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Agricultural Water Management
Elsevier
Agricultural Water Management

Elsevier

0378-3774

Agricultural Water Management/Journal Agricultural Water ManagementSCIISTPEI
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    Negative pressure irrigation for greenhouse crops in China: A review

    Yang P.Bai J.Long H.Yang M....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Negative pressure irrigation (NPI) has potential to reduce evaporative loss of water on –the soil surface, reduce runoff and maintain a stable soil water content, as compared to other irrigation methods. However, there is a lack of synthesized information in literature with regard to its effects on crop yield and water use efficiency (WUE), which hinders its wide adoption in China. We introduce the principles and device of NPI, analyze the NPI research hotspots and review its effects on yield and WUE of typical greenhouse crops, based on the literature available in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science (WOS). Review shows that a NPI device typically consists of emitter, water pipe, water storage tank and negative pressure generator. The material of emitters is important in affecting irrigation efficiency, and polyvinyl formal materials have higher cumulative infiltration per unit area and faster soil water movement than ceramic head under the same water pressure, as the polyvinyl formal material can control the larger soil water space than a ceramic head. Current research hotspots include the development of NPI devices, crop response and water use efficiency of NPI, and influences of environmental factors on irrigation efficiency. Compared with conventional irrigation, NPI is more energy-saving and water-saving, and significantly improves WUE and crop yield. Soil texture is the main factor contributing to the maximum vertical wetting distance and maximum horizontal wetting distance and cumulative infiltration, and it affects the irrigation efficiency of NPI and the arrangement of NPI for meeting crop water need. Results suggest that when the negative pressure level of ?10 kpa to ?5 kpa and the soil water content of 60–80% field capacity are most conducive to the growth of most greenhouse crops, with better agronomic effects than conventional irrigation.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of nitrogen application and brackish water irrigation on yield and quality of cotton

    Ma K.Wang Z.Li H.Wang T....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.In order to alleviate the shortage of water resources for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) planting in Xinjiang of China, a reasonable amount of nitrogen application under brackish water irrigation was sought. A two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen application rate and irrigation water salinity on seed cotton yield, nitrogen partial factor productivity and fiber quality in Xinjiang under mulched drip irrigation in 2019 and 2020. In this study, we selected four nitrogen application rates (i.e., 100, 200, 300, and 400 kg N ha?1, respectively) and three irrigation water salinity (i.e., 1, 3, and 5 g L?1, respectively). Our results showed that nitrogen application rates and irrigation water salinity significantly affected the seed cotton yield, nitrogen partial factor productivity, micronaire, fiber length, fiber strength, uniformity index and elongation. As the salinity of irrigation water increased, seed cotton yield and nitrogen partial factor productivity increased first and then decreased, micronaire decreased, but fiber length, fiber strength, uniformity index and elongation increased. Moreover, seed cotton yield, micronaire, fiber length, fiber strength, uniformity index and elongation increased first and then decreased, and nitrogen partial factor productivity decreased with the amount of nitrogen application. The optimal combination of nitrogen application rate and irrigation water salinity were 200 kg N ha?1 and 5 g L?1 by principal component analysis. We concluded that the normalized relative value of seed cotton yield and comprehensive evaluation value was 0.85, when the nitrogen application rate and the irrigation water salinity were 197.04 ? 237.94 kg N ha?1 and 3.60 ? 3.88 g L?1, respectively.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Comparison of evaporation estimation methods for water surface under floating coverage in arid areas

    Han K.-W.Lei P.Shi K.-B.Yan X.-J....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The main purpose of this study is to evaluate evaporation estimation methods for water surfaces under floating coverage in arid areas. The natural water surface evaporation methods (namely, the mass transfer method (MT), Bowen ratio energy balance (BREB) method, Penman method, the Penman-Monteith method (PM), and the Priestley-Taylor method (PT)) are corrected to establish the covered water surface evaporation methods, which are based on the micrometeorology near the covered water surface, energy balance components, and Bowen ratio. The radiation term of the natural water surface evaporation model is corrected by introducing the Bowen ratio of the entire surface, which includes the uncovered water surface and the floating cover surface. The mass transfer coefficient and aerodynamic impedance in the aerodynamic terms of the natural water surface evaporation model were corrected. Taking the evaporation of the water surface covered by spheres (coverage rate of spheres is 76.4%) as an example, based on the rose change characteristics of the above parameters, the effects of these modified evaporation models are comprehensively evaluated from three different time scales (even months, odd months and the complete test period). The evaluation methods include the root mean square error (RMSE), index of agreement (D), mean bias error (MBE), and coefficient of determination (R2). The results show that under three different time scales, the Penman-Monteith model is the most promising and superior in estimating water surface evaporation under floating coverage (for the complete test period, RMSE=0.11 mm·d?1, D=0.99, MBE= 0.07 mm·d?1, and R2 =0.99); the Priestley-Taylor model is slightly less effective in estimating evaporation than the Penman-Monteith model, and the mass transfer model and the Penman model are less effective in estimating evaporation. Furthermore, the analysis of the Penman-Monteith model shows that the evaporation of the radiation term (69.5%) is higher than that of the aerodynamic term (30.5%) during the evaporation of the water surface under floating coverage, while the evaporation of the radiation term is dominant. Moreover, during the complete test period, the weights of the radiation evaporation and aerodynamic evaporation changed significantly with time. The proportion of radiation evaporation varies from 54.8% to 81.7%, while that of aerodynamic evaporation varies from 18.3% to 45.2%.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Simulation of wheat yield using CERES-Wheat under rainfed and supplemental irrigation conditions in a semi-arid environment

    Hafiza B.S.Ishaque W.Osman R.Aziz M....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Wheat-fallow rotation is the major land-use system in the rainfed cropping system of Pakistan. Crop production in rainfed cropping systems is often jeopardized due to the scare and erratic seasonal patterns of rainfall. Climate change is further threatening the extent and productivity of rainfed agriculture in Pakistan. Climatic risk reduction strategies such as supplemental irrigation (SI) can assist in sustaining the productivity of rainfed agriculture. However, little has been done to investigate the potential of SI in sustaining the productivity of the rainfed cropping system of Pakistan despite the recent water resource developments in the rainfed regions of the country. For this purpose, a four-year (2010–2014) study was conducted to assess wheat yield and water productivity under rainfed and SI using a crop modeling approach. Calibrated CERES-Wheat was evaluated for its ability to simulate soil moisture dynamics, water productivity, canopy growth, in-season biomass, phenology, grain yield, and biomass at harvest based on soil water balance. Results showed a good to excellent performance of CERES-Wheat during evaluation. For example, combined values of soil moisture content between different layers, root zone soil moisture, seasonal crop evapotranspiration, in-season biomass growth, and canopy cover showed NRMSE values ranging from 13%–89%, 5–11%, 2–17%, 12–26%, and 13–22%, respectively. The NRMSE values of rainfall productivity of biomass and grain yield and water productivity of biomass and grain yield ranged from 18%, 16%, and 17%, 6%, respectively. The model was also applied to determine favorable management practices (appropriate planting dates from 15 October to 15 December at 15-day intervals and SI of 50 mm either at planting or 30 days after planting) as their determination under actual field conditions is laborious. Simulations for the best combination of planting date and SI suggested that higher crop yield and water productivity can be achieved with planting in November with irrigation applied 30 days after planting.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Investigating the changes in agricultural land use and actual evapotranspiration of the Urmia Lake basin based on FAO's WaPOR database

    Barideh R.Nasimi F.
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The Urmia Lake Basin (ULB) is a critical region in terms of water and environment in Iran. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between agricultural land-use changes and the decrease of the Lake Urmia water level, calculating the actual evapotranspiration and interception (ETIa) in agricultural and non-agricultural lands, investigating the trend of temperature changes and its relationship with ETIa, determining the water balance, and estimating net and gross biomass water productivity in the ULB. So, Land Cover Classification (LCC) maps, ETIa and water productivity were prepared from FAO's WaPOR product (FWP) from 2009 to 2020. Daily precipitation and temperature were collected from 24 meteorological stations in the ULB. To validate FWP land cover classification, 354 control points were collected and the error matrix and Kappa coefficient were used. Then, based on the ETIa and LCC estimated by FWP, the volume of water consumed in irrigated, rainfed, fallow and non-agricultural lands, as well as the water balance of the basin, was calculated. The overall accuracy (OA) and Kappa coefficient for LCC were 86% and 0.81, respectively. The results showed that until 2013, the area of irrigated and rainfed agricultural lands had been increased by 48%, which could be regarded as an influential factor in reducing the water level of Lake Urmia. The average annual precipitation and ETIa of the basin were 15.24 × 109 and 15.91 × 109 m3, respectively. Also, the average annual ETIa of agricultural lands, grasslands and evaporation from the surface of Lake Urmia were 4.88 × 109, 8.18 × 109 and 2.85 × 109 m3, respectively. Therefore, a negative balance of 0.67 × 109 m3 was observed. The results also showed that the average annual temperature had been increased by 1.1 °C from 2009 to 2020. Finally, the rise of the temperature and area of irrigated croplands, the decrease of precipitation and the negative water balance should be considered as warning signals calling for the proper management of water resources.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Adaptation strategies to increase water productivity of wheat under changing climate

    Islam A.T.Islam A.S.Islam G.T.Bala S.K....
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Bangladesh, specifically the northwestern region, faces twin challenges, namely, food and water security, which are pressing now and likely to increase in the future mainly due to climate change. More crops per drop of water, namely crop water productivity (WP), could be a key strategy to address both challenges. This study assessed future wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) WP under changing climate along with adaptation strategies in northwestern Bangladesh. AquaCrop 5.0 model prior to calibration and validation was used coupled with Global Climate Models (GCMs) projections to simulate the yield and WP of wheat for the historical baseline (2000–2019), near future (2020–2039), mid-future (2040–2059), and far future (2080–2099) under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenarios. We have tested adaptation strategies such as shifting sowing dates and introducing virtual heat-tolerant varieties to compensate for the adverse effect of future climate change in yield and WP of wheat. The simulated wheat yields using the observed baseline period (2000–2019) climate data are found as 3.73 t ha?1 for the Dinajpur region. This study observed the wheat yield reduction by 11.5%, 21.7%, and 40.5% in the near-future, mid-future, and 2080 s far-future, respectively. Both future maximum temperature (Tmax) and minimum temperatures (Tmin) are projected to increase significantly during the development and ?owering stages of wheat production, which could reduce the yield significantly. The actual evapotranspiration (ETa) of wheat during the baseline period is simulated as 271 mm. This ETa could be reduced by 3.7%, 5.9%, and 3.0% for wheat in future time slices, respectively. The WP of wheat during the base period is simulated as 1.37 kg m?3. Results show that wheat WP could be reduced by 6.6%, 21.2%, and 33.6% in the future time slices, respectively. Shifting sowing date (15 November) as an adaptation measure revealed that 10-day backward shifting of the sowing date from the current optimum (25 November) date, the losses of WP could be replenished for all cases, even be increased 3.5% in the 2030s if compared with the current WP observed. Similarly, the loss of WP could be replenished and even increased up to 10.2% and 11.1% for the 2050s and 2030s, respectively, in the case of the 20-day backward shifting sowing date (5 November). In a 10-day forward shifting (5 December), both the yield and WP could be decreased significantly further for all future time slices. Early sowing of seeds could benefit from escaping the critical periods during the flowering stage and could increase the yields and WPs. Introducing virtual heat-tolerant variety as another adaptation measure, we find both the yield and WP of wheat could be increased significantly if compared to the benchmark wheat varieties. These results suggest that adjusting sowing dates and introducing heat-tolerant variety might be a powerful means to mitigate the effect of climate change.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Hydrothermal conditions impact yield, yield gap and water use efficiency of dryland wheat under different mulching practice in the Loess Plateau

    Han X.Feng Y.Zhao J.Ren A....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Mulching practice reduces evaporation, modifies soil temperature and thereby affects crop yields. But the effects of mulching practices on moisture preservation and yield increase are not consistent under different precipitation and temperature conditions. The Loess Plateau spans a wide range, with distinct spatiotemporal variation in its hydrothermal conditions, so the reported effects of mulching are sometimes contradictory. A meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate the impact of plastic film mulching (PFM) and straw mulching (SM) on grain yields and water use efficiency (WUE) of wheat based on data from 74 peer-reviewed publications. The results showed that PFM and SM were significantly increased wheat yield and WUE compared with no-mulching (CK). The impact of mulching on wheat yields was also affected by temperature and precipitation. PFM led to a large yield and WUE increase under low-temperature conditions, the yield and WUE under SM was significantly affected by temperature and precipitation. Compared with PFM, SM showed no yield or WUE increasement effect under high temperature with low precipitation (> 10 °C, ≤ 350 mm) or low temperature with high precipitation (≤ 10 °C, > 350 mm). Meanwhile, our study found that PFM may reduce the yield gap between potential and actual yields compared to SM. These results have important implications for choosing proper mulching practices to increase wheat yields and WUE in agricultural production under local hydrothermal conditions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Making the invisible visible: Co-learning guided development of an operational tool for irrigation management

    Srinivasan M.S.Measures R.Elley G.Fear A....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Inefficient use of irrigation in New Zealand pastoral farms is widespread and the uptake of irrigation scheduling tools to improve efficiency is poor. Recent studies suggest that end-user inclusive participatory approaches to developing tools and practices could improve the uptake, contributing to improved economic and environmental outcomes. Using a co-learning based participatory approach, we (researchers) worked with a group of pastoral farmers, water resources regulators and industry professionals, to develop an operational irrigation scheduling support tool that would facilitate improved water use. The key engagement principles used were: taking time to understand the problem from multiple (stakeholder) perspectives; applying equal value to all sources of knowledge; providing an atmosphere that fosters learning among stakeholders (co-learning); staying aware of the wider (problem) context; and remaining flexible and adaptable. The co-learning approach revealed over-lapping, yet distinct, perceptions of improved water use: for farmers, it meant pasture growth unimpeded by available soil water; for regulators, reduced irrigation-drainage and consequent leaching of nutrients from rootzone; and for researchers, justified use of water based current (crop) demand and forecast (rainfall) supply. The co-learning guided operational tool combined near-real time soil water monitoring (demand) and short-term (two to six days) rainfall forecast (supply), to support on-farm irrigation scheduling decisions. The tool included biophysical (data type and synthesis), structural (data format, presentation and visualisation) and technological (instrumentation and data collection protocols) features that incorporated the diverse perspectives to water use. Uptake of the tool by the pilot study farmers was high, and their irrigation practices evolved because of the information it provided. Inclusion of multiple stakeholder perspectives throughout the tool development process revealed unexpected insights and resulted in improved outcomes for all stakeholders.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    How can resource-level thresholds guide sustainable intensification of agriculture at farm level? A system dynamics study of farm-pond based intensification

    Prasad P.Damani O.P.Sohoni M.
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The AuthorsSustainable intensification (SI) of agriculture combines the dual goals of increasing productivity while staying within safe limits of resource use. In practice, how can thresholds which operate at resource scale guide intensification driven by social, economic and biophysical factors at the farm scale? In this paper, we present the case of agricultural intensification in the shallow hard-rock aquifer region of western India to illustrate how cross-scale feedback effects are crucial determinants of not only the resource sustainability and farm productivity but also of social dimensions of SI such as equity and justice. Supported by private investment in plastic-lined farm-ponds, the increasing shift to horticulture in the study area raises questions about the sustainability of the practice. We use a socio-hydrological lens and develop a system dynamics model to analyze how the growing technology-mediated intensification may lead to SI. We find that from a static farm-level view, the plastic-lined farm-pond is beneficial in shielding farmers from droughts and in enhancing productivity. However, when within and across scale socio-hydrological dynamics are considered, the practice is found to instead aggravate the drought impact on the community. This happens when intensification level accelerates, driven by aspiration and vulnerability induced feedbacks, resulting in groundwater demand exceeding the system threshold. In practice, SI is complicated by the fact that this threshold for safe groundwater use is dynamic. In drought years the carrying capacity falls significantly, so that even a low level of intensification may tip the system resulting in a tragedy of the commons. Therefore, achieving SI requires seasonally agile intensification which retains the adaptive capacity of farmers instead of locking them into fixed annual irrigation requirement in a highly uncertain and resource-scarce environment. We thus conclude that the recognition and translation of resource level thresholds to an actionable level is key to practicing SI.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Double-root-grafting enhances irrigation water efficiency and reduces the adverse effects of saline water on tomato yields under alternate partial root-zone irrigation

    Li W.Gao Y.Tian Y.Li J....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Since most world regions face freshwater (FW) shortages, water-saving irrigation and irrigation with saline water (SW) are currently two inevitable agricultural practices for crop production. However, these two practices generally have adverse effects on crop yields. In this study, we investigated the effects of double-root-grafting (DRG) on plant growth, crop yields, tomato quality and root-zone properties under alternate partial root-zone irrigation (APRI) with FW or SW. Self-rooting (SR), DRG, conventional irrigation (CI), APRI, FW and SW were considered in the experimental design to create treatments that included (i) SR-CI-FW, (ii) SR-APRI-FW, (iii) DRG-APRI-FW, (iv) SR-APRI-SW and (v) DRG-APRI-SW. The DRG used here is a ‘tongue approach grafting’ method in which grafted plants retain both rootstock (eggplant) root and scion (tomato) root in order to maximize the effectiveness of grafting under abiotic stress. The tested salinity level was 3.51 mS cm?1 which had exceeded the threshold salinity of tomato (2.50 mS cm?1). In general, APRI application increased water productivity by 22.2–35.6%, but decreased fruit yields by 9.1–18.8% in SR plants (SR-APRI-FW vs. SR-CI-FW). However, under APRI conditions, DRG plants showed higher rate of plant growth and less salinity damage as compared to SR plants. Application of DRG significantly (P < 0.05) increased tomato fruit yields by 7.9–17.2% under standard conditions (DRG-APRI-FW vs. SR-APRI-FW) and by 14.2–27.4% under salinity conditions (DRG-APRI-SW vs. SR-APRI-SW). Taken together, double-root-grafting enhanced irrigation water efficiency and reduced the adverse effects of saline water on tomato yields under alternate partial root-zone irrigation.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier