparation of land-use maps. Practical conclusions were drawn from comparison of actual crop-water use and theoretical estimates. Locations of possible over-/under-irrigation were identified, for which improved water management can provide means for saving water for the restoration of the desiccating Urmia Lake. The feasibility and versatility of RS techniques have motivated researchers to increase adoption of this method, provided that the uncertainties can be resolved.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Evapotranspiration characteristics and soil water balance of alfalfa grasslands under regulated deficit irrigation in the inland arid area of Midwestern China

    Liu M.Wu X.Yang H.
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Drought has been a major limiting factor affecting agricultural production in the world. Accurately quantitative analysis of the dynamic changes of evapotranspiration and soil water balance is very important for effectively managing water resources and improving water use efficiency under water scarcity. Soil water balance for perennial forage is more complex than the annuals due to stronger roots and periodic evapotranspiration. The objective was to explore the evapotranspiration characteristics and soil water balance of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grasslands under border irrigation at different stand ages and irrigation treatments. A 3-yr field experiment with a full irrigation and 6 regulated deficit irrigation treatments was conducted, and growth-related indicators, soil evaporation and soil water dynamics were observed regularly. Daily evapotranspiration and soil water balance were computed using a modified dual-Kc model which is able to simulate evaporation and transpiration separately. The results showed that soil water simulated by the model and the measured value were in good agreement, and regression coefficients were higher than 0.6 and close to 1.0 in most cuts. The change trend of root zone water under deficit irrigation at single growth stages was similar to that under full irrigation. Under irrigation, the transpiration was the main water loss of alfalfa grasslands. The daily actual evapotranspiration of alfalfa in the 1st cut was higher than 8.0 mm d?1 and even over 15.0 mm d?1 at the middle and later growth stages. In contrast, in the 2nd and 3rd cut, it was always less than 10.0 mm d?1. The daily actual evapotranspiration decreased significantly and immediately after cutting, and daily actual transpiration was reduced to less than 1.0 mm d?1. The change trend of daily actual evapotranspiration under deficit irrigation at single growth stages was also similar to that under full irrigation. The seasonal evapotranspiration could reach 800 mm and was reduced by deficit irrigation. The average proportion of soil evaporation to total evapotranspiration was 18%. With the decrease of irrigation amount, the evapotranspiration, transpiration and irrigation water compensation decreased, while evaporation remained relatively stable and the ratio of evaporation to evapotranspiration increased. A lower relative evapotranspiration deficit (0.041) was obtained under moderate deficit irrigation at the budding stage than those in other deficit cases (0.086 or over). In conclusion, in the arid and semi-arid areas, deficit irrigation could be applied to alfalfa grassland at the budding stage in alfalfa production.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Smart irrigation monitoring and control strategies for improving water use efficiency in precision agriculture: A review

    Bwambale E.Abagale F.K.Anornu G.K.
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.The demand for freshwater resources has increased in recent times and has been exacerbated by escalating global population and increasing drought indices in the world's agricultural zones. Irrigated agriculture is inevitably a wasteful water user that has deprived other sectors of the scarce resource. Improving water use efficiency in irrigated agriculture is therefore crucial for sustainable agricultural production to thrive. There is potential to improve water use efficiency through smart irrigation systems, especially with the advent of wireless communication technologies, monitoring systems, and advanced control strategies for optimal irrigation scheduling. This paper reviews state-of-the-art smart monitoring and irrigation control strategies that have been used in recent years for irrigation scheduling. From the literature review, closed-loop irrigation control strategies are efficient than open-loop systems which do not cater for uncertainties. It is argued that combining soil-based, plant, and weather-based monitoring methods in a modelling environment with model predictive control can significantly improve water use efficiency. This review shall help researchers and farmers to choose the best irrigation monitoring and control strategy to improve irrigation scheduling in open field agricultural systems.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Cultivation models and mulching strategies to improve root-bleeding sap, nutrients uptake and wheat production in semi-arid regions

    Zhang T.Ali S.Xi Y.Ma X....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.The application of mulching materials has significantly improved the production of wheat in semi-arid regions. However, various mulching applications under different tillage practices, whether it can improve the root growth, spatial distribution of root, nutrients uptake and grain yield of wheat is not clear. Therefore, a two years ?eld study was carried out during 2016–17 and 2017–18 to evaluate root growth, nutrients uptake, and wheat production under six treatments: CT: conventional planting; SM: wheat stalk mulching; FM: plastic mulching; RT: without plastic mulching with furrow and ridge planting; RP: plastic mulching with furrow and ridge planting; RPS: plastic mulching on ridges and stalk mulching on furrows. Under the RPS treatment, root biomass, soil moisture, soil enzymatic activity, and microbial abundance can be significantly improved, thus promoting root growth, nutrient absorption, and wheat production. The RPS treatment significantly improved the rooting system in the upper soil profile of 50 cm, which helped increase the yield of wheat. At various wheat growth stages, the RPS and RT treatment at the depth of 10–50 cm significantly increased root bleeding saps, and RLD, and reached up to the highest value at 125 DAP. However, there were no differences in RLD between the six different treatment methods in deeper soil profiles below 60 cm. In addition, during 2016–17 and 2017–18, the NH4+ and NO3- delivery rates under the RPS were significantly higher than that of FM and RT, while the delivery rates of NH4+ and NO3- under the RP treatment were maximum compared with FM practice. Under the RPS and RT treatments, the Fe, Ca, P, Zn, K, and Mg delivery rates were significantly maximum. In summary, RPS farming practices have been great potential to improve the rhizosphere environment, root biomass, and wheat yield in semi-arid regions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effect of the optimized regulated deficit irrigation methodology on water use in garlic

    Martinez-Romero A.Pardo J.J.Tarjuelo J.M.Dominguez A....
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 The AuthorsThe continuing decline in water availability for agricultural uses and increased energy costs have made it necessary to improve water productivity in crops. The optimized regulated deficit irrigation (ORDI) methodology was developed to maximize the yield of annual crops under water-scarce conditions, either by reaching a specific deficit target or distributing a limited volume of irrigation water throughout the growing season (ORDIL). The objective of this study was, for a limited amount of available irrigation water, to determine the effect of ORDIL methodology on yield, agronomic and irrigation water productivity and water footprint of a purple garlic cultivar crop under semi-arid conditions. To this end, five irrigation treatments were evaluated from 2015 to 2017 on an experimental farm located in semi-arid conditions (Albacete, Spain): no deficit (ND), and four with different volumes of available irrigation water, corresponding to 100% (T100), 90% (T90), 80% (T80), and 70% (T70) of garlic net irrigation requirements for the weather conditions of the intermediate typical meteorological year (2750 m3 ha-1). Yield decreased with increasing deficit, being up to 25% less for T70 compared with ND. However, the T70 ORDIL treatment attained the greatest average irrigation water productivity (5.30, 4.32 and 2.53 kg m-3 for 2015, 2016 and 2017, respectively) and the lowest average water footprint (349, 416 and 631 m3 Mg-1), while ND exhibited the greatest total water footprint in the process (18%, 14% and 4% greater than T70).
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Irrigation subsidies and their externalities

    Hellegers P.Davidson B.Russ J.Waalewijn P....
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021Subsidising irrigation is a legitimate approach that governments have used to achieve a set of social objectives. Yet it may simultaneously impose negative externalities, especially in the form of environment degradation. Could subsidies be reformed to be less harmful? To answer this question requires an insight into how various kinds of subsidies work, the interplay between subsidies and externalities, and the political complexity of subsidy reform. In this paper these insights are investigated using supply-demand graphs. It is argued in this paper that a broad definition of subsidies should be used, one that includes the implicit subsidies that result from partial cost recovery. It is also shown that even without subsidies, externalities due to irrigation would still exist and that any reform of existing subsidies will counter the positive impact irrigation may have, which may not be a desirable outcome.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Optimizing irrigation and fertilization at various growth stages to improve mango yield, fruit quality and water-fertilizer use efficiency in xerothermic regions

    Sun G.Hu T.Liu X.Peng Y....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the widely grown fruit crops and brings remarkable economic benefit in the xerothermic regions of southwest China. However, mango yield and quality can not be guaranteed due to the severe seasonal drought, low precipitation and extensive management of water and fertilizer. To investigate the effects of irrigation amount and fertilizer regime on mango yield, fruit quality, water use efficiency (WUE) and partial fertilizer productivity (PFP), an orthogonal experiment [L9(3)4] was conducted on mango under drip fertigation during 2018–2019. The four factors were irrigation amount (IA) and fertilization rate at the flowering (FⅠ), fruit expansion (FⅡ) and fruit ripening (FⅢ) growth stages. There were three irrigation amounts, i.e., full irrigation (FI: 100%ETc), mild deficit irrigation (DIM: 75%ETc) and severe deficit irrigation (DIS: 50%ETc), and three fertilization rates, i.e., 75 (F75), 50 (F50) and 25 (F25) kg ha?1 using a compound water-soluble fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=20%:20%:20%). The results showed the order of factors influencing fruit yield and WUE in terms of their importance was IA, FⅡ, FⅠ and FⅢ, that influencing water, vitamin C and carotenoid contents in fruit was IA, FⅢ, FⅡ and FⅠ, and that influencing soluble solids and total sugar contents was IA, FⅢ, FⅠ and FⅡ. The WUE of DIMFⅠ50FⅡ75FⅢ25 was highest. FIFⅠ25FⅡ75FⅢ50 achieved the highest fruit yield, PFP and contents of soluble solid, vitamin C and carotenoid. DIMFⅠ25FⅡ50FⅢ75 had the highest total sugar content and the lowest titratable acid content. Based on the comprehensive scoring method, DIMFⅠ50FⅡ75FⅢ25 achieved the optimum score in terms of fruit yield and water–fertilizer use efficiency, while FIFⅠ25FⅡ75FⅢ50 was optimum for fruit quality. Further, the TOPSIS method indicated DIMFⅠ50FⅡ75FⅢ25 had the optimal comprehensive benefit. To obtain high yield, quality and water–fertilizer use efficiency, the recommended water and fertilizer scheduling was irrigation with 75% ETc and fertilization with 50, 75 and 25 kg ha?1 at the flowering, fruit expansion and fruit ripening stages, respectively. The research results provided a scientific reference for identified optimum combination irrigation and fertilizer in the xerothermic environment of southwest China.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Normalized pressure: a key variable to assess zebra mussel infestation in pressurized irrigation networks

    Morales-Hernandez M.Playan E.Latorre B.Zapata N....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.The impact of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) colonization on pressurized irrigation systems is becoming important in many areas of the world. If the infestation is not controlled, the conveyance capacity of the network reduces and mussels can completely block the system, preventing irrigation. A methodology to assess zebra mussel infestation in collective pressurized networks based on monitorization and hydraulic simulation is developed in this research. Normalized pressure, defined as the difference between simulated and measured pressure, is an indicator of the presence of zebra mussels (Morales-Hernández et al., 2018). When this variable is combined with the distributed discharge of the irrigation network, it is possible to use an optimization procedure to produce a roughness map of network pipelines. Roughness in excess of that characteristic of the pipeline material can be directly associated zebra mussel infestation. Different objective functions, optimization algorithms and strategies are proposed in this work, with the aim of attaining constant discharge-independent normalized pressure at each observation point in the network. Roughness values under different pipe conditions, reproducing levels of zebra mussel infestation, were experimentally obtained at a reference laboratory. The limitations and uncertainties of the proposed methodology are discussed. Normalized pressure was validated in an irrigation network belonging to a water users association, using continuous data recorded at different observation points during a complete irrigation campaign. The non-invasive hydraulic method has been designed to identify infested areas in real time and to optimize the chemical treatments controlling mussel development
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The potential of stable carbon isotope ratios and leaf temperature as proxies for drought stress in banana under field conditions

    Vantyghem M.Dercon G.Merckx R.Stevens B....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021Drought stress is a major limiting factor for banana production and the incidence of drought spells is expected to increase with climate change. Climate smart practices and varieties are needed, but evaluation in the field is hampered by a lack of reliable physiological drought stress indicators. We investigated the potential of using stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) and leaf temperature and its derived DANS (Degrees above Non-Stressed Canopy) index as proxies for drought stress in banana. Leaf samples were taken for δ13C analysis and leaf temperature was monitored throughout the day in a field trial with different banana plant stages (mother and daughter plants) under two irrigation treatments (rainfed and irrigated) during the dry season in Arusha, Tanzania. We found that δ13C, leaf temperature and DANS were highly sensitive proxies for drought stress in banana. Soil volumetric water content had a significant effect on both δ13C values and DANS. There was a significant difference in δ13C (1.5 ± 0.1‰, p < 0.01) and afternoon leaf temperature (7 ± 1 °C, p < 0.01) between the rainfed and irrigated treatment. To deal with variability in δ13C within the leaf, we developed a banana tailored sampling method. This study also revealed the complexity of carbon isotope dynamics in the intertwined system of mother and daughter plants. Daughter plants had more negative δ13C values (?1.9 ± 0.1‰, p < 0.01) and lower temperatures (4 ± 1 °C) than mother plants. This indicates less stress, but interpretation of the δ13C ratio is complicated by the potential carbon flux from mother to daughter plant. Once we have a full understanding of these complexities within the plant, the δ13C and leaf temperature based methods we developed, can be directly implemented for both mother and daughter plants under various field conditions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effect of deficit irrigation on nitrogen accumulation and capsaicinoid content in Capsicum plants using the isotope 15N

    Zamljen T.Slatnar A.Zupanc V.Lojen S....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Greenhouse production of chilies requires constant irrigation and fertilization. Due to climate change, water availability is decreasing, and thus new techniques are being developed, one of which is deficit irrigation, also applied in controlled conditions, such as greenhouse production This allows us to improve yield quality with minimal or no reduction in yield with optimal water use. Nitrogen is an important macronutrient whose uptake can be hindered under deficit irrigation because deficit is a form of drought stress. In the pot experiment, two chili cultivars were tested to see how they responded to water deficit irrigation treatments compared to the field capacity treatment with peat substrate. Nitrogen fertilization, with the addition of the isotope 15N, was applied to all treatments. Seeds and leaves contained the most total nitrogen in both cultivars, followed by placenta. N utilization from fertilization was 3.32% at field capacity and 2.33% under deficit irrigation in 'Chili-AS Rot'. 'Naga Morich' utilized 4.58% of N from fertilizer under field capacity and 6.72% under deficit irrigation. Capsaicinoid content was strongly correlated with nitrogen content in both cultivars irrespective of irrigation regime. This study fills an important gap in our understanding of N assimilation, fertilization, and irrigation in chili plants. It shows that there is no universal rule for N absorption under different irrigation conditions in chili plants and that the right choice of cultivar and species is crucial for optimal and high-quality chili fruit production.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier