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Agricultural Water Management
Elsevier
Agricultural Water Management

Elsevier

0378-3774

Agricultural Water Management/Journal Agricultural Water ManagementSCIISTPEI
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    Managing irrigation supplies effectively under interrupted electricity supply: Lesson from an arid region of India

    Kumar S.Tetarwal A.S.RamniwasMachiwal D....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Groundwater extraction through electrically operated tubewells offers a resilient source of irrigation supply in arid regions especially during droughts. However, interrupted and low-voltage electric supply with limited availability and frequent trips increases repair and maintenance costs of tubewell irrigation and reduces tubewell discharge resulting in less-efficient and non-uniform water application. This study evaluates performance of an indigenous system of groundwater irrigation that was evolved over the generations in arid region of Gujarat, India to address electricity-triggered issues of irrigated agriculture. In this system, groundwater extracted during electricity availability hours is stored in surface reservoirs for later supplying to irrigate crops under gravity flow irrespective of electricity availability. A comprehensive survey of the indigenous system is conducted in a village of Gujarat to make inventory of all tubewells and storage reservoirs about their depth, size, pump type and horsepower, command area, crops, irrigation timing and frequency, etc. Discharge of tubewells was measured and their locations were recorded. Results revealed that the indigenous system is advantageous over the direct tubewell-irrigation in terms of 37.4% higher water-delivery rate and 50% more average irrigation capacity. These findings prove adequacy of the indigenous system in regulating irrigation supplies to deal with electricity-induced intricacies of irrigated agriculture. Amount of water lost through unit area of earthen (seepage and evaporation ～2.77 m) and masonry (evaporation ～1.22 m) reservoirs collectively accounts for a negligible proportion (0.9%) of groundwater draft. Furthermore, a methodology is devised to precisely estimate village-level groundwater draft for irrigation, which is validated by 0.9% deviation between observed and predicted values of groundwater draft. Moreover, the indigenous system is simple, cost-effective and easy to implement in other parts of the world especially in arid regions of the developing countries where low-voltage and intermitted electricity supply persists.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Dry matter remobilization and associated traits, grain yield stability, N utilization, and grain protein concentration in wheat cultivars under supplemental irrigation

    Siosemardeh A.Sohrabi Y.Bahramnejad B.Hosseinpanahi F....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Supplemental irrigation (SI) is the primary strategy to reduce the adverse effects of drought stress on rainfed wheat growth and grain yield in the Mediterranean region. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of SI at critical growth stages on traits related to dry matter (DM) accumulation and remobilization, N utilization e?ciency in various cultivars. Two field experiments with four irrigation levels (I0 = rainfed, I1 = SI at booting stage, I2 = SI at booting and anthesis stages, I3 = SI at booting, anthesis, and grain filling stages) and five cultivars (Rejaw, Sardari, Homa, Azar2, and Sirwan) was conducted during the 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 wheat growing seasons. The average higher precipitation in the first growing seasons increased the DM accumulation in vegetative organs, grain yield, and N use efficiency (NUE). The e?ect of SI on the DM accumulation in crop components at anthesis and post anthesis, crop components DM remobilization (DMR), crop components DMR contribution to grain and DMRE, grain yield, N utilization e?ciency (NutilE), N harvest index (NHI), NUE, and grain protein concentration (GPC) in wheat cultivars was assessed. Results showed that overall SI increased DM accumulation at anthesis and post anthesis, DMR, grain yield, NutilE, and NUE in cultivars. SI at anthesis and grain filling stages decreased DMRE, NHI, and GPC. The difference between cultivars was evident in studied traits, and in general, the Sirwan cultivar had more DM accumulation at anthesis and post anthesis and eventually higher grain yield than other cultivars. SI reduced the dependence of the plant on DMR for grain filling so that the DMR contribution to grain yield decreased from 76.79% in rainfed conditions to 62.44% in three times SI (I3) conditions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Soil water-salt control and yield improvement under the effect of compound control in saline soil of the Yellow River Delta, China

    Wang X.Liu Y.Xie W.Zhu W....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Soil salinization and water shortage restrict the utilization of saline soil resources in the Yellow River Delta, China (YRD). As such, soil water and salt management are two methods for the saline soil reclamation in this area. In this study, a two-year ?eld experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of compound control on the rules of water and salt movement in salt-affected field, and their effect on cotton yield, which were combined by plastic ?lm mulch and buried wood fibre layer (FM+BL). Hydrus-2D was used to analyse their spatial and temporal change. Results showed that soil water at different observation positions were maintained above 0.15 cm3 cm?3 under film mulch, which was higher than that in bare ground (BG), and the closer to the topsoil the greater difference between FM+BL and BG, especially in 2020. FM+BL controlled soil water stress and improved water use efficiency during the whole growing season both in 2019 and 2020. FM+BL invariably and signi?cantly controlled the salt content of the upper 60 cm depth, which was lower than 2.00 g kg?1 during the whole growing season. Furthermore, soil salt contents under film mulch in the upper 30 cm depths were significantly reduced for the high soil water contents. Thus, soil salt content of 0–60 cm layer responded to the heavy rainfall events positively, soil salinity decreased as a whole along with the process of rainfall under the effect of FM+BL. FM+BL has a significant effect on crop growth and yield improvement, the average yields were 1163.7 and 1301.7 kg ka?1 in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Therefore, FM+BL could be an efficient way for soil water conservation, salt accumulation interruption and cotton yield increasing in the YRD.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Metabolomics analysis reveals the physiological mechanism underlying growth restriction in maize roots under continuous negative pressure and stable water supply

    Zhang J.Wang P.Su S.Wu Y....
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Metabolomics analysis was used to elucidate the mechanism underlying response of the maize root system to continuous negative pressure and stable water supply. Results showed a significant reduction in continuous negative pressure and stable water supply (NPI) relative to intermittent positive pressure water supply (DI), maize root dry matter accumulation and root shoot ratio in NPI was 20.22%, 34.15% and lower than DI, respectively, yield was 44.10% higher than DI, and superoxide anion, malonic dialdehyde, osmotic adjustment substance content, and antioxidant enzyme activity was reduced. Next, we applied liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance to perform non-targeted metabolomics analysis with the aim of elucidating the physiological basis of root redundant growth restriction. Results revealed presence of 33 different metabolites in NPI, belonging to different categories, including organic acids and their derivatives, nucleosides, nucleotides and their corresponding analogues, lipids and lipid-like molecules, as well as organic oxygen compounds. Moreover, all these were enriched in 44 metabolic pathways, relative to DI. Notably, metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, starch and sucrose metabolism, plant hormones biosynthesis, and biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites might restrict maize roots growth. In NPI was, Trehalose, 2’-deoxyadenosine, isoleucine and ajmaline were 0.34-, 0.05-, 0.004- and 0.17-fold lower than DI, whereas glutamic acid, glutamine and zeatin were 4.62,4.26,4.06 times higher than DI. This might inhibit root redundant growth. In summary, continuous negative pressure and stable water supply inhibited maize root redundant growth restriction by suppressing sugar metabolism and protein synthesis via genetic information transmission.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Migration characteristics of soil salinity in saline-sodic cotton field with different reclamation time in non-irrigation season

    Zong R.Han Y.Tan M.Zou R....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Cultivation after converting saline and alkaline wasteland to agricultural land is usually accompanied by accelerated soil salinization. There is general agreement that freezing-thawing process plays a crucial role in soil salinization in mostly cold-arid agricultural areas, which leads to the impoverishment of soil productivity. To investigate the migration characteristics of soil salinity in saline-sodic cotton field with different reclamation time in non-irrigation season, we examined the soil bulk, total porosity, and spatial and temporal migration of soil salinity in winter in an oasis agroecosystem of northern Xinjiang, China. Experimental plots include a saline-alkali wasteland as control and cotton fields under four age categories (cultivation start years were 1998, 2006, 2008, and 2012, respectively). The results showed that converting saline-alkali wasteland to cotton land significantly decreased soil bulk density but increased total soil porosity, especially at 0–40 cm. Conversion significantly decreased soil salinity at 0–200 cm soil depths, with a greater decrease in cotton land after relatively longer time of cultivation. After freezing-thawing process, soil bulk density decreased 4.87% on average, and total porosity increased 5.98%. Soil salt dynamics showed that there were two stages in salt accumulation. Firstly, soil salt storage increased at 0–100 cm depth but decreased at 100–200 cm depth during freezing period; Secondly, rapid increase of salt storage appeared at late thawing period. In addition, salt accumulation positively correlated to initial salt content and bulk density, but negatively correlated to total porosity. At springtime, cotton land with short-term cultivation was desalination comparing with pre-freezing, but salt accumulation occurred after long-term cultivation. These results highlighted that long-term cultivation with mulched drip irrigation decreased soil salinity in the 0–200 cm soil profiles, but freezing-thawing process induced soil salinization which poses a potential risk to agricultural sustainability.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Remote sensing and soil moisture data for water productivity determination

    Chiraz M.C.Olfa M.Hamadi H.
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022This work was initiated in 2019 within the FAO WEPS project framework (2018–2022), aiming to determine the Water Productivity (WP) of the Tunisian olive orchards combining two scales of measurements for soil moisture determination: one for the global analysis (remote sensing) and the other for the field scale application. The experiment was made in 2019 and 2020 in the Centre of Tunisia (Kairouan city, locality of Elhouereb), which is one of the largest irrigation area of Tunisia. WP was computed regarding the actual crop evapotranspiration (ETa) which was determined following the water balance method as: ETa=R+I–ΔS, where ΔS is the amount of water stored in the soil (0–60 cm) and (R) and (I) are the amounts of the seasonal rainfall and the irrigation volume, respectively. The annual ETa reached 293 mm for the rainfed orchard, 823 mm for the semi-intensive irrigated plantation and 819 mm for the intensive fertigated orchard. The WP defined as being the ratio of Yield (kg olives/tree)/ETa ranged between 0.29 kg/m3 (rainfed) and 0.77 kg/m3 (fertigated) depending on the cultivation system. Soil moisture was found to be correlated to the average backscatter coefficient (r = ?0.34 for the rainfed and 0.91 for the irrigated orchards) which was determined from the radar images which were treated by using different applications (SNAP, ODK, QGIS.), This result shows the performance of the remote sensing tools for such application. To conclude: WP is at least two times higher in the irrigated orchards than in the rainfed grove; this indicates a great potential of WP improvement if the horticultural practices are well applied in the orchad (pruning, irrigation); so that, the WP can be used as a decision-making-tool for farmers and makers in the future.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Mobile drip irrigation (MDI): Clogging of high flow emitters caused by dragging of driplines on the ground and by solid particles in the irrigation water

    Coelho R.D.Almeida A.N.D.Pereira D.J.D.S.Costa J.D.O....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Mobile drip irrigation (MDI) system is interesting because it combines the efficiency of drip irrigation with the versatility of center-pivot irrigation; however, experimental information about clogging of MDI emitters caused by dragging of driplines on the ground and by solid particles in the irrigation water simultaneously are not presented to date in the literature. The objective of this research was to evaluate the performance of high-flow MDI drippers regarding the clogging resistance of emitters from dragging driplines over different soil types (experiment 1) and regarding clogging resistance from solid particles in the irrigation water (experiment 2). The research was carried out at the Irrigation Material Testing Laboratory at the University of S?o Paulo (USP), Brazil. In experiment 1, dragging of driplines over ground for 3 soil types, for different dripper models under dynamic and static conditions, were tested. In experiment 2, driplines resistance to clogging by solid particles in the irrigation water was evaluated. Dragging of driplines over ground did not cause significant clogging of emitters (A and B) for the in dynamic conditions, with average relative flow rate of drippers above 97%; however, under static conditions, after 30 days of resting in the field, the average relative flow rate of drippers was close to 55%. In experiment 2, dripper models B and C were analyzed and showed relative flow rate averages > 70% up to 300 h when evaluated in all pre-filter positions tested. Dripper models B and C proved to be resistant to blockage by solid particles smaller than 125 μm in the irrigation water, regardless of dripper pre-filter orientation. With particles up to 212 μm in diameter, dripper model B with pre-filter facing down showed a 25% flow rate reduction. Over the 500 h of evaluation, emitter B with the pre-filter vertical and facing upwards, had the highest average relative flows of 98.2% and 94.6%, respectively, while emitter C gave the best performance with the pre-filter in a diagonal position (84.4% of average relative flow). The results obtained in this paper, showed a better resistance of high-flow MDI drip emitters (3–8 L·h?1) to solid particles in the irrigation water. These results are important because shows an effective clogging alternative by using high-flow emitters on MDI systems, what is the main disadvantage of low-flow emitters on traditional fixed drip irrigation systems in irrigated fields around the world.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Rice yield, water productivity, and nitrogen use efficiency responses to nitrogen management strategies under supplementary irrigation for rain-fed rice cultivation

    Zhu J.Yan J.Wu Q.Qi D....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Rainfall-adapted irrigation (RAI) or supplementary irrigation for rain-fed rice cultivation consumes less amount of irrigation water by harvesting rainfall and thus is vital for sustainable rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in multi-rain areas, including the Jianghan Plain in China. However, nitrogen management strategies influence rice growth and water and nitrogen utilization under RAI remains unclear. Thus, we conducted a two-year (2016 and 2017) field experiment at Jingzhou City, central China to investigate the effects of nitrogen management strategies on grain yield, crop water productivity (CWP), and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of rice under conventional flooding irrigation (CF) and RAI. The nitrogen management strategies included local farmers’ nitrogen fertilization (CN), common urea (30% nitrogen) blended with controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (70% nitrogen) (U+CRF), and optimized nitrogen fertilization (ON), at a nitrogen rate of 180, 180, and 150 kg ha?1, respectively. Compared to the CF condition, RAI down-regulated the numbers of irrigation (?3 in 2016 and ?4 in 2017) and reduced the total amount of irrigation water (?41.6% in 2016 and ?45.6% in 2017), suggesting that rainfall-adapted irrigation enhanced the rainwater storage capacity and usage. RAI also increased root length, root and shoot biomass, net photosynthetic rate, crop growth rate, nitrogen accumulation, percentage of productive tillers, harvest index, and nitrogen harvest index. The U+CRF and ON increased or maintained these parameters compared with the CN. Compared to the traditional irrigation and nitrogen fertilization pattern (CF interacted with CN), RAI combined with U+CRF or ON enhanced root length and root biomass, and had a relatively high spikelets number per panicle, grains filled percentage, and 1000-grain weight, and thus produced a high grain yield. Moreover, the new treatment reduced amount of irrigation water and improved utilization of nitrogen fertilizer, resulting in a greater CWP and NUE. The enhanced grain yield, CWP, and NUE were associated with the increased root biomass and root length. Therefore, rainfall-adapted irrigation combined with the new nitrogen management (U+CRF or ON) can synergistically increase grain yield and resource use efficiency by improving root growth in rice.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Synergistic role between phosphorus and water use efficiency in spring wheat genotypes

    Meier S.Morales A.Lopez-Olivari R.de Souza Campos P....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.It is well known that phosphorus (P) addition helps mitigate the adverse effects of water deficit stress on plants. However, the efficiency of spring wheat genotypes in the use of both components has not been addressed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of P and water limiting conditions over phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) and water use efficiency (WUE) to categorize different spring wheat genotypes. Eight spring wheat genotypes were selected based on their yield tolerance index score (YTI) obtained from a previous screening of 384 wheat genotypes. They were evaluated for their ability to use P and water. Plants were grown under semi-controlled conditions on an Andisol with soil P-concentration of 3.4 mg P kg?1 (-P), which was enriched to 30 mg P kg?1 (+P). Irrigation was applied at two levels: well-watered (+W) and 30% +W (water-stressed, -W). Wheat was grown until the end of its phenological cycle. The P and water scarcity produced a delay in wheat development, especially in the first vegetative stages. Genotypic differences in growth, development, P accumulation, and yield were observed in response to P and water limiting conditions. The lowest performance in plant growth and grain yield was regarded when the P and water restrictions were applied. However, differences were observed in terms of PUE and WUE. In this sense, spring wheat genotypes were grouped into three and four classes for PUE and WUE, respectively. The most efficient genotype for all the conditions was “QUP2418”, which obtained the highest score in the consolidated PUE and WUE ranking. On the contrary, “FONTAGRO 92″ and “F6CL091337″ were the most inefficient genotypes. Strong correlations were observed between PUE components and WUE, enabling the future selection of co-adapted wheat genotypes efficient in the use of P and water.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Monitoring irrigation dynamics in paddy fields using spatiotemporal fusion of Sentinel-2 and MODIS

    Xiao D.Niu H.Guo F.Zhao S....
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Rapid and accurate monitoring of irrigation dynamics in paddy fields (the start, end, duration and irrigation peak, etc.) at field scales is crucial to the fine management of agricultural water resources, especially in typical areas with water shortages. However, there is still a lack of sufficient research to depict irrigation dynamics in paddy fields at high temporal and spatial levels. To this end, this study fused Sentinel-2 and MODIS images to map the spatio-temporal dynamics of irrigation events in paddy fields. A popular spatiotemporal fusion algorithm (enhanced spatial and temporal adaptive reflectance fusion model, ESTARFM) was used to generate 25 high-spatial resolution (10 m) remote sensing images based on 9 Sentinel-2 images and 24 MODIS images. Random forest algorithm was used to extract the spatial distribution of irrigated paddy fields. Water body index and vegetation index were employed to identify the start, end and duration of irrigation in paddy fields. Penman-Monteith model was used to estimate water surplus and deficit of irrigation during the critical irrigation period with daily observation data from meteorological stations. This study was carried out in rice-growing areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in China. The results indicated that the spatial distribution difference of irrigation events in paddy fields with the shortest 3-day interval could be monitored in collaboration with Sentinel-2 and MODIS images. The start, end, and duration of irrigation in paddy fields presented significant spatial differences at field scales. A large amount of water from groundwater and Yellow River was needed, because the total water shortage of irrigation in paddy fields in the study area was about 80.79% of the total water demand. In addition, paddy fields with higher water demand were more concentrated spatially, as were paddy fields with lower water demand. The feasibility of spatiotemporal fusion of multi-source remote sensing data makes it possible to continuously monitor irrigation dynamics in paddy fields on high spatial resolution scales, which is conducive to the construction of spatiotemporal database and big data platform of agricultural irrigation information. This would not only help in promoting the high-quality development of agricultural water resources management but also alleviating the contradiction of regional water resources.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier