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Agricultural Water Management
Elsevier
Agricultural Water Management

Elsevier

0378-3774

Agricultural Water Management/Journal Agricultural Water ManagementSCIISTPEI
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    Humic acid modulates growth, photosynthesis, hormone and osmolytes system of maize under drought conditions

    Chen Q.Qu Z.Ma G.Wang W....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022With population increasing and global warming, extreme weather events and water resource shortage have become nonnegligible factors restricting maize production. The effects of humic acid (HA) on plant growth and stress tolerance have been extensively studied. However, the underlying physiological and molecular mechanism of how HA influences drought resistance in maize plants remains unknown. In the present study, a pot experiment was conducted with two irrigation levels (W1: drought stress 45–60% of field capacity, W2: well-watered, 75–100% of field capacity), two HA application rates (H0: 0 kg ha?1, H1: 45 kg ha?1), and two maize genotypes (Zhengdan958 and Xianyu335). The results showed that HA applied at 45 kg ha?1 improved the proportion of macro-aggregates in the soil while increasing the soil water content by 5.0% at W1 compared with H0. The availabilities of P, K, Fe, and Mg in soil were improved, and the activities of rubisco and ATP synthase, the content of IAA, and the concentrations of osmotically active solutes (i.e., soluble sugars, betaine, and proline) in maize were increased with HA application. In addition, the expressions of genes involved in primary metabolic processes, especially photosynthesis, carbon fixation, and hormone and osmotic metabolisms in maize leaves, were regulated. Higher maize yields were achieved in the treatments with HA applied by 19.7% in Zhengdan958 and 14.3% in Xianyu335 than without HA applied under drought stress, respectively. And the water use efficiency of Zhengdan958 and Xianyu335 was 2.16 g kg?1 and 2.08 g kg?1 in the treatments with HA applied, respectively. In conclusion, HA application enhanced the drought resistance and growth of maize. The results of this study help to understand the drought resistance mechanism of maize and provide support for crop production in face of water shortage.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Evaluation of the perennial spatio-temporal changes in the groundwater level and mineralization, and soil salinity in irrigated lands of arid zone: as an example of Syrdarya Province, Uzbekistan

    Khasanov S.Li F.Qiao Y.Yu P....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Salt accumulation in irrigated lands is an intercontinental environmental issue that adversely influences the sustainable land use, agricultural land productivity and global food security. With the higher level of groundwater table (GWT) and its increased mineralization, global climate emergency in arid lands also obviously increase soil salinity (SS) in Uzbekistan. Analyses of perennial data on saline agricultural lands were performed by principally depending on conventional outdated methods. The integration of GIS approach to map the widespread of GWT, groundwater mineralization (GWM) and SS in irrigated lands of Syrdarya province in Uzbekistan were manipulated within the limited time period. Nevertheless, in particular irrigated areas where GWT is shallow and highly mineralized, insufficient scientific data and GWT maps created in accordance with GIS-based methods is identified, restricting a better establishment of tracing the SS of irrigated land over time as GWT and GWM rise. Thus, our study is to trace and delineate the dynamic and spatial changes in GWT, GWM and SS caused by climate factors over 2000–2019 by integrating traditional research methods and cross-validated GIS methods in the example of irrigated land of Syrdarya province in Uzbekistan. To reach this goal, a fieldwork was organized and relying on the in-situ data collected from around 3800 different points for soil sampling and 1500 observation wells for groundwater studies, GIS-based maps were created for four last experimental years 2016–2019 using the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation. By comparing the IDW maps with the in-situ data, an overall accuracy of maps per each variable was calculated and data from maps were quantified. A statistical approach was applied to examine the interrelationship between GWT, GWM, SS and climatic factors such as seasonal air temperature and seasonal precipitation. GWT and GWM are moderately correlated each other, but, these two variables are considered as the main drivers to the enlargement of saline irrigated areas in the province.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The spatial and temporal distribution of nitrogen flow in the agricultural system and green development assessment of the Yellow River Basin

    Liu J.Li Y.Zheng Y.Tong S....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The Yellow River Basin (YRB) is an important agricultural production area with diverse of Agri-ecological functional units in northwest China. Through data collection and Nutrient Flows in Food chain, Environment and Resources Use (NUFER） and NUFER-AGD model, present study aimed to explore the spatial and temporal flows of nitrogen (N) in the cropping and animal farming systems of the YRB from 1999 to 2019; and to evaluate the developing status and restrictive factors for the green development in this area. The total N input of the area increased from 2.10 × 107 t in 1999–3.66 × 107 t in 2019, mainly originated from fertilizer (53%, 2019) and fodder (39%, 2019) input. The total N output increased from 8.27 × 106 t in 1999–13.77 × 106 t in 2019, and the main pathway of N loss was ammonia volatilization, accounting for 53.5% in 1999 and 53.1% in 2019 of the total losses. Based on the N input and loss per unit area in 2019, the upper reaches of the YRB were low-input and high-emission; the middle reaches were high-input and high-emission; the lower reaches were high-input and low-emission. Fifty variables of five dimensions, society development, economy growth, agricultural production, resources input and ecological environment were selected to assess whole YRB for the green development index, the results show that 36% variables reached the green level, and the parameters of the agricultural production and ecological environment among all variables were the key factors of limiting green development of the YRB area. These founding are of great importance to provide scientific support for sustainable agricultural development and ecological protection at regional scale.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Maize response to coupled irrigation and nitrogen fertilization under center pivot, subsurface drip and surface (furrow) irrigation: Growth, development and productivity

    Irmak S.Kukal M.S.Mohammed A.T.
    22页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Water availability and water quality problems negatively impact agricultural productivity due to improper nitrogen (N) and irrigation management, which can also negatively affect environmental services. Coupled irrigation and N management practices must be developed and practiced for alleviating these challenges. Investigating crop growth and development and yield response to coupled irrigation and N management under different irrigation methods can aid in developing optimum agronomic management practices to enhance crop production efficiency. Field experiments were conducted in 2016 and 2017 growing seasons to measure and compare maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield, leaf area index (LAI), plant height (and their relationships), and stem diameter under different N application timing treatments and traditional N application under different irrigation methods [center pivot (CP), subsurface drip irrigation (SDI), and furrow irrigation (FI)]. The irrigation levels were full irrigation treatment (FIT or 100%), 80% of FIT, 60% of FIT, and rainfed conditions (RFT) coupled with fertigation application timing treatments. The N treatments were: (i) traditional (TN) with spring pre-plant application, (ii) non-traditional-1 (NT-1) with three pre-season and in-season N applications, and (iii) non-traditional-2 (NT-2) with four pre- and in-season N applications. Grain yield, LAI, and plant height were significantly (p < 0.05) altered by increasing irrigation levels for the traditional N and non-traditional N treatments for the given irrigation method as well between the irrigation methods for the same treatment. The irrigation method had a substantial influence on LAI, and both CP and SDI had 24% higher averaged LAI than FI across traditional N treatments. The highest grain yields were observed under NT-1 and NT-2 at FIT across the irrigation methods. The highest grain yields of 17.3, 16.8 and 15.2 Mg ha-1 were observed in 100% NT-1-CP, 100%-NT-1-SDI, and 100% T-FI in the 2016 growing season, respectively; and 17.8, 16.7 and 14 Mg ha-1 were observed in 100% NT-1-CP, 100%-NT-2-SDI, and 100% T-FI in the 2017 growing season, respectively. The traditional N treatment showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher yield under CP than FI (8.1% and 25.5% higher under CP in 2016 and 2017, respectively). SDI had 8.1% and 23% higher yield than FI in 2016 and 2017 seasons, respectively. NT-1 and NT-2 treatments had significantly higher (p < 0.05) grain yields than traditional N treatment under CP and SDI; and NT-1 and NT-2 yields were significantly higher (p < 0.05) under CP than SDI. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in yield between NT-1 and NT-2. However, the TN-1 yielded 4.3% higher under CP than in SDI method. NT-1 can be an effective N management practice coupled with 80% of FIT irrigation level under CP and SDI. Results and analyses presented here can provide guidance to growers and their advisors to assess maize productivity under different irrigation and N management strategies under different irrigation methods in the soil, climatic and management practices similar to those presented in this research.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Measuring and modelling nitrate fluxes in a mature commercial apple orchard

    Hardie M.Oliver G.Swarts N.Close D....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Leaching of nitrogen from intensive agriculture to groundwater and waterways is a source of environmental harm. Nitrate leaching beneath a commercial 10-year-old ‘Galaxy’ apple orchard was investigated using a combined measurement and modelling approach. Measurement of sapflow, climate, soil moisture, deep drainage and nitrate leaching beneath the root zone were monitored for 30 months in order to parameterise and calibrate the Soil Plant Atmosphere System Model (SPASMO). Sap flow peaked at around 15 L tree?1 day?1 in late January with average sap flow for the 2013/14 season of 8.58, 6.39 and 6.47 L tree?1 day?1 for the high (4.0 L ha?1), medium (2.3 L ha?1) and low (1.6 L ha?1) irrigation treatments, respectively. Deep drainage and nitrate leaching were highly variable and did not appear to be influenced by irrigation rate. Over the 30-month monitoring period, drainage beneath the rootzone averaged 89 mm yr?1, whilst nitrate leaching averaged 33.2 kg-NO3 ha?1 yr?1, equivalent to 55% of the applied fertilizer. Average nitrate concentration in the leachate exceeded the World Health Organisation threshold for drinking water of 50 mg L?1 in 41 out of 279 samples. Long-term modelling indicated the average amount of drainage and nitrate leaching were 136 mm yr?1 and 11.4 kg-NO3 ha?1 yr?1, respectively. Scenario analysis indicated that few options existed to reduce nitrate leaching at the site through irrigation and fertigation management.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Irrigation management or climate change ? Which is more important to cope with water shortage in the production of table grape in a Mediterranean context

    Barria P.Pizarro E.Galleguillos M.Callejas R....
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Table grape production requires large amount of water, which can be problematic in semi-arid Mediterranean regions, where climate change projections anticipated reductions in water availability associated to decreases in precipitation and increases in temperature. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the effect of contrasting irrigation strategies and climate change scenarios on key water balance variables using a Chilean Table grape crop as case study. A standard and an improved irrigation management treatments were implemented in situ during the 2015/2016 and the 2016/2017–2017/2018 observed growing seasons, respectively. Then, the HYDRUS-1D water transfer model was run to simulate the three observed growing seasons and 27 near future growing seasons (2019/2020–2044/2015) under climate change conditions. Satisfactory calibration and validation results against soil moisture and water storage measurements were obtained within the first and the second observed growing seasons respectively (RRMSE values below 5%). Results during the observed seasons showed that by changing the standard irrigation by the improved irrigation management, the water use efficiency (WUEi) increases from 49.5% to 55.7%. For the near future, the calibrated model shows that under all the tested climate change scenarios, irrigation strategies based on supplying 80% and 50% of the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) (deficit irrigation scenarios) have larger efficiencies compared to the standard irrigation management (presenting a higher actual basal crop coefficient and lower percolation). Similar results were obtained under future extreme climate change years, defined as the ratio between model-based projections of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) and precipitation, with the deficit irrigation scenarios having larger efficiencies than the standard irrigation management. Based on these results, it is concluded that by mid- century, the irrigation management has more relevance than climate change impacts for tables grapes growing under a Mediterranean climate in central Chile.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Assessing the costs of Managed Aquifer Recharge options to support agricultural development

    Vanderzalm J.Page D.Dillon P.Gonzalez D....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The AuthorsManaged aquifer recharge (MAR) can play an important role in agricultural water management and productivity where suitable aquifers exist. Yet while the benefits and costs of surface water storage have been extensively reported, the benefits and costs of MAR have been under reported and poorly conceptualised to date. In this study of ten potential MAR schemes in wet-dry tropical climates of northern Australia the estimated levelized costs ranged from US$0.04 to $0.36/m3 for MAR schemes of 0.6–5 Mm3/y capacity. The type of MAR scheme had the largest influence on cost, resulting in the following order of increasing cost for 1 Mm3/y schemes: recharge release, infiltration basin, recharge weir, aquifer storage transfer and recovery (ASTR), aquifer storage and recovery (ASR), seawater intrusion barrier. Infiltration type schemes were typically lower cost than well-injection. Scheme scale, end use and experience with similar schemes were also key influences on cost. A five-fold increase in scale reduced the levelized cost of ASR by 60%. Conceptualisation allows comparison across dissimilar schemes and revealed significant costs (20–100% of operating) associated with approvals and monitoring required for risk-based scheme development and operation. MAR can facilitate conjunctive use of surface and groundwater for improved agricultural water management. Dams typically provide considerably larger storages which results in lower levelized costs, with estimates of $0.03 to $0.18/m3 for options (annual yield 55–1248 Mm3) in the same study area. MAR is more favoured in areas of low relief, offers the benefit of reducing evaporative losses and is well suited to mosaic irrigation with incremental development and relatively low capital expenditure which may be attractive for agricultural irrigation.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Modelling the impact of the agricultural holdings and land-use structure on the quality of inland and coastal waters with an innovative and interdisciplinary toolkit

    Dzierzbicka-Glowacka L.Dybowski D.Janecki M.Nowicki A....
    21页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The changes taking place in the marine coastal zones are extremely important, as about 40% of the human population currently lives in the coastal areas (within 100 kilometres of the coastline) increasing anthropogenic pressure on the marine ecosystems. Agriculture is a significant source of nutrients to the marine environment that increase hypoxia, eutrophication and may pose a threat to the services provided by ecosystems. In particular, surface water and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) are dominant pathways of nutrient loads. The main aim of this study is to present the capabilities and results of an innovative and complex toolkit that enables researchers to identify the sources of nutrient and pesticide pollution, calculate their flux via rivers and SGD, and directly assess the influence of pesticides and nutrient flux on the coastal ecosystem. We combined the in situ sampling of surface water, groundwater, soil, SGD, and seawater with a model study to create a set of tools for assessing the influence of agriculture on the marine environment. The maximum concentrations of nitrates and phosphates were measured in the drainage ditches and were equal to 15.5 mg N-NO3? L?1 and 7.7 mg P-PO43? L?1 respectively. The nutrients concentrations varied from 0.1 to 12.9 mg N-NO3? L?1 and from 0.0 to 0.5 mg P-PO43? L?1 in all freshwater samples. In contrast, the lowest concentrations were observed in seawater with maximum levels of 0.8 mg N-NO3? L?1 and 0.1 mg P-PO43? L?1 respectively. The collected data were used to establish an innovative and interdisciplinary online toolkit in which surface run-off was modelled with Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), groundwater flow with Modflow, and marine waters using the EcoPuckBay model. Additionally, the tool includes two interactive calculators for calculation of the nutrient balance and nitrogen leaching for single fields on farms.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier